DEDICATED    TO 


TO   WHOSE    PERSEVERANCE    AND    ZEALOUS  WORK    FOR   THIRTY  YEARS- 
IS    DUE    THE    REVIVAL    AND    FINAL    SUCCESS 

OF    THE 


ic  ClSamrs 


HON.  WILLIAM  H.  TAFT, 
Honorary  President  Olympic  Games,  1912. 


SPALDING  "RED  COVER"  SERIES  OF 
ATHLETIC  HANDBOOKS 

No,  i;R 


THE 
OLYMPIC  GAMES 

STOCKHOLM 

1912 

EDITED    BY 

JAMES  E.  SULLIVAN 

American  Olympic  Commissioner   to  the  Olympic 
Games  of  1912 


PUBLISHED    BY 

AMERICAN  SPORTS  PUBLISHING 

COMPANY 
21  WARREN  STREET,  NEW  YORK 


COPYRIGHT,  1912 

BY 

AMERICAN  SPORTS  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
NEW  YORK 


HIS    MAJESTY  KING  GUSTAVE  V.,   OF  SWEDEN, 


257871 


HIS  ROYAL  HIGHNESS  CROWN   PRINCE   GUSTAVE,   OF  SWEDEN, 
President  of  the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee. 


CONTENTS 


Introduction 9 

The  Olympic  Idea — Its  Origin,  Foundation  and  Progress 15 

The  Work  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee 25 

Organization  of  the  American  Committee 29 

The  Steamship  Finland  Trip 37 

The  Stadium '. . . . , 53 

The  Fifth  Olympiad 55 

Members  of  the  American  Team 91 

Receptions  in  Sweden 99 

Olympic  Records 109 

Score  of  First  Seven  Men  in  Pentathlon 137 

Score  of  First  Six  Men  in  Decathlon 139 

Marathon  Race 141 

Olympic  Records  for  Events  Not  on  Stockholm  Programme 143 

Olympic  Swimming 149 

Swimming  Records 155 

Winners  of  Olympic  Competitions  Other  Than  Track  and  Field 179 

Rifle  Shooting  Competitions 187 

Pistol  and  Revolver  Competitions 195 

Base  Ball  at  Stockholm,  1912 199 

Soccer  Foot  Ball  Competition 201 

How  the  Points  Were  Scored 211 

The  Prizes 218 

Points  Scored  by  the  Different  Nations  in  the  Purely  Athletic  Events 220 

Points  Scored  at  the  Conclusion  of  the  Entire  Olympic  Programme 220 

Winners  in  Olympic  Games,  Stockholm,  1912 221 

Winners  in  Olympic  Games  Since  1896 222,  223 

Number  of  Competitors  from  the  Different  Countries  who  Entered  for  the 

Olympic  Games  at  Stockholm,  191:2 224 

Robert  Means  Thompson 225 

New  York  Reception  to  Returning  American  Olympic  Team 227 

The  International  Olympic  Committee 235 

How  the  Team  Trained  on  the  Finland 237 

Organization  of  Sports  in  Sweden 240 

Now  for  Berlin  in  1916...                                                                            245 


BARON  PIERRE  DsCOUBERTIN, 
President  International  Olympic  Committee. 


SPALDING'3    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY, 


INTRODUCTION 


The  Fifth  Olympiad,  held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Swedish 
Olympic  Committee  at  Stockholm,  will  unquestionably  go  down 
in  history  as  the  greatest  of  all  international-  contests,  as  well  as 
the  premier  gathering  of  the  world's  most  expert  athletes. 
Twenty-seven  countries  sent  teams  of  more  or  less  size  and  merit 
for  thirty-one  events  on  the  track  and  field  programme,  and  a 
majority  tried  for  such  odd  contests  as  the  aquatics,  gymnastics, 
wrestling,  rowing,  fencing,  shooting,  cycling  and  yachting. 

Chiefly  on  account  of  the  fact,  that  originally  the  Olympic 
Games  only  embraced  track  and  field  contests,  that  part  of  the 
programme,  as  at  all  previous  Olympic  struggles,  proved  to  be 
the  most  attractive.  On  it  was  focusse.d  the  main  strength  of 
the  teams,  and  the  battle  for  supremacy,  both  individually  and 
for  points,  produced  one  continuous  string  of  the  most  sensa- 
tional performances.  Record  after  record  went  tottering  to 
oblivion  and  in  many  instances  new  marks  saw  the  light,  and  of 
a  quality  which  even  the  most  enthusiastic  followers  of  amateur 
sport  had  calculated  to  be  impossible  to  modern  prowess. 

While  almost  every  track  event  is  worthy  of  a  descriptive 
chapter  in  itself,  there  are  two  which  stand  out  in  bold  relief, 
and  these  are  the  1,500  and  800  meters,  the  latter  being  the 
greater,  as  it  was  the  means  of  contributing  a  new  world's  rec- 
ord for  the  half-mile.  An  extra  string  had  been  put  at  the  880- 
yard  mark,  and  though  the  winner  hesitated  slightly  after  hitting 
the  finish  of  the  800  meters,  he  reached  the  half  mile  in  I  minute 
52  1-2  seconds.  There  in  the  broad  light  of  day,  at  a  great 
occasion,  among  the  choicest  of  the  world's  competitors,  and 
before  the  world's  keenest  experts,  all  previous  marks  for  the 
800  meters  and  half-mile  were  blotted  out  and  the  new  ones 
substituted  were  of  a  caliber  simply  bordering  on  the  marvelous. 
The  young  man  to  perform  the  feat  was  an  American  and  it  is 
still  more  satisfactory  to  remember  that  the  second  and  third 
were  also  Americans  and  that  they  beat  the  previous  record. 

The  track  and  field  part  of  the  programme  occupied  the  Sta- 
dium, or  Stadion,  as  the  Swedes  termed  it,  from  July  6th  to 
I5th,  the  grand  opening  occurring  on  the  former  date.  Every- 
thing that  went  to  make  the  inaugural  was  propitious,  the 
weather  was  glorious,  and  a  bright,  warm  sun  shone  on  the 
arena,  making  the  flags  of  all  nations  ruffling  in  the  breeze 


A.  G.  SPALDING, 

First  American  Director  to  the  Olympic  Games  from  the  United  States ; 
appointed  by  President  McKinley  to  Olympic  Games  at  Paris.  1900. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRAKY.  11 

resemble  an  enormous  multi-colored  bow.  Long  before  the  hour 
set  for  the  ceremonies  to  begin  the  streets  were  thronged  with 
persons  quietly  wending  their  way  to  the  Stadium.  Trolley  cars, 
cabs,  hacks  and  taxis  were  crowded  to  double  their  capacity,  and 
any  sort  of  a  conveyance  was  at  a  premium. 

At  one  o'clock,  to  the  fanfare  of  heralds  and  the  applause  of 
the  waiting  multitudes,  King  Gustave  V.,  accompanied  by  the 
Queen,  the  Crown  Prince  Gustave  Adolphe  and  the  royal  house- 
hold, entered  the  Stadium,  the  arrival  of  their  majesties  being 
the  signal  for  the  festival  to  begin.  As  the  Swedish  ruler 
entered  the  royal  box  the  band  played  the  national  anthem  and 
in  a  few  minutes  the  gates  were  thrown  open  and  the  teams 
began  to  enter.  The  general  impression  among  the  spectators 
was  that  the  athletes  would  line  up  alphabetically,  by  nations,  in 
front  of  the  royal  box,  but  that  was  not  done.  In  such  Case  the 
Americans  would  naturally  be  ranged  according  to  the  letters 
"A"  or  "U,"  standing  for  America  or  United  States,  but  that 
did  not  happen,  for  the  country's  official  designation  on  the  pro- 
gramme was  "Forenta  Staterna,"  which  is  Swedish  for  United 
States.  England  was  styled  "Storbritannien,"  France  was  "Fran- 
krike,"  Germany  was  "Tyskland,"  and  so  on  with  nearly  all  the 
countries  entered.  As  each  team  came  in  it  was  applauded,  the 
Americans  receiving  a  tremendous  cheer.  Of  the  visitors  the 
Finlanders  aroused  the  most  enthusiasm,  a  company  of  Finnish 
girls  dressed  in  gray  being  no  doubt  the  prime  cause  of  the 
warm  reception.  Besides  the  track  and  field  team,  the  Swedes 
were  represented  by  a  big  contingent  of  men  and  women  gym- 
nasts, and  the  Stadium  fairly  shook  with  cheering  when  they 
appeared,  bringing  up  the  rear. 

After  the  groups  came  to  a  standstill  the  International  Olympic 
Committee,  headed  by  the  Crown  Prince,  took  its  place  before  the 
royal  box.  Just  then  an  immense  choir  at  the  far  end  of  the 
Stadium  sang  a  hymn,  accompanied  by  several  bands,  after 
which  the  Rev.  Oscar  Clemens  Aehfeldt,  the  royal  pastor, 
preached  a  short  sermon.  The  Rev.  R.  S.  De  Courcy  Laffan,  a 
member  of  the  British  Olympic  Committee,  offered  a  prayer  in 
English,  followed  by  a  wish  for  the  peace  and  friendship  of  the 
world.  Then  came  the  most  solemn  part  of  the  ceremony,  when 
everybody  uncovered  and,  standing,  sang  the  well-known  Luth- 
eran hymn,  "A  Mighty  Fortress  Is  Our  God." 

For  a  few  moments  there  was  a  solemn  stillness  as  the  Crown 
Prince  advanced  to  the  front  of  the  international  group  and 
addressed  the  King,  saying : 

"In  every  country  the  physical  development  keeps  pace  witlr 
the  intellectual.  Physical  culture  is  again  occupying  the  place; 
it  formerly  held  in  the  life  of  nations.  But  if  athletics  are  toj 


COL.  ROBERT  M.  THOMPSON, 

President  of  the  American  Olympic  Committee  and  the  largest  contributor  to 
the  Olympic  Fund. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  13 

be  of  great  importance,  all  must  take  Interest  in  them.  The] 
more  athletes  the  better.  The  aim  of  athletics  is  to  develop  the! 
physique  of  all  nations,  not  of  a  favored  few. 

"It  is  but  natural  that  the  athletes  of  every  country  should 
meet  like  you  are  doing  to-day  and  measure  their  strength  in 
peaceful  rivalry.  This,  of  course,  is  done  every  year  in  more  or 
less  important  contests,  but  the  most  important  athletic  struggle 
is  the  quadrennial  Olympiad,  which  alone  is  of  sufficient  impor- 
tance to  gather  the  athletes  of  every  civilized  country. 

"As  far  as  we  are  able  to  judge,  the  Fifth  Olympic  Games 
will  be  the  greatest  international  gathering  of  athletes  that  the 
world  has  ever  seen.  We  wish  to  thank  the  International  Olym- 
pic Committee  for  the  great  confidence  shown  us  Swedes  when 
they  accepted  our  invitation  to  arrange  for  the  Fifth  Olympic 
Games  in  Stockholm. 

"We  believe  that  we  have  done  our  best ;  and  we  know  that 
our  motto  always  has  been  and  ever  will  be :  THE  BEST  WILL 
CONQUER. 

"Your  Majesty !  In  the  name  of  the  Swedish  Organization 
Committee  I  beg  you  to  declare  the  Olympic  Games  in  Stock- 
holm opened." 

Amidst  a  profound  silence  the  King  advanced  to  the  front  of 
the  royal  box  and  in  the  clearest  accent  said : 

"To-day,  with  justifiable  pride  and  joy,  we  Swedes  see  ath- 
letes from  all  parts  of  the  world  around  us.  It  is  a  great  honor 
for  Sweden  that  the  Fifth  Olympic  Games  should  take  place  in 
Stockholm,  and  I  wish  you  and  all  the  friends  and  followers 
of  sport  a  hearty  welcome  to  this  peaceable  International  .Con- 
test of  Nations.  May  the  same  noble  thoughts  that  found  an 
expression  in  the  Olympic  Games  of  antiquity  be  so  carried 
out  that  these  competitions  become  conducive  to  the  physical 
health  and  development  of  the  wide  world.  With  these  words 
I  now  declare  the  Olympic  Games  in  Stockholm  to  be  opened." 

As  the  King  retired  to  his  seat  the  trumpeters,  standing  on 
the  battlements  of  the  towers  of  the  Stadium,  clad  in  ancient 
costumes,  blew  several  long  blasts.  This  was  in  keeping  with 
the  custom  of  the  early  days  of  Greece  when  the  heralds  pro- 
claimed to  the  world  that  the  Olympic  Games  had  begun.  As 
the  last  echo  of  the  bugles  died  away  on  the  distant  hills  the 
Crown  Prince  lifted  his  hat  and  called  for  three  cheers,  which 
were  given  with  tremendous  vigor.  Then  the  athletes  resumed 
their  march,  each  squad  saluting  as  it  came  in  front  of  the  King. 
No  sooner  had  the  last  man  disappeared  outside  the  gate  than 
the  lanes  were  strung  out  for  the  100  meters  and  the  battle 
royal  on  the  track  for  the  supremacy  of  nations  in  athletics  be- 
gan without  further  delay. 


PROF.    WILLIAM    M.    SLOANE. 

American  Member  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee;  member  Board  of 
Governors    Amateur  Athletic  Union. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  15 


THE  OLYMPIC  IDEA— ITS  ORIGIN, 
FOUNDATION  AND  PROGRESS 

BY  WILLIAM  MILLIGAN  SLOANE, 

Professor  of  History  in  Columbia  University  and   Senior 

Member  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee. 

(Reprinted  from  the  Century  Magazine) 

Some  thirty  years  ago,  M.  Pierre  de  Coubertin,  a  young 
Frenchman  whose  heartstrings  had  been  wrung  by  the  humilia- 
tion of  his  country  in  1870,  began  to  study  outdoor  life  in  Eng- 
land and  America.  He  traveled  extensively,  published  several 
books  on  the  subject,  and  in  his  own  land  was  the  organizer  of 
clubs  for  cultivating  the  more  strenuous,  inspiriting,  and  daring 
sports  which  had  hitherto  been  neglected. 

The  motto  of  M.  de  Coubertin  was  uLudug_pro  Patria."  Its 
spirit  took  possession  of  all  continental  Europe  (especially  where 
patriotism  was  strongest),  either  because  of  its  comparative  nov- 
elty or  because  the  particular  country  was  menaced  by  internal 
or  external  danger.  M.  de  Coubertin  again  took  the  lead,  sum- 
moning to  the  Sorbonne  representative  delegates,  selected  chiefly 
from  his  wide  personal  acquaintance  in  different  countries,  for 
the  combined  purpose  of  deliberation  and  action. 

The  meeting,  which  assembled  on  June  23,  1894,  was  not 
imposing  either  in  numbers  or  in  the  personal  distinction  of 
those  who  attended  it ;  but  it  was  impressive  from  the  place  of 
its  session,  from  the  associations  aroused  by  the  great  hall  of 
the  Sorbonne,  oldest  of  Western  universities,  from  the  interest 
it  awakened  in  the  enlightened  public,  and,  above  all,  from  the 
earnestness  of  the  delegates.  And  there  was  faith,  that  mighty 
mustard-seed.  The  result  of  the  conference  was  the  adoption  of 
the  Olympic  Idea,  and  the  formation  of  an  International  Olym- 
pic Committee,  the  object  of  which  was,  first  and  above  all  else, 
to  define  and  promulgate  a  purpose,  until  then  rather  vague ; 
secondly,  in  the  fullness  of  time  to  revive  Olympic  contests. 

Of  this  committee  the  writer  has  been  a  member  from  the 
beginning,  until  now,  by  priority  of  interest  and  anticipation,  he 
is  almost,  if  not  quite,  the  dean  of  its  regular  floor  members. 
The  president,  even  premier  in  council  and  prime  mover  in 
action,  is  Baron  Pierre  de  Coubertin.  The-  committee's  fore- 
most task — that  with  which  it  began  its  labors — was  to  arrive  at 


GUSTAVUS    TOWN    KIRB1. 

President  Amateur  Athletic  Union;  Chairman  Intercollegiate  A. A. A. A.  Advisory 

Committee;    Member  Recreation  Commission,   New   York  City; 

Member   American  Olympic   Committee. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  17 

some  general  definition  of  the  Olympic  Idea  by  the  study  of  the 
merits  and  demerits  of  the  spirit  shown  at  ancient  Olympia  in 
Greece;  to  select  those  concepts  which  were  still  vital  and  use- 
ful, and  to  adapt  them  to  modern  conditions;  in  short,  to  get 
an  outline  of  policy,  and  try  it  out  by  experiment  and  practice. 

For  this  purpose  the  president,  a  man  of  classical  training  and 
spirit,  consulted  not  only  men  of  similar  caliber  in  his  own  land, 
but  those  in  other  countries  as  well,  making  extended  journeys 
for  the  purpose.  In  America  he  was  greeted  enthusiastically, 
winning  many  valiant  hearts  to  his  cause.  Here,  as  elsewhere 
among  the  select  few,  the  Olympic  Idea  became  almost  an  obses- 
sion;  the  many  of  course  could  not  find  time  to  bother  with 
an  idealist  and  his  strange  doctrines.  But  the  little  handful  in 
each  country  was  undismayed.  There  was  lively  corresponding, 
comparing,  and  suggesting;  finally  came  the  appointment  of  a 
small  volunteer  executive  committee  in  Paris,  whose  modest 
expenses  were  borne  in  part  by  slender  contributions  from  those 
in  the  International  Committee,  but  mainly,  however,  by  them- 
selves. So  by  fairly  rapid  stages  the  idea  took  form  and  grew. 

That  the  nucleus  of  the  Olympic  meeting  must  be  field  and 
track  athletics  is  inevitable,  because  these  have  become  the  com- 
mon possession  of  vigorous,  enterprising  youth  the  world  over. 
The  various  events  can,  moreover,  be  standardized  with  greater 
ease;  that  is,  the  details  of  rules,  judges,  and  possible  styles  are 
not  difficult  to  arrange  with  equal  justice  to  all.  In  regard  to 
field  and  track  athletics  there  is  likely  to  be  less  particularism, 
less  national  jealousy,  than  in  other  forms  of  contests.  From 
the  very  outset,  in  the  first  Olympic  gathering  at  Athens, 
common  ground  for  friendly  emulation  was  easily  established. 

From  this  position  it  was  inevitable  that  further  discussion 
would  ensue,  and  for  twenty  years  it  has  gone  on  in  the  public 
forum  of  all  countries,  until  opinion  has  become  alert,  concep- 
tions have  been  clarified,  and  the  earnest  desire  for  definition 
applicable  to  the  widest  field  has  become  poignant.  Clear,  stable, 
and  definite  legislation  will  be  possible  if,  as  proposed,  a  con- 
gress of  delegates  from  all  the  great  federations  of  sports  can 
meet  at  Paris  in  1914  in  order  to  establish  the  standard  Olym- 
piad and  thereby  to  celebrate  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the 
first  meeting  at  the  Sorbonne.  Lack  of  space  forbids  the  his- 
tory of  Olympic  evolution  or  even  the  recapitulation  of  the 
events  which  have  furnished  its  environment.  There  have  been 
thirteen  plenary  sessions  of  the  International  Committee,  in 
Paris  (1894,  1901,  1902)  ;  Athens  (1896,  1906)  ;  Havre  (1897)  ; 
London,  (1904,  1908)  ;  Brussels  (1905)  ;  The  Hague  (1907)  ; 
Berlin  (1909)  ;  Luxemburg  (1910)  ;  and  Budapest  (1911)-  Four 
general  congresses  have  been  summoned  by  the  committee,  and 


BARTOW  S.  WEEKS, 

Member  Executive  Committee  of  the  American  Olympic  Committee  ;  Chairman 
of  Transportation  Committee,  and  who  for  nearly  a  year  did  much  of  the  work 
of  the  Team  Selection  Committee  and  attended  to  all  matters  pertaining  to  the 
transportation  of  the  team. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  19 

held  under  its  auspices,  for  the  discussion  of  vital  questions,  and 
a  fifth  should  be  held  in  1914  to  create  the  type  Olympiad. 
Throughout  this  period  The  Olympic  Review,  now  in  its  sev- 
enty-fourth number,  has  appeared  regularly;  and  most  impor- 
tant of  all,  under  the  auspices  of  the  committee,  four  great 
international  contests  have  been  held:  the  first  at  Athens,  as  was 
ieemly  (1896)  ;  the  second  in  Paris  (1900)  ;  the  third  in  St. 
Louis  (1904)  ;  the  fourth  in  London  (1908).  The  fifth  was 
^held  in  Stockholm,  in  July  of  the  present  year.  The  committee 
has  forty-four  members,  from  thirty-one  countries ;  each  of 
these  has  a  National  Olympic  Committee,  larger  or  smaller,  and 
for  the  Stockholm  games  there  were  entries  from  forty  nations. 
How  far  the  Olympic  Idea  may  go  is  not  yet  determined.  Its 
definition  for  present  uses  is  sufficiently  fixed  on  the  lines  of 
its  first  appearance :  first,  to  create  and  strengthen  bonds  of 
friendship,  such  as  ought  to  exist  among  all  civilized  nations, 
by  frequent,  peaceful  intercourse;  secondly,  to  purify  sport, 
abolish  selfish  and  underhand  methods  in  the  struggle  for  ath- 
letic supremacy,  secure  fair  play  for  all,  even  the  weakest,  and, 
as  far  as  possible,  make  the  contest  and  not  the  victory  the  joy 
of  the  young.  Incidentally  the  Olympic  Idea  in  this  form  is 
steadily  and  beneficently  permeating  the  physical  training  of 
most  nations  to-day.  That  is  an  enormous  gain ;  but  there  is 
more  to  be  hoped  for.  To  realize  these  hopes,  athletic,  habits^ 
must  be  common  to  all.  Thus  far,  whichever  nationhas  beefT^ 
our  host  for  the  four-year  period  has  naturally  exercised  a  high 
measure  of  control  in  preparing  the  programme,  fixing  the  rules, 
and  selecting  the  judges.  The  system  has  worked  fairly  well, 
and  it  would  be  rather  Utopian  to  suppose  that  a  people  taxing 
itself  to  the  extent  of  half  a  million  dollars  for  building  a 
stadium,  creating  an  administration,  entertaining  its  guests,  and 
for  all  incidentals  besides,  should  forego  any  advantage  for  its 
own  contestants  by  the  complete  surrender  of  itself  and  its  ath- 
letic ways  into  the  hands  of  such  an  international  body  as  has 
been  described.  Yet  such  a  surrender  to  a  competent  athletic 
senate  would  be  a  superb  tribute  on  the  altar  of  international 
friendship,  and  there  is  a  way  to  secure  it,  a  method  already 
suggested  earlier  in  this  article,  a  plan  still  inchoate,  but  in 
process  of  careful  study;  namely,  the  summoning  of  a  repre- 
sentative, federal,  athletic  congress  of  all  nations,  composed  of 
delegates  formally  elected  by  the  different  national  federations 
of  sports,  and  granted  full  power  to  legislate. 

It  would  be  the  duty  of  this  congress,  probably  meeting  at 
long  intervals,  first,  to  fix  a  type  programme;  secondly,  to 
promulgate  rules;  and  thirdly,  to  create  a  body  of  impartial, 
international  judges  and  juries,  possibly  even  a  final  court  of 


JULIAN    W.     CUBTISS, 
Treasurer  American  Finance  Committee,   Olympic  Games,   1912. 


SPALDINQ'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  21 

appeal  for  the  adjustment  of  unforeseen  difficulties — a  body 
which  would  be  continuous  and  easily  summoned  at  short  notice. 
It  is  almost  certain  that  such  a  congress  will  meet  in  Paris  dur- 
ing 1914.  All  depends  on  how  widely  it  is  <tajkcd.  Its  success 
would  mean  the  fixing  of  the  Olympic  Idea  anBts  perpetuation. 
All  nations  proposing  to  hold  the  Olympic  Games  would  thus 
be  cognizant  of  the  conditions  beforehand,  and' graceful  acquies- 
cence in  them  would  be  as  far-reaching  an  influence  as  that  of 
The  Hague  Tribunal,  and  an  example  of  priceless  value  to  the 
rising  generations. 

Another  extension  of  the  Olympic  Idea  is  already  in  progress ; 
that  is  the  inclusion  of  other  sports  in  the  period  of  the  Olym-; 
piad.  The  Stockholm  programme  included  tennis,  horsemanship, 
yachting,  cycling,  shooting,  swimming,  gymnastics,  and  a  modern 
pentathlon,  to  test  the  ability  of  those  who  do  several  things 
well,  and  are  not  expert  in  one  to  the  exclusion  of  every- 
thing else. 

In  ancient  Greece  there  was  only  one  Olympia  to  which  at 
first  all  the  little  nationalities,  and  eventually  the  greater  ones, 
repaired  without  question,  and  during  the  contests  there  was  a 
general  truce  in  order  that  all  might  be  safe  in  their  going  and 
coming.  The  modern  Olympiads  so  far  have  been  favored  by 
peace,  but  should  there  be  war  between  the  nations,  the  idea  of 
rotating  in  meeting-places  would  have  of  necessity  to  be  aban- 
doned, at  least  temporarily.  What  then?  The  struggle  for  bal- 
ance of  power  between  the  free  and  the  slave  State  systems  of 
America,  between  the  Northern  and  Southern  countries  of 
Europe,  has  wrought  havoc  in  the  past  by  setting  one  nation 
against  another,  fanning  ambition  into  selfish  rivalry  and  rivalry 
into  bloodshed,  conquest  and  expansion,  the  end  of  which  has 
been  empire.  But  it  has  had  one  beneficent  result — the  neutral- 
izing of  the  small  states  of  Europe — states  which  are  models  to 
the  world  in  showing  what  peace  and  security  can  enable  men 
to  accomplish  for  the  general  welfare.  Of  these  states  the  most 
central  is  Switzerland,  which  has  been  called  the  railway  turn- 
table of  Europe.  Wherever  and  whenever  war-dogs  may  be 
unchained,  it  is  at  peace. 

Sentimentally,  of  course,  Athens  would  be  the  natural  refuge 
for  a  peace  movement  based  on  international  competition  under 
the  Olympic  Idea.  Its  superb  stadium,  restored  by  the  generosity 
of  Averof,  further  emphasizes  its  fitness.  The  Greeks  were  so 
impressed  with  this  conviction  that  after  the  first  successful 
meeting  they  and  their  friends  set  on  foot  a  movement  to  secure 
all  future  Olympic  meetings  for  their  city.  Other  nations, 
through  their  representatives,  protested,  with  the  very  sound 
argument  that  general  interest  must  be  secured  and  intensified 


EVERETT  C.  BROWN, 

Chicago,  111. 

Member  Executive  Committee 

American  Olympic  Committee  and 

Chairman  Western  Finance  Committee. 


COL.  GEORGE  B.  BILLINGS, 

Boston,  Mass. 

Member  American  Olympic 
Committee. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  23 

by  a  long  period  of  rotation.  Then  was  evolved  the  plan  of 
interim  meetings,  alternating  every  two  years  with  the  others. 
But  a  single  trial  sufficed  to  show  plainly  that  there  could  be 
only  one  series  of  Olympiads,  and  the  interim  meetings  were 
abandoned. 

Athens  is  as  remote  from  European  centers  as  America,  and, 
notwithstanding  the  luxuries  of  ocean  greyhounds,  ten  days  of 
travel  is  still  a  troublesome  barrier.  Perhaps  in  the  future  the 
main  Olympia  will  be  in  Switzerland,  with  a  subsidiary  one  in 
America.  Of  course  these  are  only  visions.  Meanwhile  other 
visions  have  become  realities,  and  these  realities  have  brought 
about  other  international  contests  for  which  the  name  Olympic 
is  earnestly  desired.  This  cannot  be  fairly  or  honestly  granted, 
although  to  all  such  contests  the  International  Committee  is 
friendly.  It  has  pledged  it  hearty  co-operation  with  the  Panama 
games  at  San  Francisco  in  1915,  and  has  offered  an  Olympic 
medal  for  excellence  in  the  modern  pentathlon.  But  one  must 
protest  and  cry  aloud,  appealing  to  the  general  sense  of  fair- 
ness, against  calling  even  such  an  important  international  con- 
test "Olympic."  That  designation  should  be  reserved  primarily 
for  the  quadrennial  contests  of  athletes,  but  likewise  for  those 
contests  of  other  generous  rivals  in  sport  and  the  arts  which 
occur  in  rotation  at  the  great  capitals  of  the  world  under  the 
auspices  not  of  one  nation,  but  of  all. 

The  record  of  American  athletics  at  the  six  Olympiads  is 
brilliant  in  two  ways :  first,  that  interested  friends  have  been  so 
liberal  in  raising  funds  sufficient  to  send  on  long  journeys  the 
many  selected  to  represent  the  country,  and,  second,  in  the  suc- 
cess of  the  contestants.  Our  victors  have  taken  as  many  first 
prizes,  twice  over,  as  those  of  all  other  lands  combined ;  and  of 
five  Marathon  races  they  have  won  two.  It  has  been  largely 
due  to  American  enthusiasm  and  interest  that  other  lands  have 
come  to  exhibit  the  same  qualities.  Four  of  the  original  foun- 
ders remain  at  their  posts  beside  the  president  and  the  writer: 
Colonel  Balck  of  Sweden,  M.  Collot  of  France,  and  the  famous 
Bohemian  novelist,  Dr.  Jiri  Guth.  These,  with  many  who  are 
dead,  and  more  who  are  still  alive,  have  maintained  the  cause 
against  many  discouragements,  until  now  it  is  triumphant.  But 
the  lifelong  devotion  of  M.  de  Coubertin,  his  tact,  his  ingenuity, 
his  self-sacrifice  in  time  and  money,  in  short,  the  qualities  of 
faith  and  merit,  have  been  the  chief  reason  for  the  solid  estab- 
lishment of  the  enterprise. 


Appo 
Sto 


J.  E.  SULLIVAN, 

inted  by  President  Taft  American  Commissioner  to  the  Olympic  Games  at 

tockholm,  1912  ;  appointed  by  President  Roosevelt  American  Commissioner 

to  the  Olympic  Games  at  London,  1908  ;  appointed  by  President  Roosevelt 

American  Commissioner  to  the   Olympic  Games  at  Athens,   1906: 

Director  and  Manager  Olympic  Games,  St.   Louis.   1904; 

Assistant  Director  Olympic  Games,  Paris,  1900. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  25 

THE    WORK    OF   THE    INTERNATIONAL 
OLYMPIC  COMMITTEE 

BY  BARON  PIERRE  DE  COUBERTIN. 

At  my  request  and  in  agreement  with  the  plan  I  had  placed 
before  the  International  Congress,  which  was  assembled  at  the 
Palais  de  la  Sorbonne  in  Paris,  it  was  determined  on  the  twenty- 
third  of  June,  1894,  to  revive  the  Olympic  Games,  and  resolved 
that  they  should  be  held  every  fourth  year  in  one  or  other  of 
the  great  capitals  of  the  world.  In  order  to  superintend  and 
develop  the  duties  of  the  institution  a  permanent  International 
Olympic  Committee  was  appointed,  with  power  to  fill  any  vacan- 
cies that  might  arise  in  the  course  of  time,  so  as  thereby  to  be 
independent  of  organizations  already  existing,  and  their  rivalry. 
This  was  in  pursuance  of  endeavors  long  thought  of  and  long 
prepared.  I  have  elsewhere  explained  the  reasons  why  I  con- 
sidered such  a  revival  of  the  Olympic  Games,  in  a  modern  form, 
to  be  of  advantage  for  athletics — too  many  injurious  and  unprin- 
cipled elements  threatened  to  annihilate  true  sportsmanship;  the 
Olympic  Games  were  the  necessary  remedy. 

The  International  Olympic  Committee  has  not  betrayed  the 
great  task  with  which  it  was  entrusted.  Every  year  has  given  it 
increased  reputation  and  increased  strength,  and  by  its  efforts 
there  have  been  celebrated  the  five  first  Olympiads  (Athens, 
1896;  Paris,  1900;  St.  Louis,  1904;  London,  1908;  Stockholm, 
1912),  under  conditions  which  have  often  been  difficult,  but 
which  have  been  overcome  in  a  most  brilliant  manner.  It  has 
met  every  year  in  different  countries,  under  the  patronage  of 
the  rulers  of  those  lands,  and  has  been  received  in  a  most  flat- 
tering way  by  the  authorities.  It  has  been  an  element  of  peace 
and  union  for  rival  associations  which  were  very  often  hostile  to 
each  other. 

The  Committee  has  at  present  forty-five  members  belonging 
to  thirty-one  different  countries.  Five  of  the  founders  still 
remain  at  their  post;  besides  myself  these  are  Professor  W.  M. 
Sloane  (United  States  of  America),  Colonel  V.  G.  Balck  (Swe- 
den), E.  Callot  (France),  and  Dr.  Jiri  Guth  (Bohemia). 
Amongst  those  whom  death  has  taken,  General  von  der  Asseburg 
(Germany)  and  Sir  Howard  Vincent  (England)  live  in  immor- 
tal memory.  I  salute  them  when  I  call  to  mind  these  names 
which  are  so  dear  to  us. 

As  was  said  above,  the  International  Olympic  Committee  is  a 
permanent  one  and  renews  itself  in  such  a  way  that  there  is  at 
least  one  member,  sometimes  even  three  or  four,  for  every 
land  that  is  represented.  The  number  of  the  countries  that  can 


WM.  F.  GARCELON,  THOMAS  RILEY, 

Boston,  Mass.  Boston,  Mass. 

Member  American  Olympic  Member  American  Olympic 

Committee.  Committee. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  27 

be  represented  is  unrestricted.  The  members  are  regarded  as 
the  delegates  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee  to  the 
sporting  and  athletic  associations  in  the  respective  countries. 
They  are  not  allowed  to  be  entrusted  by  these  associations  with 
any  commission  calculated  to  bind  them  more  than  as  individual 
members  of  the  Committee  or  that  can  influence  their  independ- 
ence in  voting.  They  are  chosen  for  an  unlimited  period. 

The  task  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee  is  not  only 
to  secure  the  regular  celebration  of  the  Games,  but  also  to 
form  plans,  or  to  organize  all  the  measures,  which  may  serve  to 
increase  the  reputation  of  athletics  and  to  lead  them  along  the 
desired  paths.  With  this  purpose  in  mind  congresses  have  been 
held  at  Havre  (1897),  Brussels  (1905),  Paris  (1906).  The  Con- 
gress at  Havre,  at  which  the  President  of  the  French  Republic 
was  present,  discussed  questions  concerning  hygiene,  morals  and 
athletic  pedagogics.  The  Congress  at  Brussels,  which  was  held 
under  the  patronage  of  King  Leopold  II,  treated  the  question  of 
athletic  technics.  The  Congress  of  1906  renewed  the  bonds  exist- 
ing between  art,  literature  and  sport.  On  this  occasion  the 
important  resolution  was  passed  that  to  every  future  programme 
of  the  Olympic  Games  there  should  be  added  five  competitions, 
viz.,  in  architecture,  painting,  music,  sculpture  and  literature. 
These  competitions  are  open  to  works  that  have  not  previously 
been  made  public  and  which  have  been  directly  inspired  by 
sports.  In  1911  the  International  Olympic  Committee  discussed 
the  plan  of  a  "Modern  Olympiad"  and  for  this  purpose  has 
arranged  a  competition  in  which  the  architects  Messrs.  Monod 
and  Layerriere  of  Lausanne  were  the  victors. 

It  is  in  Lausanne,  too,  that  a  new  congress  is  to  be  held  in 
1913;  on  this  occasion  it  will  be  scientific  in  character  and  will 
be  devoted  to  the  study  of  questions  in  the  domains  of  physi- 
ology and  athletic  psychology.  Finally,  the  International  Olym- 
pic Committee  has  determined  to  celebrate  the  twenty  years' 
anniversary  of  the  revival  of  the  Olympic  Games  by  a  congress 
in  Paris  in  1914,  to  which  delegates  from  all  the  national  Olym- 
pic Committees  will  be  called  for  the  purpose  of  drawing  up 
fixed  and  definite  rules  for  the  celebration  of  the  Olympiads. 
This  grand  memorial  celebration  will  precede  the  holding  of  the 
sixth  Olympiad,  and  will  be  a  worthy  completion  of  the  immense 
work  which  the  International  Olympic  Committee  has  performed 
since  its  institution  in  1894. 

As  the  author  of  the  revival  of  the  Olympic  Games  and  as 
the  president  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee,  it  is  my 
privilege  to  here  express  to  my  colleagues  the  deep  feelings  of 
gratitude  which  I  entertain  for  their  valuable,  faithful  and 
untiring  assistance.  It  is  our  friendship  and  our  unity  that  have 
given  us  strength. 


FREDERICK  J.  V.  SKIFF, 

Director  Panama  Exhibition,  San  Francisco,  1915.    Through  Mr.  Skiff's  efforts  as 

Director  of  the  World's  Fair,  St.  Louis,  1904,  the  Olympic  Games 

of  1904  were  secured  for  St.  Louis,  the  only  time  the 

event  has  been  held  in  America. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    MBRARY. 


29 


ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  AMERICAN 
COMMITTEE 


Acting  on  the  request  of  the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee  to 
create  an  American  Olympic  Committee  for  the  Fifth  Olympiad, 
Prof.  William  M.  Sloane  appointed  Mr.  James  E.  Sullivan  of 
New  York,  secretary  of  the  American  Olympic  Committee  and 
immediately  conferred  with  him  relative  to  the  appointment  of 
a  committee  that  would  arouse  interest  throughout  the  entire 
United  States  in  the  Fifth  Olympiad.  As  a  result  of  this  con- 
ference the  following  were  chosen : 


HON.  PRESIDENT, 
Hon.  William  H.  Taft,  Washington. 

0  PRESIDENT, 

•   Robert  M.  Thompson,  New  York. 


TREASURER, 
Julian  W.  Curtiss,  New  York. 

SECRETARY, 
James  E.    Sullivan,  New  York. 


VICE-PRESIDENTS 


August  Belmont,  New  York. 
Everett  C.   Brown,  Chicago,  111. 
Andrew  Carnegie,  New  York. 
Hon.  Victor  J.  Dpwling,  New  York. 
J.  J.  A.   Ehrensviird,  Washington, 

D.  C. 

.George  J.  Gould,  New  York. 
*S.  R.  Guggenheim,  New  York. 
Gustavus  T.  Kirby,  New  York. 
Harold  F.   McCormick,  Chicago,  111. 


A.   G.   Mills,  New  York. 
J.   Pierpont  Morgan,  New  York. 
F.  J.   V.  Skiff,  Chicago,  III. 
J.  W.   Spalding,  New  York. 
Rodman  Wanamaker,  New  York. 
Bartow  S.  Weeks,  New  York. 
Gen.  Geo.  W.  Wingate,  New  York. 
Hon.  Egerton  L.  Winthrop,  Jr., 
New  York. 


MEMBERS  AMERICAN  OLYMPIC  COMMITTEE. 


W.  Rufus  Abbott,  Chicago,  111. 

Dr.    Frank   Angell,    Stanford    Univ., 

Cal. 

G.  W.  Axelson,  Chicago,  111. 
Edward  E.   Babb,  Boston,   Mass. 
Dr.  J.  A.  Babbitt,  Haverford,  Pa. 
Hugh  H.  Baxter,  New  York. 
Romeyn  Berry,   New  York. 
George  B.   Billings,   Boston,  Mass. 
C.   W.   Billings,  New  York. 
George  W.  Braden,    Los  Angeles. 
Everett  C.   Brown,  Chicago,  111. 
Walter  Camp,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
Charles  H.   Carter,  Boston,   Mass. 
P.  J.  Conway,  New  York. 
Julian  W.  Curtiss,  New  York. 
A.  H.  Curtis,  New  York. 
W.  W.  Damon,  New  York. 


Paul  J.  Dashiel,  Annapolis,  Md. 
Charles   A.   Dean,  Chicago,   111. 
L.  DiBenedetto,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Maj.  John  J.  Dixon,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 
Robert  W.  Dodd,  San  Francisco,Cal. 
Hon.  Victor  J.  Dowling,  New  York. 
W.  L.  Dudley,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
T.  Morris  Dunne,  Portland,  Ore. 
Frank  B.  Ellis,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
John  Elliott,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
J.  Frank  Facey,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Terence  Farley,  New  York. 
Harry  W.  Fitzpatrick,  New  Orleans. 
J.  B.  Franklin,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
W.  F.  Garcelon,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Thornton  Gerrish,  New  York. 
H.   L.  Geyelin,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
A.   S.  Goldsmith,  Seattle,  Wash. 


FREDERICK  W.  RUBIEN, 

Member  American  Olympic  Committee;  Chairman  Plan  and  Scope  Committee  on 
Welcome  to  Returning  Olympic  Athletes,  at  New  York.  Auerust  24.  1912. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARt. 


31 


S.    R.   Guggenheim,   New  York. 

Dr.   Luther  H.  Gulick,  New  York. 

Dr.    Walter   B.    Gunnison,    Brooklyn. 

K.   K.  Hall,   Boston,   Mass. 

Lee  F.  Hanmer,  New  York. 

E.  T.  Hart,  New  York. 

Dr.  George  K.  Herman,  Chicago,  111. 

Evans  Holbrook,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

H.  R.  Holmes,  Denver,  Colo. 

Dr.  B.  Merrill  Hopkinson,  Balti- 
more, Md. 

Charles  C.   Hughes,   New  York. 

W.  F.  Humphries,  San  Francisco. 

Maj.  W.  M.  Inglis,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Darwin  R.  James,  Jr.,  Brooklyn. 

W.  C.  Johnston,   St.  Louis,  Mo. 

R.  F.  Kelsey,  New  York. 

Gustavus  T.  Kirby,  New  York. 

W.  A.  Lambeth,  Charlottesville,   Va. 

H.  H.   Latham,  Chicago,  111. 

Walter  H.  Liginger,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

A.  J.  Lill,  Boston,  Mass. 

Hon.  Joseph  B.  Maccabe,  Boston. 

J.    T.    Mahoney,     New    York. 

Dr.  J.  H.  McCurdy,  Springfield. 
Mass. 

H.  W.  McDavitt,  New  York. 

Charles  J.  McDermott,  New  York. 

R.  Tait  McKenzie,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gustave  Moe,  New  York. 

George  B.   Morison,  Boston,  Mass. 

W.  P.  Murray,  Cleveland,  O. 

W.   Scott  O'Connor,  New  York. 

John  J.  O'Connor,  St.   Louis,  Mo. 

Prof.  E.   O'Neill,   Berkeley,   Cal. 

W.  Osterburg,  New  York. 

Charles  A.  Painter,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Capt.  Palmer  E.  Pierce,  Kansas. 


George   F.   Pawling,   Philadelphia. 
Henry  G.  Penniman,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Sidney   S.   Peixotto,   San   Francisco. 
Prof.  W.  L.  Phelps,  New  Haven. 
James  R.  Pilkington,  New  York. 
George  D.  Pratt,  New  York. 
W.  Roper,  Princeton,  N.  J. 
Edward  C.  Racey,  Chicago,   111. 
William  T.  Reid,  Jr.,  Belmont,  Cal. 
Thomas  F.  Riley,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
Frederick  W.  Rubien,  New  York. 
Robert  Connell  Sands,  New  York. 
C.  W.   Savage,  Oberlin,  Ohio. 
Dr.  Reginald  H.  Sayre,  New  York. 
George  A.  Schneider,  Cleveland,  O. 

A.  L.  Shapleigh,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
F.  J.  V.  Skiff,  Chicago,  111. 

Hon.   Arthur  S.   Somers,  Brooklyn. 
J.  Walter  Spalding,  New  York. 
Alonzo  A.  Stagg,  Chicago,  111. 
Nathan  P.  Stauffer,  Philadelphia. 
Lieut.  J.  W.  Stillwell,  West  Point. 
C.  B.   Stuht,  Spokane,  Wash. 

B.  P  .Sullivan,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Col.  Robert  M.  Thompson,  N.  Y. 
Col.  N.   B.  Thurston,  New  York. 
F.  Vonnegut,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
P.  T.  Walsh,  New  York. 
Rodman  Wanamaker,  New  York. 
Bartow  S.  Weeks,  New  York. 
Evert  Jansen  Wendell,  New  York, 
Carleton  White,  Chicago.  111. 

H.   L.  Williams,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Francis  M.  Wilson,  New  York. 
Gen.  Geo.  W.  Wingate,  New  York. 
M.  F.  Winston,  Lynn,  Mass. 
Egerton  L.  Winthrop,  Jr.,  N.   Y. 
Norman  L.  Wymard,  Washington. 


The  following  Executive  Committee  was  appointed : 
EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE. 

Frederic  B.  Pratt,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


William  M.  Sloane,  New   York. 
James  E.   Sullivan,  New  York. 
Robert  M.  Thompson,  New  York. 
Bartow  S.  Weeks,  New  York. 
Evert  Jansen  Wendell,  New  York. 


Allison  V.  Armour,  Chicago,  111. 
Edward  E.  Babb,  Boston,  Mass.  . 
Everett  C.  Brown,  Chicago,  111. 
Julian  W.  Curtiss,  New  York. 
Dr.   Luther  H.  Gulick,   New  York. 
Gustavus  T.  Kirby,  New  York. 
Joseph  B.  Maccabe,   Boston,  Mass. 

On  Thursday  evening,  December  7,  1911,  a  meeting  of  the 
Executive  Committee  was  held  at  the  New  York  Athletic  Club, 
and  among  the  matters  taken  up  were  the  appointments  of  a 
Team  Selection  committee  and  a  manager  and  a  trainer  for  the 
team.  Mr.  Matthew  P.  Halpin,  of  New  York,  was  unanimously 
selected  as  manager,  and  Mr.  Michael  C.  Murphy,  of  Philadel- 
phia, as  trainer.  The  following  Team  Selection  committee  was 
appointed : 


EDWARD  E.  BABB, 

Boston,  Mass. 

Ex-President  Amateur  Athletic  Union. 
Member  American  Olympic  Committee. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  33 

TEAM   SELECTION   COMMITTEE. 

Dr.  Frank  Angell,  Leland   Stanford.  W.  F.   Humphries,  San  Francisco. 

Colonel   H.   T.  Allen.  W.  C.  Johnston,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Allison  V.  Armour,  Chicago,  111.  Lieut.  Albert  S.  Jones. 

Edward  E.  Babb,  Boston,  Mass.  R.   F.  Kelsey,  New   York. 

Lieut.-General  John  C.   Bates.  Gustavus  T.  Kirby,   New  York. 

Romeyn  Berry,  New  York.  Lieut.-Commander  Harris  Laning. 

G.  W.  Billings,  New  York.  Joseph  B.  Maccabe,  Boston,  Mass. 

Theodore  Bland,   St.  Louis,  Mo.  W.   P.   Murray,  Cleveland,   O. 

Everett  C.  Brown,  Chicago,  111.  Prof.  E.  O'Neill,  Berkeley,  Cal. 

P.  J.  Conway,  New  York.  C.   A.    Painter,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 

Julian  W.  Curtiss,  New  York.  George  F.  Pawling,   Philadelphia. 

L.   DiBenedetto,  New  Orleans,   La.  James  R.   Pilkington. 

A.  F.  Dugosh,  San  Antonio,  Tex.  Frederic  B.  Pratt,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

T.  Morris  Dunne,  Portland,  Ore.  E.  C.   Racey,  Chicago,  111. 

John  J.  Elliott,   San  Francisco,  Cal.  Thomas  F.  Riley,  Boston,  Mass. 

J.  B.  Franklin,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  F.   W.    Rubien,   New   York. 

Thornton  Gerrish,  New  York.  Dr.  Reginald  H.  Sayre,  New  York. 

H.   L.    Geyelin,   Philadelphia,  Pa.  William  M.  Sloane,  New  York. 

A.   S.  Goldsmith,   Seattle,   Wash.  A.  A.  Stagg,  Chicago,  111. 

Dr.  Luther  H.  Gulick,  New  York.  James  E.   Sullivan,  Chairman,  New 
E.  K.  Hall,  Boston,  Mass.  York. 

Dr.  Graeme  Hammond,  New   York.  Lieut.-Colonel  N.   B.   Thurston. 

Dr.  B.   Merrill   Hopkinson,  Balti-  Bartow  S.   Weeks,   New  York, 

more,  Md.  Evert  Jansen  Wendell,  New  York. 

Following  this,  frequent  meetings  of  the  Executive  Committee 
were  held,  at  which  the  question  of  transportation  was  thor- 
oughly discussed,  and  Col.  Robert  M.  Thompson,  Mr.  Bart&w  S. 
Weeks,  Mr.  Allison  V.  Armour  and  Mr.  G.  T.  Kirby,  President  of 
the  Amateur  Athletic  Union,  were  appointed  a  committee  of  four 
to  report  on  a  proposition  submitted  relative  to  the  chartering  of  the 
steamship  "Oceanic,"  and  on  the  question  of  transportation.  The 
committee  reported  unfavorably  on  the  proposal  to  charter  the 
"Oceanic,"  but  suggested  that  the  "Finland"  of  the  Red  Star 
Line  would  make  an  ideal  boat  for  the  purpose.  After  several 
conferences  with  the  steamship  agents  the  "Finland"  was  char- 
tered by  the  American  Olympic  Committee  and  reservations 
placed  on  sale,  after  a  sufficient  and  suitable  space  had  been  set 
aside  for  the  team  the  Committee  proposed  to  send. 

Responding  to  the. urging  of  Treasurer  Julian  W.  Curtiss,  the 
chairmen  of  the  various  local  finance  committees  made  great  efforts 
to  collect  a  sufficient  amount  of  money  to  enable  the  Committee  to 
meet  its  obligation  to  the  Red  Star  Line  and  to  carry  out  its 
plan  of  taking  to  Stockholm  every  athlete  capable  of  scoring 
points  for  the  United  States.  The  Finance  Committees  of  Bos- 
ton, Chicago  and  San  Francisco  were  especially  fortunate  in 
receiving  subscriptions,  the  San  Francisco  Examiner  holding  an 
athletic  meeting,  the  proceeds  of  which  were  turned  over  to  the 
Olympic  Fund.  A  trip  ma'de  by  Mr.  Gustavus  T.  Kirby,  member 
of  the  Executive  Committee  and  President  of  the-Amateur  Ath- 
letic Union,  was  instrumental  in  arousing  increased  interest 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 
Kristian   Hellstrom,   General   Secretary   of   the   Swedish   Olympic   Committee,    to 
-whom  a  great  deal  of  the  success  of  the  Olympic  Games  of  1912  is  due. 


SPALDING*6    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  35 

throughout  the  West  and  Middle  West  and  the  effect  was  felt  in 
the  number  of  contributions. 

The  question  of  selecting  a  suitable  date  for  the  Eastern  try- 
out  meeting  was  one  that  greatly  worried  the  Committee.  Entries 
closed  with  the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee  on  June  13,  1912. 
Owing  to  the  inclement  weather  in  the  East  it  was  impossible  to 
hold  try-outs  on  a  date  early  enough  to  enable  the  American 
Committee  to  select  the  team  and  forward  the  entries  to  Stock- 
holm before  the  designated  date.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Inter- 
national Olympic  Committee  at  Budapest,  however,  the.  matter 
was  presented  to  the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee  by  Prof. 
William  M.  Sloane  and  Mr.  Allison  V.  Armour,  the  American 
members  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee,  and  the 
Swedish  Olympic  Committee  kindly  consented  to  permit  the 
American  Committee  to  make  as  many  entries  as  they  desired 
prior  to  the  date  of  closing  entries,  those  not  selected  being  can- 
celled by  cable  before  June  13. 

The  Harvard  Stadium  was  secured  as  the  place  to  hold  the 
Eastern  try-outs,  and  June  8,  the  earliest  available  date,  was  set 
for  the  meeting.  The  Western  try-outs  were  held  on  Marshall 
Field,  Chicago,  on  the  same  day,  and  the  Far  West  try-outs  at 
Leland  Stanford  University  on  May  18. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


THE  STEAMSHIP  FINLAND  TRIP 


The  departure  of  the  S.  S.  Finland  of  the  Red  Star  Line,  char- 
tered by  the  American  Olympic  Committee  to  take  the  American 
Olympic  athletes  direct  to  Stockholm,  from  the  port  of  New 
York,  on  Friday,  June  14,  was  an  innovation  in  the  history  of 
American  athletics.  It  was  the  first  instance  of  an  ocean-going 
vessel  being  secured  to  take  exclusively  a  representative  team  ot 
athletes  to  uphold  the  prestige  of  America.  The  departure  of 
the  Finland,  with  the  greatest  team  ever  selected  to  represent  any 
one  country  in  an  athletic  event,  has  been  described  elsewhere. 
In  all  274  passengers  were  on  board,  164  of  them  being  mem- 
bers of  the  American  Olympic  competition. 

Arrangements  were  made  prior  to  departure  looking  to  the 
diet  and  means  of  keeping  the  athletes  in  condition.  As  the 
trip  was  necessarily  a  long  one,  promiscuous  indulgence  in  the 
great  variety  of  food  that  .comprised  the  ship's  menu  would  serve 
to  possibly  incapacitate  some  of  the  athletes.  Consequently  the 
dining  rooms  were  divided,  the  athletes  having  their  own  cuisine, 
every  one  of  course  being  first  class.  Owing  to  the  fact  that 
the  American  Committee  practically  owned  the  boat  there  was 
no  second  or  third  class  and  no  discrimination  was  made  what- 
ever. 

It  is  doubtful  if  there  ever  was  an  athletic  invasion  to  com- 
•  pare  with  that  made  by  the  American  Olympic  team  of  1912. 
Provisions  were  made  by  the  American  Committee  so  that  the 
athletes  could  enjoy  some  of  the  advantages  of  a  modern  gym- 
nasium on  board  the  Finland.  A  cork  track,  100  yards  long 
and  wide  enough  for  two  men  to  run  abreast,  was  constructed 
on  the  upper  deck  especially  for  the  sprinters,  which  the  dis- 
tance -men  also  found  useful.  Mr.  Michael  C.  Murphy,  the  ath- 
letic trainer  of  the  team,  cautioned  the  men  before  the  steamer 
reached  the  ocean  swells,  on  the  necessity  of  being  very  careful 
to  avoid  getting  leg-sore  from  the  bounding  of  the  boat.  The 
advice  bore  good  fruit,  for  outside  of  slight  soreness  in  the 
shins  and  muscles,  nothing  seriou(s  whatever  happened  to  the 
men  on  the  trip.  It  was  particularly  noticeable  that  all  the  ath- 
letes appreciated  the  importance  of  their  journey  and  took  the 
best  of  care  of  themselves,  thus  helping  the  trainer  secure  the 
best  possible  results. 

After  the  first  day  out  Trainer  Murphy  and  Manager  Halpin 
prepared  a  schedule,  dividing  the  men  into  groups,  each  with  a 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  39 

leader,  according  to  the  events  in  which  they  were  to  compete, 
and  they  were  told  just  how  and  when  to  work.  The  men 
reported  on  deck  daily  at  10 130  in  the  morning  and  at  3  :oo  in  the 
afternoon  and  faithfully  kept  the  schedule.  It  was  a  sight  long 
to  be  remembered.  Nearly  all  the  runners  and  jumpers  did  a 
little  sprintinsr  and  practiced  starts  and  the  distance  men  circled 
the  deck,  which  was  about  a  tenth  of  a  mile  in  circumference. 
Each  group  started  off  by  itself  with  a  leader,  and  all  the  men 
took  to  their  work  and  stuck  to  it  religiously.  The  Marathon 
men  would  start  running  with  the  milers  and  distance  men  and 
would  keep  it  up  until  long  after  all  the  other  athletes  had  re- 
tired. While  the  runners  were  doing  their  work  the  jumpers 
would  get  out  their  implements  on  another  section  of  the  deck 
and  practice  jumping,  skip  the  rope  and  throw  the  medicine 
ball.  Outside  of  putting  the  shot  and  passing  the  medicine  ball 
around  the  weight  men  naturally  found  the  greatest  trouble 
in  practicing  their  specialties,  owing  to  the  limited  working 
room.  Walking  was  indulged  in  to  some  extent,  but  it  must 
be  confessed  the  big  fellows  were  not  over  anxious  for  work. 
They  sat  around  and  enjoyed  themselves  and  relied  on  their 
natural  ability.  The  discus  champion,  James  Duncan,  was  one 
of  the  first  to  be  affected  by  the  ocean  roll,  and  for  some  days 
suffered  from  mal-de-mer.  When  he  finally  began  to  regain 
his  accustomed  health  an  ingenious  idea  occurred  to  him  by 
which  he  hoped  to  get  some  practice.  He  brought  out  his  discus 
and  had  the  ship's  carpenter  bore  a  hole  in  it,  through  which 
he  ran  a  rope,  the  other  end  of  which  was  tied  to  the  deck  rail- 
ing, and  proceeded  to  heave  the  implement  out  into  the  ocean 
and  haul  it  back  by  the  rope.  This  was  continued  for  two  days, 
after  which  he  was  advised  to  stop,  as  it  would  make  him  slow 
and  one-sided.  He  thereafter  confined  his  efforts  to  throwing 
the  medicine  ball  and  indulging  in  the  numerous  deck  games. 

Deck  shufifleboard,  quoits,  and  other  forms  of  shipboard  amuse- 
ment formed  the  means  of  passing  many  hours,  not  occupied  in 
training.  Mr.  Arthur  McAleenan  of  the  New  York  Athletic 
Club  put  up  several  prizes,  which  brought  out  many  entries,  and 
the  games  were  closely  contested.  It  gave  the  boys  something  to 
do  to  pass  the  time  away  and  they  all  enjoyed  it. 

The  swimmers  were  under  the  direct  charge  of  Mr.  Otto 
Wahle  of  the  New  York  Athletic  Club,  who  was  appointed  by 
the  American  Committee  to  look  after  them,  and  he  performed 
his  work  well.  The  swimmers  practiced  in  a  canvas  tank  about 
fifteen  feet  in  length  and  five  in  width,  which  was  filled  daily. 
A  belt,  suspended  from  a  rope,  was  placed  around  the  swimmer's 
waist  which  held  him  in  the  center  of  the  tank  and  he  then  went 
through  all  the  motions  of  swimming.  This  was  not  only  quite  a 


SPALDING^S-  ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  41 

novelty  for  the  travelers,  but  also  an  unusual  objeet  lesson,  as 
they  had  the  good  fortune  to  see  the  world's  greatest  swimmers 
at  close  range  and  study  the  individual  strokes  of  each. 

On  the  after  deck  of  the  boat  was  built  an  imaginary  tennis 
court.  It  consisted  of  a  backstop,  about  ten  feet  in  height,  with 
a  black  line  extending  across  about  the 'height  of  a  tennis  net, 
and  for  hours  and  hours  each  day  Mr;  Theodore  Roosevelt  Pell 
would  take  the  deck  and  persistently  practice  such  strokes  as 
were  possible.,  -In  this  way  he  kept  himself  in  pretty  fair  condi- 
tion. 

The  rifle  men  did  their  practice  on  the  upper  deck,  usually 
early  in  the  morning,  under  the  watchful  eye  of  Lieutenant  A.  S. 
Jones,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Libbey  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Foltz. 

Dr.  R.  H.  Sayre,  in  charge  of  the  small  arms  contestants,  had  a 
revolver  gallery  erected  at  the  stern.  Shooting  with  duelling 
pistols,  the  same  as  was  used  in  Stockholm,  at  a  man  target,  was 
practiced  twice  a  day,  two  hours  in  the  morning  and  two  in 
the  afternoon,  the  distance  being  twenty-two  yards  instead  of 
the  regulation  thirty.  The  revolver  team  did  not  practice  the 
deliberate  fire  or  fifty  meters  shooting  at  the  bullseye  target, 
on  account  of  the  motion  of  the  vessel,  as  it  was  thought  that 
the  other  practice  would  be  more  beneficial.  The  scores  of  the 
shooters  showed  a  progressive  increase  day  by  day. 

Manager  W.  C.  Stroud  of  the  bicycle  team  had  his  men  work 
on  the  forward  deck.  Each  member  of  the  team  was  provided 
with  a  bicycle  securely  lashed  to  the  structure  of  the  vessel.  Tt 
was  a  pretty  sight  to  see  these  nine  men  at  their  work. 

The  one  wrestler  on  the  team  had  his  branch  of  the  sport  all 
to  himself  and  had  a  hard  time  getting  someone  to  work  out  with 
him.  "Bill"  Hayward,  a  well  known  Western  trainer,  was  on 
board.  Mr.  Hayward  cheerfully  consented  to  give  the  young- 
ster some  work,  and  he  succeeded  admirably. 

Certainly  the  fencing  team,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Graeme 
H.  Hammond  and  Prof.  Dungey,  put  in  their  full  amount  of 
practice  during  the  voyage.  There  were  no  laggards  and  all 
worked  on  deck  morning  and  afternoon,  in  order  to  get  as  much 
practice  as  possible  before  they  met  the  foreign  experts.  All  ad- 
mitted that  the  fencers  had  the  hardest  proposition  before  them 
than  any  of  the  other  groups.  It  was  something  new  to  have  a 
team  from  America  compete  against  the  experts  of  the  world  in 
this  branch  of  sport.  If  the  deck  was  being  used  by  the  track 
athletes,  the  fencers  would  do  their  work  in  the  dining  saloon  or 
other  available  rooms.  Nothing  would  interfere  with  their  daily 
practice. 

The  life  aboard  the  Finland  was  very  similar  to  that  one  will 
see  daily  at  the  training  quarters  of  the  prominent  clubs  or  col- 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC     LIBRARY.  43 

leges.  The  boys  were  prohibited  from  sitting  in  the  smoking  j. 
room  during  the  day  and  eating  between  meals  was  also  under ! 
the  ban.  One  prominent  newspaper  correspondent  aboard  said 
he  felt  that  it  was  a  great  opportunity  to  be  able  to  be  aboard  a 
ship  with  such  a  group,  and  added  that  it  was  too  bad  that  some 
of  the  large  educational  societies  did  not  make  arrangements 
to  have  representatives  accompany  the  Olympic  team  in  order 
to  observe  the  gentlemanly  conduct  of  the  contestants  and  the 
methods  followed  to  keep  in  good  condition.  It  was  an  example 
worth  holding  up  to  the  youth  of  our  land.  Work — it  was  work, 
day  in  and  day  out.  Some  of  the  men  began  to  think  they  were 
being  worked  too  much,  but  Trainer  Murphy  knew  best. 
Undoubtedly  there  was  never  a  finer  lot  of  young  gentlemen 
gathered  together  before  for  athletic  purposes. 

Ten  days  passed  and  at  last  the  boys  were  able  to  do  some 
outdoor  track  work  on  terra  firma.  As  previously  stated,  some 
of  them  were  affected  by  the  bounding  of  the  vessel  and  it  was  a  ; 
great  relief  when  they  found  that  they  could  work  out  on  land  . 
for  a  couple  of  days.  As  soon  as  Antwerp  was  reached,  where 
a  stop  was  scheduled  en  route  to  Stockholm,  Manager  Halpin 
and  his  assistant,  Paul  Pilgrim,  of  the  New  York  Athletic  Club, 
who  was  one  of  the  stars  at  Athens  in  1906,  got  in  touch  with 
the  athletic  authorities  of  that  city  and  through  the  kindness  of 
Mr.  Paul  Havenith,  President  of  the  Beershot  Athletic  Club,  the 
American  team  was  permitted  to  use  the  grounds  of  that  club 
during  their  stay  in  Antwerp. 

The   first   day   on   European   soil   turned  out  to  be  very  dis- 
agreeable.     All    the    men    went   to   the    field    and    just    as    they 
started  to  work  out  it  started  to  rain.     The  Belgians  told  them  • 
not  to  mind  the  rain,  that  it  would  be  all  over  in  a  few  minutes. 
However,  on  that  particular  day  it  did  not  let  up,  but  that  did  , 
not  stop  anyone.     All  were  too  eager  to  find  out  what  Neptune  - 
had  left  them.     It  was  remarkable  to  see  how  they  would  pick 
out  spots  on  which  they  could  do  a  little  fast  work.    The  weight 
men    and   pole   vaulters   all    found   spots   here   and   there   which 
enabled  them  to  get  some  good  outdoor  exercise. 

The  boys  were  not  allowed  to  extend"  themselves  the  first  day 
and  no  time  was  taken  of  the  different  runs  nor  were  the  field 
events  measured,  but  all  were  in  fine  spirits  and  each  time  a1 
good  throw  was  made  with  the  hammer  or  discus  a  new  Belgian 
record  was  instantly  claimed  and  allowed — by  themselves.,  On 
the  second  day  many  of  the  men  .worked  twice ;  in  fact,  the 
majority  of  the  men  donned  their  athletic  costumes  both  morn- 
ing and  afternoon — it  was  a  continuous  performance  at  the 
Beershot  A.  C.  grounds,  much  to  the  edification  of  the  Belgian 
athletes.  Trainer  Murphy  and  Manager  Halpin  went  out  to  the 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY. 


grounds  each  morning  and  stayed  all  day,  watching  that  some 
of  the  newer  men  did  not  overdo  it  and  noting  the  style  and 
methods  of  those  unfamiliar  to  them,  whose  prowess  previous 
to  the  try-outs  had  never  been  revealed.  Practice  was  kept  up 
almost  to  the  moment  that  the  Finland  resumed  the  voyage,  the 
boys  being  ordered  out  on  the  third  day — the  day  of  sailing. 
Promptly  at  noon  on  Wednesday,  June  26,  the  band  started  to 
play  and  with  all  the  passengers  and  members  of  the  team  again 
on  board,  to  the  cheers  and  good  wishes  of  their  Belgian  hosts, 
the  Finland  sailed  for  Stockholm,  the  Mecca  of  the  athletic 
world  in  1912. 

In  looking  over  the  following  list  of  passengers  who  enjoyed 
the  Finland's  glorious  trip  to  the  city  of  the  Fifth  Olympiad  one 
quickly  notices  the  names  of  many  men  who  have  been  famous 
in  the  annals  of  American  athletics,  "old-timers"  now,  but  who 
acted  and  were  as  enthusiastic  as  the  youngest  Olympic  com- 
petitor aboard.  It  would  be  invidious  to  select  any  single  names 
from  amongst  such  a  roster  of  those  that  have  ever  been  in  the 
vanguard  of  America's  athletic  advance;  their  names  and  rec- 
ords are  known  wherever  athletics  are  practiced.  Had  there 
been  some  historian  of  the  rise  and  progress  of  athletics  in 
America  on  the  vessel,  he  would  have  had  the  opportunity — 
which  may  never  again  occur — of  securing  from  these  men 
authentic,  first-hand  data  of  the  old  days  of  athletics — unique 
memories  and  stories  from  the  lips  of  the  actors  themselves.  Let 
us  hope  that  some  of.  these,  at  least,  may  be  preserved.  The 
ladies  also  were  not  unrepresented,  as  a  fair  proportion  were  on 
board,  ready  to  cheer  for  our  victorious  athletes  in  the  Stock- 
holm stadium.  Below,  is  a  complete  list  of  those  who  made 
this  never-to-be-forgotten  voyage  on  the  good  ship  Finland  r 


LIST  OF  PASSENGERS. 


Mr.  Benj.  W.  Adams 

Sergt.  H.  L.  Adams 

Mr.  Platt  Adams 

Mr.   Francis  P.  Albertanti 

Mr.  Fred  W.  Allen 

Capt.  Edward   L.  Anderson 

Mr.   Lewis  R.  Anderson 

Mr.  Harry  S.  Babcock 

Miss  Baker 

Ensign  H.  T.  Bartlett  ' 

Mr.  John  Becht 

Mr.  Edw.  I.  Beeson 

Mr.  S.  H.  Bellah 

Mr.  F.  V.  Belote 

Mr.  Tel  S.   Berna 

Mr.  John  A.  Biller 

Mr.   Vaughn  S.  Blanchard 

Mr.  George  V.  Bohhag 

Dr.  F.  N.  Bonine 


Mr.   William  L.  Bowman 
Mrs.  Bowman 
Mr.    Eugene  Boyd 
Mr.  Lawrence  D.   Bragg 
Dr.   Scott  D.   Breckinridge 
Mr.  George  H.  Breed 
Mr.  Edward  T.  Brennan 
Mr.  C.   E.  Brickley 
Capt.  Allan  L.  Briggs 
Mrs.  Allan  L.  Briggs 
Mr.  George  V.  Brown 
Mr.  Avery  Brundage 
Mrs.  Brundage 
Mr.  H.  E.  Buermeyer 
Mrs.  Buermeyer 
Capt.  C.  L.  Burdette 
Mr.  Jervis  W.  Burdick 
Mr.  Edward  R.  Bushnell 
Mr.  R.  L.  Byrd 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


47 


Mr.  David  S.  Caldwell 

Mr.  John  R.  Case 

Mr.  Clarence  C.  Childs 

Mr.  George  A.  Chisholm 

Mr.  Carl  C.  Cooke 

Mr.  Alfred  R.  Conkling 


Mr.  J.  Ira  Courtney 
r.  Frank  J.  Coyle 
Mr.  Ralph  C.  Craig 


M 


Mr.    Alfred   H.   Curtis 

Mrs.  Curtis 

Miss  Helen  Curtis 

Miss  Maurine  Curtis 

Prof.  J.  L.   Dungey 

Mr.  Ira  N.   Davenport 

Mr.  Martin  A.  Delaney 

Mrs.   Delaney 

Mr.  Clarence  H.   De  Mar 

Mr.  John  A.  Dietz 

Mr.  P.  J.   Dolfen 

Mr.  J.  J.  Donahue 

Mrs.  Donahue 

Mr.  Howard  P.   Drew 

Mr.  Gordon  B.  Dukes 

Mr.  James  H.   Duncan 

Mr.  Martin  T.   Durkin 

Mr.  Clarence  S.  Edmundson 

Mr.  John  J.   Eller 

Mr.  Harold  B.  Enright 

Mr.   Egon  R.   Erickson 

Mr.  Joseph  Erxleben 

Mr.  Eberhard  Faber 

Mrs.   Faber 

Mr.  Terence  Farley 

Mrs.  Farley 

Mr.  Edw.  L.  Farrell 

Mr.   Daniel  J.   Ferris 

Mr.  Edw.  J.   Fitzgerald 

Mr.  Forrest  Fletcher 

Mr.  Joseph  Forshaw,  Jr. 

Miss  Lucille  Forshaw 

Lieut.   Col.  Fredk.   S.   Foltz 

Mrs.  Foltz 

Mr.  W.  H.  Fritz,  Jr. 

Mr.  George  W.  Gaidzik 

Mr.  John  J.  Gallagher,  Jr. 

Miss  Dorothy  Garrison 

Miss  Eulalia  Garrison 

Mr.  Thomas  Gavin 

Mr.  P.  C.  Gerhardt 

Dr.  John  Ernest  Gignoux 

Mr.   Simon  P.  Gillis 

Mr.  Leo.  Goehring 

Mr.  L.  B.  Goodwin 

Lieut.  E.  F.  Graham 

Sterling  E.  Graham 

Mr.  Harry  J.  Grumpelt 

Mr.  Albert  L.  Gutterson 

Mr.   Sherman  Hall 

Mr.  John  J.   Hallahan 

Mr.  Thomas  J.  Halpin 

Mr.  M.  P.  Haloin 


Dr.  Graeme  H.  Hammond 

Mrs.  Hammond 

Miss  Helen  Hammond 

Miss  Martha  M.  Hanan  — , 

Mr.  Eugene  Hart 

Mr.  Charles  A.  S.  Hatfield 

Mr.   Martin  N.  Hawkins 

Mr.  William  Hayward 

Mr.  H.  J.   Hehner 

Mr.  Harold  W.  Heiland 

Mr.  Harry  H.  Hellawell 

Mr.  Oscar  F.  Hedlund 

Capt.  Guy  V.  Henry 

Mrs.   Henry,   Nurse  and   Infant 

Mr.   Donald  Grant  Herring 

Mrs.  Herring 

Capt.  Fred  S.  Hird 

Mr.  Harold  B.   Haff 

Mr.  Harland  W.  Hplden 

Mr.  George  L.  Horine 

Mr.  Kenneth  Huszagh 

Mr.  Frank  C.   Irons 

bergt.  John  E.  Jackson 

Mr.  John  O.  Johnstone 

Lieut.  Albert  S.  Jones 

Miss  Jones 

Mr.  John  Paul  Jones 

Duke  Kahanamoku 

Mr.  Frederick  H.   Kaiser 

Mr.  Fred  W.  Kelly 

Mr.  James  Kinlock 

Mr.  Abel  R.  Kiviat 

Mr.  Ernest  Kockler 

Mr.   Joseph  Kopsky 

Mr.  William  J.  Kramer 

Mr.  Paul  Krimmel 

Mr.  Al.  Kruschel 

Mr.  A.  P.  Lane 

Lieut.  Com.  Harris  Laning 

Lieut.  M.  W.  Larimer 

Lieut.  Ben  Lear,  Jr. 

Mrs.  Ben  Lear 

Sergt.  William  H.   Leushner 

Lieut.  Col.  William   Libbey 

Mr.  Thomas  H.  Lilley 

Mr.   Edward  F.   Lindberg 

Mr.   Donald  F.  Lippincott 

Mr.  Alvin  Loftes 

Mr.  Thomas  Loughran 

Mr.  Arthur  McAleenan 

Mrs.   McAleenan 

Mr.   Kenneth   McAleenan 

Mr.  Henry  McAleenan 

Miss  Rita  McAleenan  and  Maid 

Mr.  Arthur  McAleenan,  Jr. 

Mr.  Walter  McClure 

Mr.  Wallace  M.  McCurdy 

Mr.  M.   McDermott 

Dr.  W.  Neil  McDonnell 

Mr.  Patrick  McDonald 

Mr.  Perry  McGillivray 

iVir.  Matthew  J.  McGrath 


48 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY. 


SOLEMN    OPENING    OF    OLYMPIC 

The  Athletes  of  All  Nations  Assembled  in  the  Stadium,  at  Attention, 


Mr.   Duncan  M.   McLean 

Mr.  John  A.  McLoughlin 

Mr.   Louis  C.  Madeira,  3rd 

Mr.  H.  F.  Maguire 

Mr.  W.   C.  Martin 

Mr.  Frank  Meissner 

Mr.  James  A.   Menaul 

Mr.  James  E.   Meredith 

Mr.  Eugene  R.   Mercer 

Mr.  Alvah  T.  Meyer 

Mr.  James  S.  Mitchel 

Lieut.  Jno.   Carter  Montgomery 

Mrs.  Montgomery 

Miss  Montgomery 

Nurse  and  Infant 
Mr.  A.  M.  Mucks 
Mr.   Emil  J.   Muller 
Mr.  Frank  D.   Murphy 
Mr.  M.  C.   Murphy 
Miss  Murphy 
Mr.  James  Nasson 
Mrs.   E.  H.  Nelson 
Miss  Nelson 
Mr.  Frank  T.   Nelson 
Mr.   Nicholas  T.   Nerich 
Miss  Katherine  Newman 
Mr.   John  P.  Nicholson 
Mr.   Wesley  M.   Oler,  Jr. 
Lieut.  C.  T.  Osburn 


Mr.  N.  J;  Patterson 

Mr.  George  S.  Patton 

Mrs.  Patton 

Lieut.  George  S.  Patton,  Jr. 

Mrs.  George    S.  Patton,  Jr. 

Miss  Patton 

Mr.  Theo.  Roosevelt  Pell 

Mrs.  Pell 

Mr.  Allan  M.   Penfield 

Mr.  George  W.   Philbrook 

Mr.  George  L.  Pierce 

Mr.   Richard  F.  Piggott 

Mr.  Jesse  Pike 

Mr.  Paul  H.   Pilgrim 

Mr.   Albertson   Van  Zo  Post 

Mr.   Edwin  M.   Pritchard 

Mr.   Herbert  N.  Putnam 

Lieut.  Harold  M.  Rayner 

Mr.  Charles  D.   Reidpath 

Mr.   Tames  H.  Reilly 

Mr.  E.  Renz 

Mr.  G.  W.   Retzer 

Mr.   Howard  G.  Reynolds 

Mr.   John  J.    Reynolds 

Mr.  Charles  W.   Rice 

Mr.   Leslie  B.   Rich 

Mr.   Aimer  W.   Richards 

Mr.   Lawson   Robertson 

Mr.  Hans  Roedder 


Sl'ALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


49 


3AMES.  STOCKHOLM,  SWEDEN,  1912 

is  His  Majesty  King  Gustave  V.  Declared  the  Fifth  Olympiad  Opened 


Mr.  Ralph  W.  Rose 

Mr.  James  M.  Rosenberger 

Mr.  Thomas   Russell 

Mr.  Michael  J.  Ryan 

Miss  Ruth  Sands 

Mr.  Alfred  Ernest  Sauer 

Dr.  Reginald  H.   Sayre 

Mr.  H.   B.   Scharman 

Mr.  Carl  Schutte 

Mr.   Samuel  Schwartz 

Mr.  Henry  Louis  Scott 

Dr.  Henry  E.   Sears 

Mr.  Wm.   Edward  Seybel 

Miss  Mary   Seybel 

Mr.  Melvin  W.   Sheppard 

Mr.  W.  G.   Shepherd 

Mr.  Andrew  Sockalexis 

Mr.  A.  N.   Smith 

Mr.  Harry  J.   Smith 

Dr.  Raymond  Spear 

Mr.  W.  A.   Sprout 

Mr.   D.  M.   Stern 

Mr.  Jerome  Steinert 

Mr.  Gaston  Strobino 

Mr.  W.  C.   Stroud 

Mr.  James  E.   Sullivan 

Mr.  Jphn  J.    Sweeney 

Mr.  Norman  S.  Taber 

Mr.  Louis  Tewanima 


Mr.  Rupert  B.  Thomas 

Col.  Robert  M.  Thompson 

Miss  Ruth  Thompson 

Mr.  James  Thorpe 

Mr.  J.   F.  Turrill 

Mr.  James  Twohig 

Mr.  H.   V.   Valentine 

Mrs.   Valentine 

Mr.  Alfred  Voellmeke 

Mr.  Otto  Wahle 

Adm.    Richard    W.    Wainwright 

Mrs.   Wainwright 

Mr.  Phil  Ware 

Mr.  Charles  Warke 

Mr.  Glenn   S.  Warner 

Mr.  James  Wendell 

Mrs.   Eustace  Wheeler 

Mr.  P.   M.  Whelan 

Mr.  Lawrence  A.   Whitney 

Major  Charles  E.  Whitney 

Mr.  Clement  P.   Wilson     " 

Miss  Julia  Wood 

Mr..  George  S.   Woolley 

Mr.  Harry   T.  Worth ington 

Mr.  George  Wright 

Mr.   Marc  S.  Wright 

Mr.  Garnett  M.   Wikofif 

Mr.  Donnell  B.  Young 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  51 

If  anything  had  happened  to  Trainer  Murphy  there  was  an 
abundance  of  material  in  the  way  of  professional  trainers  on 
board,  Lawson  Robertson,  of  the  Irish-American  Athletic  Club 
of  New  York,  being  the  most  prominent.  An  old-time  amateur 
champion  athlete  himself  and  a  member  of  two  previous  Ameri- 
can Olympic  teams,  he  has  undoubtedly  brought  out  more  cham- 
pions in  his  short  career  as  a  professional  trainer  than  any  other 
trainer  of  the  present  day;  "Bill"  Hayward,  famous  on  the 
Pacific  Coast;  big,  good-natured  Glenn  Warner,  the  Carlisle 
Indian  School  coach,  who  accompanied  Louis  Tewanima  and 
Jim  Thorpe;  Martin  Delaney  of  Chicago;  James  Kinlock  of 
South  Paterson,  N.  J.,  and  A.  H.  Smith  of  the  University  of 
Maine,  who  was  particularly  anxious  to  watch  over  and  look 
out  for  the  interests,  of  the  young  Indian,  Sockalexis,  and  was 
sent  abroad  especially  for  that  object. 

That  the  newspapers  and  news  gathering  agencies  of  the 
United  States  appreciated  the  importance  of  the  Olympic  Games 
and  the  interest  displayed  in  the  performances  of  the  American 
athletes  will- be  thoroughly  understood  from  the  representative 
list  of  newspaper  correspondents  on  board  the  Finland,  some 
of  the  best  men  in  America  at  their  specialty  being  assigned  to 
report  the  daily  happenings,  were  to  be  found,  among  them 
being  James  S.  Mitchel,  of  the  New  York  Herald,  the  dean  of 
the  profession,  also  an  ex-Olympian  of  the  Athens  trip,  at  one 
time  the  world's  greatest  weight  thrower,  and  a  man  who  has 
won  more  championships  probably  than  any  dozen  men  aboard  ; 
John  Hallahan  of  the  Boston  Globe,  ever  popular;  Reynolds  of 
the  Boston  Post ;  Whelan,  a  free  lance  doing  work  for  the  New 
York  Sun;  Brennan  of  the  American  Press  Association;  Howard 
Valentine  of  the  New  York  Globe;  F.  P.  Albertanti  ("Francis") 
of  the  New  York  Evening  Mail,  a  general  favorite.  Last,  but  not 
least,  was  W.  G.  Shepherd  of  the  United  Press  Association.  Mr. 
Shepherd  has  covered  all  sorts  of  important  events,  not  only  in 
the  United  States  but  all  over  the  world,  and  naturally  his  nar- 
ratives of  his  experiences  were  many  and  fascinating. 

Then  there  was  the  photographic  staff.  One  would  think  it 
was  an  expedition  to  the  North  Pole  or  that  a  world-deciding  bat- 
tle was  to  be  fought,  so  many  cameras  were  in  commission.  The 
American  Press  Association,  the  International  News  Service  and 
the  United  Press  Association  were  represented  professionally,  as 
were  several  of  the  newspapers,  besides  which  were  the  many 
amateurs  intent  on  getting  pictorial  reminiscences  of  this  event- 
ful trip.  The  American  Sports  Publishing  Company  had  its 
special  photographer  on  board  and  many  of  the  photographs 
in  this  bgok  are  by  him. 


SPALDING'S     ATHLETIC    LIBRARY..  53 


THE  STADIUM 


The  Stadium  is  built  of  grey-violet  Swedish  brick  and 
undressed  granite.  The  plan  shows  a  typical  amphitheater  in  the 
form  of  a  horseshoe  magnet,  only  the  arena  being  open  to  the 
sky.  The  two  arms  of  the  building  rest  against  the  rocky  slope 
at  the  north,  being  there  built  into  the  hill  by  means  of  two 
watch  towers,  behind  which  lie  the  administrative  buildings  on 
the  flanks  of  the  sloping  background.  This  slope  is  crowned  by 
an  arcade  which  completes  the  frame  of  the  arena  and  the 
united  buildings  at  the  flanks.  Under  the  amphitheater  and  along 
the  corridor  there  are  arranged  the  royal  foyer,  all  the  dressing- 
rooms,  shower-baths,  and  toilet-rooms  for  the  athletes,  the 
luncheon  kitchen,  the  promenade  arcades,  etc.  The  seats  in  the 
amphitheater  can  be  reached  only  from  the  outer  promenade  by 
means  of  twelve  staircases  each  of  which  leads  to  the  center  of 
a  section  of  the  amphitheater.  Admission  to  the  interior  com- 
peting fields  is  gained  through  four  portals,  one  at  the  southern 
end,  distinguished  by  two  octagonal  entrance  towers ;  one  in  the 
middle  of  the  northern  arcade,  and  one  at  each  of  the  eastern 
and  western  watch  towers.  Admission  to  the  park  is  gained  by 
three  groups  of  entrances  for  the  amphitheater  and  one  for  each 
half  of  the  northern  slope. 

The  arena  contains  a  foot  ball  field,  places  for  the  jumping 
and  throwing  competitions,  and  around  all  these,  a  running  track, 
the  inner  circumference  of  which  measures  383  meters.  During 
the  winter  the  arena  can  be  used  as  a  skating  rink. 

The  composition  of  the  building  is  a  modern,  independent, 
organic  development  of  early  mediaeval  Swedish  architecture. 
Round  the  southern  end  runs  an  outer,  open  arcade,  looking 
towards  the  park.  Its  contrefort  is  crowned  by  granite  blocks 
intended  for  sculptur.ed  figures,  a  cyclus  of  thirty  erect  figures 
,  in  life  size.  The  eight  sidewalks  are  flanked  in  pairs  by  similar 
blocks.  On  the  great  eastern  tower  there  is  an  immense  block 
of  black  hammered  iron,  with  two  granite  figures  representing 
the  first  pair  of  human  beings  belonging  to  northern  mythology, 
Ask  and  Embla. 

The  Stadium  will  become  a  center  for  northern  athletics  and 
it  will  also  be  a  forum  for  open-air  festivities  of  every  kind. 
As  its  acoustic  properties  are  excellent  it  will  be  possible  to  have 
choir-festivals,  public  meetings  and  open-air  theatrical  represen- 
tations there. 


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SFALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  55 


THE  FIFTH  OLYMPIAD 

BY  JAMES  E.  SULLIVAN,  OLYMPIC  COMMISSIONER 

The  real  feature,  of  course,  of  the  Olympic  Games,  no  mat- 
ter where  held,  is  the  track  and  field  events  that  take  place  in 
the  Stadium.  It  is  true  that  in  whatever  country  an  Olympiad 
has  been  sanctioned,  events  have  been  added  to  the  programme 
to  make  it  as  attractive  as  possible,  and  also  to  lengthen  it  so 
that  it  will  extend  over  a  certain  period,  but  that  part  in  which 
the  greatest  interest  is  taken  and  upon  which  the  eyes  of  the 
world  are  focused  is  the  track  and  field  events,  without  which 
the  Olympic  Games  would  be  a  dismal  failure.  This  is  not 
only  true  of  Stockholm  but  also  of  Athens,  Paris,  St.  Louis  and 
London. 

When  the  announcement  was  made  that  the  Fifth  Olympiad 
would  take  place  at  Stockholm  those  of  us  who  had  more  or 
less  intercourse  with  the  Swedes  at  the  Olympic  Games  held  in 
1904,  1906  and  1908  realized  that  they  would  do  something  out 
of  the  ordinary,  and  they  did.  The  Stadium  was  erected  at  a 
very  large  expenditure  and  was  as  near  perfect  as  one  could 
expect.  It  has  a  seating  capacity  of  27,000,  and  is  well  con- 
structed, although  from  an  athletic  standpoint  it  could  have  been 
better  planned,  .  In  its  arrangement  it  is  doubtful  if  there 
ever  has  been  a  Stadium  so  complete,  and  a  standard  has  been 
set  by  the  Swedes  that  will  be  hard  for  other  nations  to  surpass 
insofar  as  it  pertains  to  Stadium  construction.  One  fault, 
however,  in  the  Stadium  at  Stockholm  that  should  be  remedied: 
in  the  construction  of  future  athletic  plants  was  the  necessity 
of  running  the  200  meter  dash  in  lanes  around  one  turn  and 
running  the  400  meter  race  around  a  path  with  two  turns.  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  in  future  the  quarter-milers  will  be  given  a 
chance  to  run  their  favorite  race  with  a  straightaway  of  at 
least  250  yards — a  turn  and  a  full  straightaway  to  the  finish — 
somewhat  on  the  lines  of  those  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Harvard,  Yale  and  other  places.  Nevertheless,  it  must  ' 
be  admitted  that  if  there  ever  was  an  athletic  plant  as  nearly 
perfect  as  human  skill  could  make  it,  that  plant  was  at  Stock- 
holm, and  no  matter  how  critical  one  may  be,  it  must  be  con- 
ceded that  the  Stadium  was  most  complete  and  reflects  great 
credit  on  the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee.  Sweden,  through 
its  athletic  officials  and  competitors,  has  been  preparing  for 
the  Olympic  Games  for  some  years-  At  Athens,  Paris,  St. 
Louis  and  London  they  were  in  evidence,  and  from  their  atten- 


OLYMPIC'  GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Three  American  Flags  raised  in  the  Stadium  when  American  athletes  scored 
first,  second  and  third  in  100  Meters,  800  Meters,  16-lb.  Shot,  110  Meters. 
Hurdle,  and  Pole  Vault. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  57 

tion   to   every   detail   it  was   apparent   that   when   the   time    came\ 
to   hold  the   Olympic  Games  in   Stockholm   something  would  be  \ 
done  that  would  please  the  entire  athletic  universe.     The  Swedes 
are  sportsmen  of  the  true  type. 

Much  has  been  written  in  relation  to  the  organization  of  the 
Olympic  Games  and  how  the  privilege  comes  to  each  country 
to  hold  them,  but  that  is  merely  organization.  The  Swedish 
Olympic  Committee,  having  been  accorded  the  privilege  of 
holding  the  Fifth  Olympiad  with  absolute  power  to  name  the 
events  and  the  officials  and  make  the  rules,  did  so.  No  one 
criticized  the  committee  for  taking  over  the  games  under  such 
conditions.  Nevertheless  I  feel  firmly  convinced  that  if  the 
Olympic  Games  are  to  be  perpetuated  each  and  every  country 
that  furnishes  the  contestants  will  have  to  be  consulted  in  re- 
lation to  the  rules  and  events,  and  the  International  Committee, 
if  it  is  to  have  any  longer  life,  shall  decide.  If  the  committee, 
will  make  the  rules  and  decide  on  the  events  to  be  contested, 
and  at  once,  the  entire  athletic  world  will  accept  its  decision  as 
final.  But  if  the  committee  is  going  to  Berlin  in  1916  ^uncer- 
tain as  to  rules  and  events,  it  is  inevitable  that  the  countries 
that  furnish  the  contestants  will  lose  interest.  This  is  no 
criticism  of  the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee  or  of  those  who 
worked  so  hard  to  make  the  Olympic  Games  of  1912  a  success, 
as  nearly  all  countries  knew  in  advance  what  events  v\f,ould  be 
contested  and  what  rules  would  prevail.  They  took. them,  sent 
their  teams  to  compete,  and  have  a  perfect  right  to  criticize 
and  make  suggestions  for  the  betterments  of  future  contests. 

As  to  officials,  there  is  no  reason  wh^  ^all  of  the  officials 
should  come  from  one  country.  No  matter  where  the  games 
are  held,  each  country  that  has  representation  should  have 
officials  on  the  field.  There  should  be  that  fellowship  on  the  , 
field  that  is  not  there  at  present,  and  never  Has ;  been  there. 
If  there  is  to  be  an  international  jury  why  should  it  be  tfiere 
in  name  only,  with  the  members  seated  so  far  away  from  the 
scene  of  action  that  they  could  never  decide  intelligently  any 
protest  that  might  arise?  If  there  is  to  be  an  international 
jury  its  members  should  be  at  the  track  and  on  the  field  near 
the  competitions. 

We  have  some  perfectly  equipped  athletic  plants  in  the  United 
States,  there  are  some  in  England,  and  Athens  was  well  nigh 
perfection,  but  never  before  have  we  had  such  a  field  as  the 
Swedes  presented  to  the  athletes  of  the  world  during  the  month 
of  July,  1912.  There  was  a  running  track  second  to  none,  jump- 
ing pits,  and  every  necessity  anticipated,  competent  officials  were 
in  charge,  assisted  by  a  well  drilled  force  of  ^attendants  to  see 
that  any  requests  of  the  contestants  were  carried  out.  The 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

His  Royal   Highness  Crown  Prince  Gustave  Adolphe,   who  presented   the   third 
prizes  to  the  athletes. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  59 

judging  of  the  events  was  without  question,  and  it  must  be 
remembered  that  the  Swedes  had  had  very  little  experience  in 
international  or  other  large  athletic  meetings. 

The  official  starter  covered  himself  with  glory  when  one  con- 
siders that  he  undertook  to  fill  that  arduous  position  under 
rules  that  would  worry  even  the  most  expert. 

When  the  announcement  was  made  in  this  country  that  there 
was  to  be  no  penalty  for  a  false  start  it  was  received  with  a 
feeling  of  apprehension.  The  rules  were  construed  to  mean 
that  if  a  man  broke  away  and  stole  a  couple  of  yards  on  the 
starter  it  would  be  a  start.  However,  that  was  really  not  the 
case.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  if  a  contestant  did  beat  the  gun 
and  get  away,  an  official  blew  a  whistle  and  the  men  were 
compelled  to  come  back.  There  was  no  penalty.  When  the 
facts  were  explained  to  our  sprinters  and  they  saw  personally 
how  the  matter  worked  out,  many  of  them  were  inclined  to  favor 
that  method  of  starting,  for  in  this  country,  if  there  is  a  bad 
start,  our  rules  do  not  permit  a  recall,  with  the  result  that, 
in  many  cases,  particula-rly  in  handicap  races,  one  contestant 
sometimes  receives  an  advantage  to  which  he  is  not  entitled- 
It  would  be  a  good  thing  to  have  a  uniform  rule  on  starting. 
If  the  start  is*  an  unfair  one,  allow  the  starter  to  recall  the 
contestants  and  start  over,  but  penalize  the  offender  or  offenders. 
In  my  opinion,  with  many  years  of  attendance  at  athletic  events, 
the  Swedish  starter  acquitted  himself  most  creditably.  Very  few 
of  the  final  heats  that  he  sent  away  were  subject  to  comment, 
and  when  a  man  can  do  that  under  such  trying  rules  it  proves 
that  he  must  be  very  competent  and  should  receive  the  com- 
mendation of  all.  

Electrical  timing  apparatus  in  connection  with  instantaneous 
photography  at  the  finish  was,  to  a  certain  extent,  a  step  for- 
ward, but  it  is  doubtful  if  it  served  the  purpose.  So  long  as 
the  human  agency  enters  into  the  decision,  there  will  always 
be  a  doubt  in  the  minds  of  onlookers  where  a  close  race  has  been 
run.  It  was  said  that  the  photograph  taken  at  the  finish  of  each 
race  from  the  high  platform  was  snapped  by  hand,  same  as  with 
any  ordinary  camera.  This  could  be  improved  by  attaching  an 
electrical  apparatus  to  the  end  of  the  finish  tape,  and  when  the 
man  broke  the  tape  it  would  snap  the  camera.  In  the  electrical 
timing  and  starting,  the  system  was  far  behind  that  used  by  the 
A.A.U.  at  St.  Louis  in  1891.  At  the  latter  city,  when  the 
starter  fired  his  gun,  it  started  the  watch  at  the  finish  and  when 
the  winner  hit  the  tape  the  watch  stopped  and  recorded  the 
winner's  time.  In  Stockholm  the  watch  was  started  the  same  as 
in  St.  Louis,  but  as  the  winner  crossed  the  finish,  one  of  the 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARr."  61 

officials  would  press  a  button  which  would  stop  the  watch,  there- 
fore leaving  the  decision  to  the  judgment  of  one  official.  The 
Swedes  could  have  made  the  timing  system  absolutely  perfect  if 
they  had  followed  the  St.  Louis  system  of  1891  and  improved  it 
by  having  a  separate  finish  tape  in  each  lane  which  would  record 
the  time  of  each  as  he  finished.  In  this  way  the  apparatus  would 
not  only  act  as  a  timer,  but  positively  decide  in  what  position 
each  man  finished. 

The  events  themselves  produced  some  of  the  most  remarkable 
racing  ever  witnessed  in  international  competition.  The  fields 
of  starters  were  larger  than  ever.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the 
total  number  of  entries  in  the  Olympic  Games  went  away  beyond 
expectation,  over  four  thousand  athletes  having  entered,  nearly 
four  times  the  number  at  Athens  in  1906. 

As  usual  the  contests  produced  several  athletic  wonders  who 
will  go  down  in  athletic  history.  As  in  all  previous  Olympic 
Games,  the  athletes  from  the  United  States  showed  their  superi- 
ority. In  1896,  at  Athens;  in  1900,  at  Paris;  at  St.  Louis  in  1904; 
at  Athens,  1906,  and  at  London  four  years  ago  the  American  run- 
ners, ;  jumpers  and  weight  throwers  clearly  demonstrated  their 
superiority.  It  was  immaterial  whether  the  American  repre- 
sentation was  large  or  small,  when  the  final  computation  was 
made  it  was  found  that  the  men  carrying  the  Stars  and  Stripes 
had  excelled,  and  the  meeting  at  Stockholm  this  year  was  no 
different  from  the  ones  that  preceded.  Nevertheless,  in  the 
games  of  1912  other  countries  furnished  some  surprises  and 
some  athletic  wonders,  and  what  Berlin  may  develop  in  1916 
time  alone  will  tell. 

To  describe  the  performance  of  each  man  is  of  course  out 
of  the  question  in  a  work  like  the  present  volume  and  during 
the  Olympic  period  at  Stockholm  so  many  sensational  races 
were  contested  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  go  into  details 
of  any  one  particular  performance  without  having  to  slight  an- 
other of  almost  equal  importance. 


To  have  been  an  official  part  of  an  expedition  like  the  Ameri- 
can invasion  of  Sweden  in  1912,  means  something  to  one  deeply 
interested  in  the  outcome  and  it  is  doubtful  if  the  average 
person  only  casually  interested  in  athletics  can  thoroughly  ap- 
preciate the  feeling — how  it  affects  one — the  nervous  strain.  For 
months  you  have  been  planning ;  attending  to  the  thousand  and 
one  details  that  arise,  wondering  how  many  the  finances  will 
permit  to  comprise  the  team,  finally  the  selection,  and  then 
to  have  all  questions  answered,  sometimes  in  seconds  and  other 
times  in  minutes — with  always  the  possibility  of  the  wrong  answer. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  62 

When  the  day  of  the  "solemn  opening"  at  last  has  arrived 
the  Stadium  rilled  to  its  capacity  and  the  Royal  Family  in 
their  places  in  the  state  box,  the  band  and  the  athletes  of  all 
nations  file  in  and  assemble  on  the  field  facing  the  celebrities, 
the  International  Committee  solemnly  walk  before  the  royal 
box  and  the  President  steps  forward  and  delivers  his  address. 
The  Crown  Prince  then  delivers  an  address  to  the  King  and 
His  Majesty  answers  and  declares  the  Olympic  Games  opened. 
There  is  something  about  it  all  that  is  beyond  definition,  particu- 
larly in  this  country  of  ours,  where  athletic  meetings  are  con- 
sidered "hurly-burly"  affairs.  Then  when  all  is  quiet  again, 
the  clerk  of  the  course  calls,  "all  out  for  the  hundred,"  and 
the  games  are  on.  If  you  are  interested,  you  are  then  under  a 
strain  that  words  can  hardly  explain.  The  hundred  is  under 
way — heats,  and  semi-finals — and  some  of  those  that  you  expected 
to  figure  in  the  final  heats  are  eliminated  and  the  unexpected 
happens. 

At  Stockholm  the  United  States  athletes  came  through  with 
precision  and  when  the  final  heat  of  the  "100"  was  reached 
America  had  five  out  of  the  six  starters,  the  only  "outsider" 
being  Patching,  the  phenomenal  sprinter  from  South  Africa. 
Only  four  of  the  five  sprinters  started  in  the  final,  however,  as 
Drew,  who  many  expected  to  win  the  race,  was  unable  to  con- 
tinue on  account  of  a  strained  tendon. 

When  the  five  starters  went  to  the  mark  for  the  final  it  was 
regretted  by  all  of  the  American  contingent  that  there  was  no 
penalty  for  a  false  start-  The  statement  has  been  made  that 
the  American  athletes  purposely  broke  away  from  the  barrier  to 
upset  Patching.  That  statement  is  absolutely  false.  As  a  mat- 
ter of  fact,  this  method  of  starting  took  a  lot  out  of  our  boys. 
When  our  athletes  took  their  marks  the  "team"  was  eliminated  ; 
each  man  was  there  to  win  and  to  grasp  the  laurel  wreath 
that  represented  the  sprinting  superiority  of  the  world.  Each 
one  was  extremely  nervous,  keyed  to  the  highest  tension,  and 
realizing  that  a  lost  fraction  of  a  second  meant  defeat.  This  was 
the  sole  reason  for  the  many  false  starts  in  the  final  heat  of  the 
"100."  The  fact  that  the  American  athletes  scored  one — two — three 
in  the  sprint  showed  that  we  easily  surpass  the  world  in  that 
department. 

We  must  all  acknowledge  the  wonderful  sprinting  ability  of 
Ralph  Craig,  formerly  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  in  his 
college  days  the  greatest  sprinter  we  had.  He  equalled  several 
world's  records  during  his  college  career.  Craig  was  out  of 
the  game  for  a  long  time  and  many  believed  that  he  could  never 
come  back  and  run  anywhere  near  his  old  form.  He  did  come 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  65 

back,  however,  and  his  winning  of  both  the  100  and  200  meter 
races  at  Stockholm  were  two  great  performances. 

The  running  of  Lippincott  in  the  sprints  was  a  revelation. 
Lippincott  was  a  freshman  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
in  1911  and  ran  a  few  good  races  for  the  Red  and  Blue.  The 
team  selection  committee  of  the  American  Olympic  Committee 
had  great  faith  in  him,  and  although  his  performances  on  this 
side  of  the  water  did  not  warrant  his  selection  on  the  first  list, 
the  committee  felt  that  perhaps  he  might  come  around  and 
named  him  on  the  supplementary  list.  The  wisdom  of  this  was 
proven  by  his  being  placed  in  both  the  100  and  200  meter  races. 


Volumes  could  be  written,  if  one  wanted  to  specialize,  on  the 
heats  and  finals  of  the  400,  800  and  1500  meter  races.  Each  and 
every  day  the  heats  and  finals  furnished  some  phenomenal  racing. 
To  many  the  sensational  feature  and  the  most  thrilling  race 
of  the  Olympic  Games  was  the  800  meter,  which  is  a  little  short 
of  a  half  mile.  In  this  race  the  world's  greatest  half-milers 
toed  the  mark.  The  race  was  exciting  from  beginning  to  end 
and  the  finish  will  never  be  forgotten.  It  brought  to  light  a 
new  world's  record  holder  in  "Ted"  Meredith,  the  great  middle 
distance  runner  from  Mercersburg  Academy.  Meredith's  record 
had  preceded  him  to  Stockholm,  his  performances  as  a  school- 
boy being  well  known.  The  form  he  showed  in  the  quarter 
and  half  mile  events  in  scholastic  games  had  earned  him  a 
place  on  the  team,  but  many  athletic  experts  felt  that  the  old 
timers,  of  the  type  of  Sheppard  and  Davenport,  at  the  critical 
moment  would  outgeneral  the  youngster.  In  this  they  were 
wrong.  Meredith  won  in  a  blanket  finish  with  Sheppard  and 
Davenport.  Meredith  not  only  won  the  world's  championship, 
but  he  made  a  new  Olympic  record  for  the  800  meters  and 
a  new  world's  record  for  the  half  mile.  Here  we  have  a 
schoolboy,  one  who  at  the  time  of  the  last  Olympic  Games  had 
not  yet  entered  college,  winning  the  world's  championship  and 
grasping  the  much  coveted  half  mile  record.  That  certainly  is 
glory  enough  for  one  day.  Then,  to  make  everything  even, 
a  couple  of  days  later,  in  his  trial  heat  of  the  400  meter,  he 
broke  the  Olympic  record  for  the  distance. 

Reidpath,  that  sterling  quarter-miler,  who  during  the  year  1912 
added  to  his  record  the  fastest  quarter  mile  performance  ever 
made  in  college  competition,  having  run  the  distance  in  48 
seconds  flat,  won  the  400  meter  championship  from  Braun,  that 
gritty  quarter  and  half  mile  representative  of  Germany,  but 
only  after  one  of  the  greatest  400  meter  races  ever  seen  in 
the  world. 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM,  SWEDEN,  1912. 
James  Thorpe,  the  world's  greatest  all-round  athlete ;  winner  of  Pentathlon  and 

Decathlon, 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  67 

Thanks  to  the  persistence  of  the  American  Olympic  Commit- 
tee members  present,  the  quarter  mile  final  at  Stockholm  was 
contested  in  lanes.  It  was  hardly  necessary,  but  owing  to  the 
feeling  that  had  been  created  in  connection  with  the  games  at 
Stockholm,  where  the  impression  had  got  abroad  that  when  one 
man  started  in  a  race  against  five  from  another  country,  the 
five  would  outgeneral  the  one,  the  committee  felt  that  the 
only  fair  way  would  be  to  have  lanes  and  let  the  best  man  win. 

The  efforts  of  the  American  Committee  to  convince  the 
Swedish  Committee  that  lanes  would  be  the  only  solution  of  the 
problem  was  long  but  fruitless.  After  two  days  the  American 
Committee  was  overruled  and  the  Swedish  Committee  decided 
that  there  would  be  no  lanes.  Nevertheless,  the  American  Com- 
mittee insisted  that  if  there  was  to  be  a  fair  race  without  criticism 
it  should  be  run  in  lanes.  At  the  last  minute  the  Swedish  Com- 
mittee acquiesced  and  the  final  heat  of  the  400  meters  was  run 
in  lanes.  Had  this  race  not  been  run  in  lanes,  the  Americans 
would  undoubtedly  have  finished  one — two — three,  instead  of 
first  and  third,  because  our  second  best  man — if  not  our  best — 
Lindberg,  drew  the  outside  lane  and  many  think  it  cost  him  first 
or  second  place.  However,  the  result  was  gratifying  as  it  was, 
the  much-feared  Braun  was  beaten  and  no  one  could  say  that 
he  was  not  given  a  fair  chance. 


The  1500  meter  race  certainly  was  a  sensational  one,  and 
we  must  all  take  our  hats  off  to  that  sterling  British  runner, 
Jackson.  In  athletics,  one  can  safely  trust  the  records.  An 
expert  can  go  over  the  athletic  records  of  a  country  where  there 
is  some  standard  of  time  or  measurement  and  form  a  pretty 
fair  idea  of  what  kind  of  competition  to  expect  at  a  common 
meeting  ground,  such  as  the  Olympic  Games,  unless  a  world's 
wonder  suddenly  leaps  into  prominence,  'which  is  not  usually 
the  case.  The  United  States  had  several  1500  meter  men  with 
records  of  4.15  2/5,  4.16  and  4.18  for  a  mile,  and  should  have 
finished  one — two — three.  Jones,  Kiviat,  Taber  and  Hedlund 
were  old  campaigners,  all  tried  and  true,  and  surely  when  any 
one  suggested  the  mere  possibility  of  Jackson  beating  such  a 
quartette,  he  was  laughed  at.  But  Jackson  did  break  that  com- 
bination, and  I  doubt  if  in  my  thirty-five  years  in  athletics  I 
ever  saw  a  man  run  with  such  rare  good  judgment.  Jackson's 
style  in  his  preliminary  heat  was  impressive,  and  I  watched  him, 
as  I  realized  that  there  was  the  man  our  boys  had  to  beat. 
Jackson  paid  no  attention  to  pace.  He  trailed  the  field  for  the 
greater  part  of  the  distance,  and  only  had  in  mind  his  own  race. 
He  had  his  schedule,  and  he  knew  if  he  could  be  within  striking 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM,  SWEDEN,  1912. 

James  Edward  ("Ted")  Meredith,  winner  of  the  800  Meters  Run,  creating  a 
new  world's  record  for  the  distance.  Time,  1m.  51  9-10s.  Meredith  also 
made  a  new  world's  record  for  the  880  Yards  Run,  Time,  Jm,  52  l-2s, 


•SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  69 

distance  on  the  bell  lap,  he  had  a  sprint  that  few  milers  have, 
one  that  would  bring  him  home  ahead  of  all  others,  and  it  cer- 
tainly did. 

If  the  American  runners  had  ran  the  kind  of  a  race  that 
Jackson  did  perhaps  there  would  have  been  a  different  story 
to  tell  to-day.  Our  boys  watched  one  another.  Kiviat  felt  that  he 
had  to  beat  Jones  and  kept  his  eyes  on  him  all  through  the  race.  ' 
Taber  knew  that  he  had  that  wonderful  finish  that  made  him 
the  sensation  of  the  college  year,  but  none  of  them  ever  expected  ! 
to  have  Jackson  come  up  at  the  critical  moment  and  snatch  the 
honors  from  them.  After  the  excitement  attending  the  race 
had  subsided  I  was  asked  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Williams  of  the  Hearst 
Syndicate  to  describe  it  for  publication  in  the  American  papers, 
and  although  the  contest  has  become  a  matter  of  history,  I  cannot 
do  it  better  now  than  at  the  finish  of  the  race  itself.  The  cable- 
gram was  as  follows  :  , 

"The  1500  meter  has  proved  a  terrible  disappointment.  I  did 
not  think  there  was  a  man  living  who  could  break  up  our  won- 
derful combination — John  Paul  Jones,  Abel  Kiviat,  Norman 
Taber  and  Mel  Sheppard.  All  I  can  say  is  that  the  man  who 
did  beat  them  is  one  of  the  greatest,  brainiest  racers  in  the 
world.  He  should  be  England's  idol.  Although  I  was  sure 
America  would  win  this  event,  the  name  of  Jackson  haunted  me 
ever  since  I  saw  him  in  the  semi-final  heat.  I  marked  his  name  • 
on  my  programme,  unconsciously  selecting  him  as  winner,  as 
is  my  habit  of  doing  after  sizing  up  a  field.  I  realized  all  along 
that  Jackson  was  good.  Yet  not  even  now  will  I  admit  that  he  is 
a  better  man  than  Kiviat.  Kiviat  was  not  in  his  best  form  in 
Sweden.  The  long  voyage  disagreed  with  him.  To  back  up  my 
argument,  I  wish  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  Jackson  did 
not  beat  Kiviat's  record.  That  is  pretty  strong  proof.  But  we 
may  as  well  begin  training  now  against  Jackson  for  the  1500 
meter  in  the  Olympiad  of  1916.  All  of  our  boys  deserve  much 
credit.  John  Paul  Jones  was  not  the  Jones  of  old — I  know  that. 
After  his  semi-final  with  Jackson  I  said  so.  Nobody  believed 
me.  Kiviat  was  handicapped  by  drawing  the  outside  position. 
This  forced  him  to  lose  many  yards  in  getting  the  pole.  Taber 
did  as  well  as  was  to  be  expected.  But  poor  Mel  Sheppard !  ' 
It  cut  me  to  the  heart  to  see  that  grand  old  veteran  go  down  to 
such  a  crushing  defeat.  Yet  he  ran  the  race  he  planned.  At 
the  very  start  he  jumped  to  the  front  and  tried  to  keep  the 
crowd  back  with  a  slow  pace  that  would  leave  him  strong  for  a 
sprint  at  the  finish.  If  Mel  had  had  that  sprint  left  in  him, 
Jackson  could  never  have  caught  him.  Jackson  has  a  tremendous 
springy  stride  and  a  long,  rangy  build,  just  right  for  a  miler. 
He  used  excellent  judgment,  letting  the  others  have  their  own 


OLYMPIC    GAMES   AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

The  three  Americans  that  finished  first,'  second  and  third  in  the  110  Meters 
Hurdle  Race.  F.  W.  Kelly  in  the  center,  winning;  James  I.  Wendell,  second* 
and  M.  W.  Hawkins  on  the  right,  third, 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  ft 

way,  and  lagging  almost  at  the  rear  until  the  last  lap.  Then 
he  shot  out  like  a  racehorse.  The  race  was  cleanly  run.  Four- 
teen starters  are  too  many  in  a  running  event,  yet  I  failed  to 
see  any  jostling.  I  had  talked  long  and  loud  how  I  would  like 
to  see  the  man  who  could  beat  the  American  runners  in  this 
event.  Well,  I  saw." 


Of  course,  the  Olympic  Games  had  its  Craigs.  Reidpaths, 
Merediths  and  Jacksons,  but  there  was  another  contestant,  long 
to  be  remembered,  and  that  is  Hannes  Kolehmainen  of  Finland. 
We,  in  America,  had  heard  of  him,  read  of  him,  and  I  published 
his  picture  in  the  Athletic  Almanac,  but  we  never  expected  that 
he  would  prove  to  be  such  a  wonderful  piece  of  running  machin- 
ery. Kolehmainen  was  really  the  sensation  of  the  Olympic 
Games.  He  ran  heats  in  the  10,000  meter,  stopped,  looked  around 
and  smiled  at  the  second  man.  In  the  final  he  stopped  and 
watched  the  second  man  finish.  In  the  5,ooo  meter  heat  he  walked 
away  as  though  it  was  an  everyday  occurrence.  Then  with 
everyone  speechless  with  amazement  at  his  prodigies,  Kolehmainen 
proceeded  to  win  his  heat  in  the  team  race,  after  which  he  went 
out  and  won  the  cross-country  race,  apparently  without  even 
an  effort.  I  have  been  an  official  at  four  of  the  five  Olympic 
Games  since  their  revival  in  1896,  and  have  seen  all  the  great 
distance  runners  of  America  and  Europe,  and  when  they  ran  one 
hard  race  it  was  all  that  they  wanted  to  run,  but  never  in  my 
life  have  I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  such  a  phenomenal  piece 
of  human  machinery  as  this  representative  of  Finland — to  the 
American  team  a  name  more  nautical  than  geographical.  He  al- 
ways won  without  an  effort.  His  smile  and  that  whole  souled 
something  that  we  call  personal  magnetism  endeared  him  to  the 
hearts  of  all,  and  then  to  think  that  he  comes  from  a  nation  that  is 
not  athletic,  as  we  know  the  term.  Kolehmainen  told  us  that 
he  was  led  to  take  up  running  by  reading  accounts  of  the  Olym- 
pic Games  at  Athens  in  1906  and  wanted  to  become  a  runner — 
and  he  succeeded.  He  comes  from  a  land  where  the  training 
table  is  unheard  of,  and  certainly  disproves  the  theory  of  many 
trainers  and  athletes  of  past  ages  who  decried  the  idea  that  an 
athlete  could  secure  valuable  aid  from  books. 

The  field  events  at  the  Olympic  Games  comprised  the  usual 
standard  events:  hammer,  shot,  discus,  pole  vault,  javelin, 
high  and  broad  jumps,  in  which  events  the  American  athletes 
again  demonstrated  their  superiority,  but  the  Swedes  had  two 
events  on  the  programme  never  held  heretofore — the  Pentathlon  ' 
and  Decathlon.  These  two  events  were  added  to  the  Olympic 
Games  in  Sweden  to  give  the  world  a  chance  to  see  the  type] 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM,  SWEDEN,  1912. 

Albert  L.  Gutterson,  University  of  Vermont ;  winner  of  Running  Broad  Jump. 
A  new  Olympic  record,  distance,  24ft.  11 1-5  in. 


SPALDING'S     ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  73 

of  athlete  that  comes   from  countries  that  believe  in  all-around  , 
excellence,   the   claim   having  been   made   that   certain   nations — 
especially  America — specialized,  some  in  sprinting,  some  in  jump- I 
ing,  throwing  the  weights,  etc.,  but  here'  were  two  events   that 
would   give  to   each   nation  a   chance  to   show  its   proficiency  in 
all-around  work.     A  mistaken  impression  had  become  prevalent ; 
in  Europe  that  the  American  athlete  was  a  specialist.    Of  course, 
to  us  it  was  ridiculous.     The  average  American  amateur  athlete 
can  probably  perform  meritoriously  in  many  more  athletic  events,  \ 
outside   of   his   specialty,   than   any   other  athlete   in   the   world, 
not  to  mention  proficiency  in   some  field  pastime — what  athlete 
is  not  an   adept  at  our   national  game  of   base  ball?     So  these 
two  events  were  put  on  to  give  the  athletes  of  the  world  a  chance 
to  show  their  all-around   ability. 

I  was  told  by  one  of  the  members  of  the  International  Com- 
mittee, at  Stockholm,  who  voted  to  have  these  events  on  the 
programme,  that  while  America  was  conceded  to  have  the  best 
chance  in  the  standard  track  and  field  events,  the  Pentathlon 
and  Decathlon  were  sure  to  be  won  by  a  European,  owing 
to  the  fact  that  the  Continent  produced  the  best  type  of  all- 
around  men.  What  a  shock  it  was  when  James  Thorpe,  that 
wonderful  all-around  athlete  from  the  Carlisle  Indian  School, 
demolished  all  theories  and  calculations.  His  performances  were 
marvelous.  

The  "blue  ribbon"  event  of  the  Olympic  Games  is  the  Mara- 
thon race,  there  is  no  argument  about  that.  America  would 
rather  win  the  Marathon  race  than  any  other  three  races  on 
the  programme,  but  we  did  not,  and  we  want  to  bow,  and  grace- 
fully, too,  to  McArthur  of  South  Africa,  a  great  runner. 

The  showing  of  the  Americans  as  a  team  was  a  most  wonder- 
ful exhibition  of  distance  racing.  Twelve  men  started ;  ten  fin- 
ished. These  ten  men  were  in  the  first  eighteen.  Our  first  man, 
Strobino,  finished  in  third  position.  Strobino  left  Paterson,  N.  J., 
the  unheralded  champion,  and  to-day  he  stands  out  as  the  pre- 
mier American  Marathoner.  The  others  finished  fourth,  seventh, 
eighth,  ninth,  tenth,  twelfth,  fifteenth,  seventeenth,  and  eighteenth. 
All  were  in  excellent  shape,  some  of  them  not  run  out,  and  the 
experts  think  that  if  a  few  had  extended  themselves  earlier  in 
the  race  the  finish  might  have  been  different.  On  the  whole, 
America  established  its  right  to  the  all-around  distance  champion- 
ship of  the  world,  for  no  other  country  of  the  world  ever 
equalled  our  record  in  a  Marathon  race. 

While  America  naturally  receives  credit  for  the  remarkable 
showing  of  her  athletes,  no  article  ,  on  the  Olympic  Games  is 
complete  without  an  appreciation  of  the  sterling  athletes  that 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM,  SWEDEN,  1912. 

A.  W.  Richards,  Brigham  Young  University ;  winner  of  Running  High  Jump. 
Height.  6  ft.  3.98  in. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  75 

represented  Sweden  and  Finland  in  the  Olympic  Games.  As  the 
point  score  shows,  the  United  States  was  first,  Finland  second 
and  Sweden  third.  The  showing  of  Finland  was  of  course 
wonderful  when  one  considers  that  this  score  was  rolled  up  by 
a  few  men.  Sweden's  score  was  made  by  a  well  balanced  team, 
which  must  be  reckoned  with  in  future. 

Finland  had  four  great  athletes  on  its  team — Kolehmainen, 
Niklander,  Taipale  and  Saaristo — and,  much  to  the  astonish- 
ment of  all,  Finland  finished  one — two — three  in  the  javelin  throw 
(with  both  hands).  Taipale  defeated  Duncan  of  America  in 
the  discus  (best  hand),  and  in  doing  so  created  a  new  record. 
From  the  records  made  in  America  by  Duncan,  very  few  had 
any  doubts  as  to  his  ability  to  win.  Sweden  defeated  the  pick 
of  the  Americans  in  the  hop,  step  and  jump  and  finished  one — 
two — three.  In  the  field  it  was  a  three-cornered  battle  between 
the  Swedish,  Finnish  and  American  athletes. 

"It  is  customary  at  all  Olympic  Games  to  have  a  platform  at 
one  end  of  the  Stadium  with  three  flagpoles  on  which  the  flags 
of  the  different  nations  are  raised  when  their  representatives 
win  certain  places,  and  great  was  the  joy  in  the  American  sec- 
tion when  the  three  American  flags  were  displayed,  telling  to  all 
the  results — first,  second  and  third — in  the  100  meter  dash,  800 
meter  run,  no  meter  hurdles,  putting  the  shot,  and  the  pole 
vault,  but  it  is  impossible  to  describe  the  feelings  of  the  twenty 
thousand  or  more  Swedes  when  their  national  banner  on  the 
three  flagstaffs  indicated  that  Sweden  took  first,  second  and 
third  in  the  hop,  step  and  jump.  When  Finland  finished  first, 
second  and  third  in  the  javelin  an  encouraging  and  sympathetic 
cheer  arose  from  all.  It  was  not  the  Finnish  flag  that  went  to 
the  masthead,  but  the  Russian  flag,  with  a  pennant  attached  on 
which  the  word  "Finland"  was  printed  in  bold  relief. 


While  it  is  true  that  the  battle  for  points  was  keen  between 
the  twenty-seven  natio'ns  represented,  and  all  due  recognition  was 
given  to  the  victors,  it  must  not  be  overlooked  that  winners, 
and  winners  only,  will  not  make  the  Olympic  Games  popular. 
We  must  not  forget  the  losers,  as  all  concerned  put  forth  their 
best  effects,  and  with  the  approach  of  another  Olympiad,  four 
years  hence,  the  lessons  learned  in  Sweden  in  1912  will  have 
borne  fruit  and  while  we  hope  to  again  see  the  triple  signal  of 
victory  for  America,  we  will  not  be  disappointed  if  it  does  not 
appear  as  frequently  as  in  the  past,  but  be  glad  that  America 
was  able  to  point  the  way  in  international  contests  to  the  nations 
of  the  world. 

While  it  is  admitted  that  in  the  distance  running  events,  Koleh- 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM,   SWEDEN,   1912. 

F.  W.  Kelly,  University  of  California ;  winner  of  110  Meters  Hurdle  Race, 

Time.  15  MOs. 


--SPALUIN6PS  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  77 

mainen,  the  Finnish  distance  runner,  was  the  bright  particular 
star,  we  must  not  overlook  the  high  class  performances  of  some 
of  the  other  men  that  took  part  in  these  events.  For  instance, 
Bouin  of  France,  who  had  startled  the  world  with  his  remark- 
able distance  running  during  the  past  couple  of  years,  should  not 
be  overlooked,  as  he  was  a  contender  in  the  5,000  meters  run, 
and  a  very  important  one.  The  form  he  displayed  in  his  heat 
proved  conclusively  that  the  records  that  had  been  sent  broad- 
cast from  France  in  relation  to  his  running  were  not  exagger- 
ated. He  won  the  fifth  heat  in  this  race  quite  easily  in  15  min- 
utes and  5  seconds,  which  was  by  far  the  fastest  preliminary 
heat.  In  the  final,  Kolehmainen  will  long  remember  the  race 
that  this  wonderful  Frenchman  gave  him  and  the  contest  will 
be  long  remembered  by  the  twenty  thousand  or  more  spectators 
that  witnessed  that  thrilling  race.  It  was  really  a  match  race, 
after  the  first  few  laps,  between  these  two  great  runners,  and 
the  finish  that  they  furnished  will  never  be  forgotten.  Bouin 
was  just  beaten  in  record  time — that  is  the  answer.  We  must 
all  proclaim  this  French  runner  as  one  of  the  wonders  of  the 
Fifth  Olympiad. 

In  the  10,000  meters  race,  which  was  also  won  by  Koleh- 
mainen, Louis  Tewanima,  the  little  Hopi  Indian  of  the  American 
team,  gave  a  remarkable  exhibition  of  grit  and  persistency.  This 
young  Indian,  who  hails  from  the  Carlisle  Indian  School,  the 
hero  of  many  thrilling  races,  stuck  to  his  work  in  a  true  Indian 
fashion,  and  many  thought  at  one  time  that  he  had  a  chance  to 
defeat  the  great  Kolehmainen,  but  it  was  not  to  be.  Tewanima 
proved,  however,  that  with  Kolehmainen  out  of  the  way,  he  was 
superior  to  all  other  long  distance  runners — and  the  world's  best 
were  on  the  mark  for  this  race.  All  Americans  can  feel  proud 
of  the  wonderful  race  that  Tewanima  ran  against  the  best  in  the 
world.  

Team  and  relay  racing  formed  an  important  part  of  the  Fifth 
Olympiad.  The  400  meters  relay  race  for  teams  of  four  men, 
each  man  to  run  100  meters,  was  won  by  a  team  that  was  not 
the  best  team  entered.  The  United  States  team  defeated  Great 
Britain  in  the  first  heat  of  the  semi-final  round,  but  was  dis- 
qualified for  not  passing  the  small  piece  of  wood  or  baton  within 
the  allotted  space,  which  permitted  the  British  team  to  compete 
in  the  final.  Great  Britain  won  the  final,  with  Germany  second. 
Germany  was  also  disqualified  for  the  same  offense  as  the  American 
team,  and  the  second  prize  was  given  to  Sweden.  The  time  made 
by  the  German  team  in  their  preliminary  heat,  42.3  seconds, 
stands  as  the  Olympic  record. 

The  cross-country  race  in  connection  with  Olympic  Games  was 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Two  of  America's  Crack  Sprinters — 1,  Donald  F.  Lippincott,  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  third  in  100  meters  and  second  in  200  meters  races.  Made  new 
world's  record  in  bis  heat  in  100  meters  race,  time,  10  3-5s. ;  2,  Ralph  Craig, 
University  of  Michigan,  winner  of  both  100  and  200  meters  races. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  79 

a  new  feature,  and  the  conditions  were  such  that  it  is  hoped  no 
other  country  will  ever  duplicate  them.  Here  was  an  Olympic 
championship  scheduled  months  in  advance  and  the  route  of  the 
course  was  kept  secret.  Why  should_this  be  so?  I  hope  it  will 
be  a  long  time  before  there  will  be  another  race  in  connection 
with  Olympic  Games  where  the  contestants  go  to  the  mark  with- 
out knowing  over  what  kind  of  a  course  they  will  have  to  run. 
The  Olympic  course  of  1912  was  a  very  stiff  one  and,  as  a  mat- 
ter of  fact,  it  killed  off  some  of  the  greatest  cross-country  run- 
ners in  the  world.  In  this  race  Kolehmainen,  the  wonderful 
Finn,  again  demonstrated  his  ability  and  had  no  trouble  in  win- 
ning the  first  prize.  The  Swedes  won  the  team  championship, 
with  the  Finns  second  and  the  English  third.  All  of  the  teams 
that  finished  are  entitled  to  a  great  deal  of  praise.  The  first 
man  wearing  the  shield  of  the  United  States  to  finish  was  young 
Hellawell,  who  came  in  twelfth.  He  ran  a  wonderfully  g-ame 
race  and  made  a  remarkable  showing  when  it  is  considered  that 
he  came  in  ahead  of  all  the  crack  British  cross-country  runners. 
Hellawell  certainly  deserves  a  great  deal  of  credit  for  his  per- 
sistency and  stoutheartedness  in  coming  through  such  a  gruel- 
ling race.  

While  it  is  true  that  the  world's  greatest  stars  performed  in 
the  track  events,  we  must  not  overlook  the  men  who  took  part 
in  the  field  events,  where  the  world's  best  compete  in  their 
specialties.  Is  it  any  wonder  there  was  unrestrained  joy  in  the 
hearts  of  the  Finns  when  the  three  Finnish  pennants  were  raised 
to  the'  tops  of  the  flagstaffs  indicating  the  victories  of  Saaristo, 
Siikaniemi  and  Peltonen  of  Finland  in  the  order  named  in  the 
javelin  throwing  competition  (with  both  hands)  ?  Saaristo,  the 
new  wonder  at  this  game,  threw  the  javelin  over  200  feet  with 
his  right  hand  and  over  157  feet  with  his  left,  a  record  that  will 
no  doubt  remain  for  a  long  time. 

In  the  discus  throw  (free  style)  those  of  us  who  had  been  fol- 
lowing the  wonderful  work  of  James  H.  Duncan  in  the  United 
States  felt  confident  that  he  would  win  this  event.  Niklander, 
the  big  Finn,  was  the  only  one  feared  in  this  particular  event, 
but  the  best  Duncan  could  do  was  to  finish  third.  Duncan  was 
beaten  by  Taipale,  a  Finlander,  whom  we  had  heard  of  very  little, 
and  Byrd,  Duncan's  team  mate.  Taipale's  throw  of  148  feet 
3.9  inches  created  a  new  Olympic  record  for  this  style.  It  must 
be  said,  however,  that  Duncan  was  far  from  being  right  en  the 
trip.  The  long  sea  voyage  did  not  agree  with  him.  His  best 
performance  in  Stockholm  was  far  behind  his  average  perform- 
ance in  America. 

In  the  pole  vault,  a  new  Olympic  record  was  created  by  Harry 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 
The   three   Indians — Sockalexis,    Thorpe   and   Tewanima. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  81 

Babcock  of  the  American  team.  He  vaulted  12  feet  n  1-2  inches. 
This  was  another  event  in  which  the  three  American  flags  were 
hoisted,  denoting  the  winning  of  first,  second  and  third  places, 
and  it  gave  the  American  enthusiasts  a  good  chance  to  cheer. 
Babcock  was  first,  and  M.  S.  Wright  and  Frank  Nelson  tied  for 
second  at  12  feet  7  1-2  inches.  The  vaulting  witnessed  at  Stock- 
holm was  remarkable.  It  is  doubtful  if  we  ever  have  had  in  the 
history  of  the  world  such  fine  performances  in  the  final  of  a 
pole  vault.  One  has  merely  to  glance  at  the  records  made  in 
the  final  to  see  how  remarkable  this  vaulting  really  was :  Bab- 
cock (U.S.A.),  12  feet  n  1-2  inches;  Wright  and  Nelson 
(U.S.A.),  12  feet  71-2  inches;  Murphy  (U.S.A.),  Uggla  (Swe- 
den), Happenny  (Canada),  12  feet  5.6  inches;  Bellah  (U.S. A), 
12  feet  3.6  inches  ;  Dukes,  Coyle  and  Fritz  (U.S.A.),  n  feet  n 
3-41  inches,  and  Paseman  (Germany),  n  feet  1.9  inches.  The 
performance  of  any  one  of  the  first  seven  men  could  have  won  the 
world's  championship  at  the  Olympic  Games  at  Athens,  in  1896; 
Paris,  1900;  St.  Louis,  1904;  Athens,  1906,  or  London,  1908. 

In  the  standing  high  and  broad  jumps  Ray  Ewry  was  missed. 
This  world's  greatest  jumper  decided,  for  business  reasons,  not 
to  try  for  the  American  team,  although  if  Ewry  had  signified 
his  intention  of  going  to  Stockholm,  I  think  the  Committee 
would  have  selected  him  on  his  past  performances.  His  records 
show  he  was  the  best  in  the  world  at  Paris,  St.  Louis,  Athens 
and  London.  Without  him  records  were  not  expected,  but  it 
was  a  good  thing  for  America  that  we  had  the  Adams  brothers, 
although  in  the  standing  broad  jump  both  Platt  and  Ben  Adams 
incurred  defeat  at  the  hands  of  Tsiclitiras  of  Greece,  who  per- 
formed so  meritoriously  at  London  in  1908.  The  experts  felt 
we  would  have  to  develop  another  Ewry  in  order  to  defeat  the 
Greek.  He  was  a  beginner  in  1908,  at  London,  and  has  been 
consistently  at  work  ever  since-  His  performance  shows  what 
four  years  of  hard  training  and  competition  will  do  for  an  ath- 
lete. In  the  standing  high  jump  the  Adams  boys  turned  the 
tables  on  the  Greek,  Platt  finishing  first  and  Ben  second,  the 
Greek  taking  third. 

The  running  broad  jump  was  somewhat  of  a  disappointment. 
One  might  wonder  why  that  remark  is  made  when  we  look  at 
the  performance  of  Gutterson,  the  American  who  won  with  a 
jump  of  24  feet  n  1-5  inches,  but  from  the  records  made  before 
leaving  the  United  States,  first,  second  and  third  places  were 
expected  in  this  event.  Mercer  and  Worthingtpn,  had  they 
jumped  to  form,  would  have  taken  second  and  third  places  for 
us.  However,  the  long  drawn  out  voyage  on  the  Finland,  and 
lack  of  practice  for  a  couple  of  weeks  had  its  effect  and,  on  the 
whole,  the  Americans  should  congratulate  themselves  that 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  83 

Gutterson  jumped  to  form.  Many  felt  Gutterson  had  the  ability 
to  jump  25  feet  when  pressed. 

In  the  hop,  step  and  jump  the  American  contingent  were 
blanked — outclassed — and  there  was  unbounded  joy  among  the 
Swedes  when  the  three  national  flags  were  displayed,  denoting  a 
triple  victory  for  the  Swedish  representatives.  The  American 
chances  in  this  particular  event  were  not  considered  seriously, 
as  there  was  no  one  entered  from  the  United  States  in  this  event 
whose  performance  gave  any  hope  of  winning. 

In  the  shot  putting  and  hammer  -throwing  events,  those  who 
had  analyzed  the  various  records  of  the  world  felt  the  United 
States  had  very  little  opposition  in  the  weight  events;  in  fact, 
the  only  man  feared  was  Niklander,  the  giant  from  Finland. 
The  American  Committee  and  those  responsible  for  the  selec- 
tion of  the  Olympic  team  had  carefully  reviewed  the  records 
of  the  athletes  in  America  and  also  those  abroad  and  came  to 
the  conclusion  that  Niklander  would  be  the  greatest  stumbling 
block.  Nevertheless  they  felt  that  at  the  critical  moment  the 
tried  campaigners  would  come  through,  and  their  judgment  was 
affirmed.  McDonald,  that  sterling  and  popular  champion,  fin- 
ished first;  Rose  was  second  and  Whitney  third.  However, 
Niklander's  performance  justified  the  reports  of  his  proficiency 
and  proved  that  he  is  to  be  reckoned  with  in  future  interna- 
tional competitions.  He  certainly  had  the  Americans  anxious,  for 
a  time,  about  their  laurels  in  the  shot  putting  event  (with  both 
hands),  but  Pat  McDonald  and  Ralph  Rose  were  not  to  be  denied 
and  came  through  and  the  Stars  and  Stripes  again  went  up  for 
first  and  second  places,  with  Niklander  responsible  for  Finland 
in  the  third.  

The  Fifth  Olympiad  certainly  was  an  American  triumph.'  Not 
only  were  premier  honors  won  on  track  and  field,  in  shooting 
and  swimming,  but,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  Olym- 
pic Games,  base  ball,  our  national  game,  was  included  in  the 
Olympic  programme.  Before  the  team  sailed  from  America  the 
American  Olympic  Committee  received  a  number  of  letters  from 
base  ball  enthusiasts,  asking  if  it  would  not  be  possible  to  have 
a  game  played  at  Stockholm,  to  show  the  Swedes  what  the  great 
summer  pastime  was  like.  The  American  Committee  at  once 
took  the  matter  up  with  Mr.  Kristian  Hellstrom,  Secretary  of 
the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee,  and  the  Committee  added  the 
game  to  the  official  programme,  selecting  July  10  as  the  date. 
The  game  was  scheduled  to  be  played  at  the  Stadium,  com- 
mencing at  7  o'clock  in  the  evening,  there  being  light  enough  in 
that  latitude  to  permit  play  until  10  o'clock. 

When  the  team  sailed,  Manager  Halpin  took  base  ball  suits 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM,   SWEDEN,   1912. 

Matthew   J.  McGrath,  winner  of  Hammer  Throwing  competition.    Distance, 
179  ft.  7.1  in.,  a  new  Olympic  record. 


SPALDING'S   ATHLETIC    LIBRARY  85 

and  paraphernalia  enough  for  two  full  teams.  It  was  planned 
to  make  up  two  teams  from  the  members  of  the  American  track 
and  field  team,  as  there  was  a  sufficient  number  of  men  who  had 
played  base  ball  in  their  high  school  or  college  days  to  make  up 
two  nines  strong  enough  to  give  a  good  demonstration  of  the 
national  pastime.  So  the  men  got  together  and  picked  a  team 
from  the  Western  members,  who  called  themselves  the  "Fin- 
lands,"  the  team  from  the  East  being  named  the  "Olympics." 
Charles  Brickley,  captain  of  the  Harvard  freshmen  base  ball 
team  for  1912,  was  selected  to  lead  the  East,,  or  "Olympics,"  and 
Ira  N.  Davenport,  formerly  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  was 
honored  with  the  captaincy  of  the  Western  team,  or  "Finlands." 

Those  in  charge  of  the  American  team  did  not  consider  that 
it  would  be  good  judgment  to  allow  the  boys  to  play  their  game 
until  after  all  their  track  competitions  were  over,  as  an  injury 
to  one  of  the  men  might  cost  America  a  world's  championship, 
so  it  was  reluctantly  decided  to  abandon  the  date  set  by  the 
Swedish  Committee,  July  10.  As  this  was  the  only  date  open  in 
the  Stadium,  the  American  Committee  decided  to  play  the  game 
on  the  athletic  field  in  the  rear  of  the  Stadium,  known  as  Oster- 
malms  Idrottspalats,  on  July  16. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Edstrom,  Vice-President  of  the  Swedish  Olympic 
Committee,  and  Mr.  E.  Johnson,  a  Swedish  gentleman,  who 
spent  a  number  of  years  in  the  United  States  and  had  become  a 
great  base  ball  enthusiast,  asked  the  American  Committee  if 
they  would  not  arrange  to  play  an  All  Swedish  team.  Mr.  John- 
son, who  had  organized  a  Swedish  team,  felt  that  it  would  be  a 
fine  chance  for  his  men  to  gain  experience  by  playing  against 
men  who  were  expert  at  the  game.  The  game  was  arranged  as 
Mr.  Johnson  suggested  and  easily  won  by  the  Americans.  It 
was  really  remarkable  to  see  how  well  the  Swedes  fielded  and 
hit,  but  they  knew  nothing  of  what  is  popularly  known  a*s 
"inside  base  ball."  The  game  between  the  "Finlands"  arid  the 
"Olympics,"  however,  was  a  good  demonstration  of  our  national 
game  and  was  enjoyed  by  the  foreigners,  who,  although  they 
could  not  always  understand  the  finer  points  of  the  game,  admired 
the  action  and  enthusiasm  of  the  players.  Mr.  George  Wright 
of  Boston,  famous  in  his  day  as  shortstop  of  the  champion  Cin- 
cinnati Red  Stockings  of  1867-8  and  later  of  the  Boston  and 
Providence  teams  of  the  National  League,  umpired  one.  game 
and  gave  many  points  to  the  Swedish  players. 

The  Committee  is  indebted  to  Messrs.  J.  S.  Edstrom  and 
Kristian  Hellstrom  for  their  efforts  in  having  base  ball  included 
in  the  Olympic  programme,  and  with  Mr.  E.  Johnson,  who  has 
already  organized  the  Vesteras  base  ball  team  of  Sweden,  work- 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1012, 

A.   K.    Taipale,   Finland,,   winner  Throwing   the  Discus,   best   hand;    James  H. 
Duncan,  America,  third,  and  L,  B,  Jiyrd,  America,  second, 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  87 

ing  hard  to  establish  base  ball  in  his  country,  the  game  is  bound 
to  get  a  foothold  there  and  advance  with  rapid  strides. 

The  game  played  between  a  nine  selected  from  the  American 
Olympic  athletes  and  a  Swedish  native  team,  and  the  contest 
for  the  championship  of  the  steamship  Finland  between  two 
teams  organized  from  the  Olympic  athletes,  selected  from  the 
Eastern  and  Western  sections  of  the  United  States,  who  made 
the  trip  on  the  vessel  and  called  for  this  particular  occasion, 
"Olympics"  and  "Finlands,"  should  prove  conclusively  that  the 
statement  was  wrong  that  the  American  athlete,  as  represented 
in  the  Stadium,  was  a  specialist. 

By  "specialist"  was  meant  to  convey  the  impression  that  an 
athlete  who  shone  in  the  100  yards  run  could  only  run  100  yards, 
that  the  half  miler  is  a  half  miler  exclusively,  and  that  the 
broad  jumper  would  not  recognize  a  discus  if  it  was  shown  to 
him.  In  other  words,  the  American  athlete  thought  of  no  other 
pastime  than  his  own  specialty.  The  base  ball  contests  and  the 
eagerness  with  which  the  most  prominent  athletes  sought  to 
enroll  for  the  two  games,  demonstrated  to  those  fortunate 
enough  to  be  present  at  Stockholm  that  the  American  athlete 
was  just  as  versatile  as  he  was  proficient  in  his  alleged 
"specialty." 

And  while  base  ball  was  played  primarily  to  give  Europeans 
a  chance  to  see  what  our  great  national  pastime  is  like,  our 
athletes  could  have  just  as  readily  shown  a  game  of  college  foot 
ball  or  basket  ball,  played  in  championship  style.  And  I  venture 
to  go  farther  and  make  a  statement  that  if  it  had  been  winter 
and  skating  was  in  order  there  would  be  found  members  of  the 
team  who  could  give  even  the  leading  Swedish  skaters  an  inter- 
esting contest. 

In  other  words,  I  doubt  if  there  has  ever  been  another  athletic 
team  in  the  history  of  the  world  that  was  equal  to  the  American 
team  of  1912  in  all-around  proficiency.  Not  a  man  there  who 
could  not  show  true  championship  form  in  at  least  three  or 
four  different  sports.  The  work  of  our  men  in  the  two  all 
around  competitions,  the  Decathlon  and  the  Pentathlon,  and  the 
showing  of  James  Thorpe,  the  winner  of  them,  should  forever 
remove  from  any  doubting  minds  the  impression  that  Americans 
specialized  for  one  event.  Thorpe's  record  has  not  been  equalled 
and  will  not  be  equalled  for  many  years.  And  Thorpe  had  a 
reputation  in  other  lines  of  sport  long  before  he  began  to  attract 
attention  in  track  and  field  athletics,  for  besides  being  a  splendid 
base  ball  player,  he  is  a  star  lacrosse  player  and  has  the  honor 
of  being  selected  by  the  leading  authority  on  foot  ball  in 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


America,  Mr.  Walter  Camp,  as  a  member  of  the  blue  ribbon- 
though  mythical — team,  the  "All  America  Foot  Ball  Team." 


As  before  stated,  the  most  important  feature  of  the  Olympic 
Games  is  that  portion  devoted  to  track  and  field  contests.  Still 
the  other  events  scheduled  in  connection  with  the  Olympic 
Games  must  not  be  overlooked,  especially  the  rifle,  pistol  and 
trap  shooting.  As  a  matter  of  fact  those  in  control  of  govern- 
ment affairs,  especially  the  representatives  of  the  Army  and 
Navy,  pay  more  attention  to  the  firearm  results  than  they  do  to 
track  and  field  scores. 

Our  rifle,  gun  and  pistol  teams  covered  themselves  with  glory, 
scoring  a  sweeping  victory  in  all  three  departments,  the  most 
important  one,  however,  in  the  eyes  of  the  military  departments 
of  the  nations  of  the  world,  being  the  team  rifle  competition. 
In  this  event  the  team  from  the  United  States  duplicated  its 
former  glorious  Olympic  victory  and  gave  a  wonderful  exhibition 
of  rifle  shooting.  The  ease  with  which  our  rifle  men  excelled 
caused  widespread  comment  among  European  officers  and  others 
interested  and  in  some  quarters  it  was  insinuated  that  perhaps  it 
was  the  rifle.  This,  of  course,  was  ridiculous  to  the  American 
marksmen,  because  it  is  a  matter  of  record  that  the  rifle  they 
used  was  not  the  most  expensive  kind  and  only  cost  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  fifteen  or  sixteen  dollars.  It  was  not  a  patented  gun. 
There  was  no  secrecy  about  the  doings  of  the  American  rifle 
team  or  the  rifle  used.  The  men  shot  in  the  open  and  cheerfully 
showed  their  rifles  to  anybody  and  everybody  that  wished  to 
inspect  them.  Nevertheless,  the  reports  persisted  and  finally 
became  so  pronounced  that  His  Majesty  King  Gustave  V.  asked 
Kristian  Hellstrom,  Secretary  of  the  Swedish  Olympic  Com- 
mittee, to  have  the  American  Committee  submit  one  of  the  rifles 
used  by  the  Americans  for  examination  and  explanation.  This 
letter  was  sent  to  Commissioner  Sullivan  by  Secretary  Hellstrom 
and  in  turn  Commissioner  Sullivan  requested  Manager  Halpin 
to  get  in  touch  with  Commander  Lanning  and  have  him  take  one 
of  the  rifles  used  by  his  team  to  His  Majesty  King  Gustave  V. 
and  explain  same  minutely.  This  was  done,  and  a  photograph 
on  another  page  will  show  Commander  Lanning  explaining  the 
rifle  to  the  King  of  Sweden.  The  American  rifle  team  scored  its 
victory  because  it  was  absolutely  the  most  expert  team  of  rifle- 
men in  the  world. 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM,  SWEDEN,  1912. 
Ralph  W.  Rose,  America,  winner  of  Shot-put  (both  hands).  Distance,  90  ft.  5,4  in. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


91 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  TEAM 

TRACK  AND  FIELD. 


NAME. 

EVENT. 

ENTERED  FROM. 

Adams,    B  
Adams,    P  
Allen,    F.    W  
Anderson     L.    R.  ...... 

Jumper     
Jumper     
Broad    jump     
Miler    .                      

New   York   A.C. 
New   York   A.C. 
Univ.  of  California 
Univ.  of  Nebraska 
Chicago  A.A. 
Univ.  of  Pennsylvania 
Cornell  University 
Irish-American  A.C. 
Harvard  University 
Bates  College 
New  York   A.C. 
Multnomah  A.C. 
Chicago  A.A. 
Chicago  A.A. 
Boston   A.A. 
Chicago  A.A. 
Indiana  University 
Seattle  A.C. 
New   York   A.C. 
Detroit  Y.M.C.A. 
Mass.    Agricultural    Coll. 
Ohio  State  College 
New  York   A.C. 
Springfield  H.S. 
North  Dorchester  A.C. 
Chicago  University 
I.-A.A.C.,   Los   Angeles 
Bradhurst  Field  Club 
Irish-American  A.C. 
Seattle  A.C. 
Missouri  A.C. 
Dartmouth  University 
Mott  Haven  A.C.      • 
New  York   A.C. 
Cornell  University 
Missouri  A.C. 
Univ.  of  Notre  Dame 
Boston  A.A. 
Olympic  Club 
Yale  University 
Univ.  of  Vermont 
New  York   A.C. 
Mohawk  A.C. 
New  York  A.C. 
Boston  A.A. 
Boston  A.A. 
Xavier  A.A. 
Univ.  of  Michigan 
Boston  A.A. 
New  York  A.C. 
Univ.  of  Oregon 
Olympic  Club 

Belote,   F.   V  
Burdick     J     W  

Sprinter     
High    Jump 

Berna     T     S  

Distance    .  .      .        .... 

Bonhag,    G.    V  

Distance    

Brickley,    C.    E  
Blanchard,    V.    S  
Babcock,   H.    S  
Bellah     S     H  

Hop,    step   and   jump... 
Hurdler     
Jumper     
Pole    vault 

Brundage     A  

Pentathlon     

Byrd     R.    L  

Chisholm     G     

Hurdler 

Coyle,   F!   J  
Case,    J.    R  

Pole   vault    
Hurdler     

Childs     C     C  

Craig    R.  C  

Caldwell,    D  

Cooke,    Carl    C  
Dukes    G    B  

Jumper     
Pole   vault 

Drew,    H.    P  
DeMar,    C.    H  

Sprinter     
Marathon     

Donahue,    James  
Duncan,  James  
Eller,    John   J  

Decathlon     
Discus     
Hurdler     

Erxleben,    J  
Enright     H     B  

Marathon    
High   jump 

High   jump                  . 

Fitzgerald,    E.  J  

Fritz,   Jr.,   W.    H  

Pole   vault    

Fletcher,    F  
Farrell     E      

Jumper     
Hop,    step   and   jump... 

Gerhardt,    P  

Gallagher,    Jr.,    J  
Gutterson,    A.    L  
Grumpelt     H.    J  

Marathon    
Broad   jump    
High  jump 

Goehring,    Leo  
Gillis,    S  

Jumper    

Halpin    T.   J  

800  meters 

Holden,    H.     W  

Heiland    H    W          .... 

Sprinter 

Haff,  H.  B  
Hedlund,    Oscar  

400  meters    
Miler     

Hellawell,    H.    H  
Hawkins,    M.    N  
Horine    G    L  

Cross-country    
Hurdler     
High  jump 

OLYMPIC   GAMES   AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

King  Gustave  V.   of  Sweden,   crowning  Patrick  J,   McDonald,   winner  of  the 
Shot-Put  event,   best  hand. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


93 


NAME. 

EVENT. 

ENTERED  FROM. 

Irons,   F.   C  
Johnstone    J     O  

Jumper    
High  jump                  .    .  • 

Chicago  A.A. 

Jones    J     P  

Miler    

Cornell  University 

Kaiser,    F  
Kiviat     A     R      

Walker    

Miler 

New  York  A.C. 
Irish-American  A  C 

Kramer     W.    J  

Distance    

Long  Island  A  C 

Kelly     F     W 

Marathon 

Los  Angeles  A  C 

Sprinter 

Oxford  University 

Lindberg,   E.    F  
Lilley     T     H          

400    meters    
Marathon    

Chicago  A.A. 
North   Dorchester  A  -\ 

Lippincott,    D.    F  ...... 

Sprinter     
Miler 

Univ.  of  Pennsylvania 
Univ    of  Pennsylvania 

McCurdy     W     M      .... 

Distance                        .    . 

Univ    of  Pennsylvania 

Meyer      Alvah           .... 

Sprinter               

Irish-American  A  C 

Mercer     E.    R  

Jumper    

Univ.  of  Pennsylvania 

Meredith,    J.    E  
Maguire    H    F           ... 

800  meters    
Distance 

Mercersburg  Academy 
Unattached 

Murphy     F     D  

Pole    vault 

Univ.   of  Illinois 

McClure      W 

Miler 

Univ    of  Oregon 

Menaul,    J.    A  
McDonald     P.    J  

Decathlon    
Shot    . 

Chicago  A.A. 
Irish-American  A  C 

Mucks     A     M.  .  

Discus    

Chicago  A.A. 

Muller     E     J 

Discus                         *        . 

Irish-American  A  C. 

McGrath     M     J        

Hammer               

Unattached 

Nelson,    F.    T  

Pole   vault    

Harvard  Law  School 

Nicholson,    J.    P  
Oler    Jr.,  Wi  M 

Hurdler     
High  jump   

Univ.  of  Missouri 
New  York  A  C. 

Patterson     N     J 

Miler 

Chicago  A  A 

Pritchard'    E     M 

Hurdler 

Irish-American  A  C 

Piggott,    R.    F  
Putnam     H     N  

Marathon    
800  meters   

North  Dorchester  A.A. 
Cornell  University 

Philbrook,    G.    W  
Reidpath     C     D         .... 

Pentathlon     
400  meters        .           .  .  .  • 

Univ.  of  Notre  Dame 
New  York  A  C. 

Ryan,    M.    J  
Richards,    A.     W  

Marathon    
High   jump    

Irish-American  A.C. 
Brigham   Young  Univ. 

Reynolds,    J.    J.  
Rose     Ralph.  

Marathon    
Shot  

Irish-American  A.C. 
Olympic  Club 

Renz,  E  

Walker    

Mohawk  A.C. 

Rosenberger     J     M        . 

400  meters 

Irish-American  A  C 

Sheppard     M     W    

800  meters    . 

Irish-American  A.C. 

Scott     Efouis  

Distance    

South  Paterson  A.C. 

SockaLexis,    A  
Sherman      B.    F 

Marathon    
Hammer                     

North  Dorchester  A.A. 
Unattached 

Smith,    H.    J  
Strobino,    G  

Schwartz     S. 

Marathon    
Marathon    
Walker    

Bronx  Church  House 
South  Paterson  A.C. 
Pastime  A.C. 

Thomas,    R  

Sprinter    

Princeton  University 

Taber     N     S 

Miler               .               

Brown  University 

Tewanima,     Louis  
Thorpe,    J  
Voellmeke,    A  
Wendell,    J  

Whitney     L 

Marathon    
Decathlon    
Walker    
Hurdler    
Shot 

Carlisle  School 
Carlisle  School 
Pastime  A.C. 
New  York  A.C. 
Boston  A  A 

Wilson,   Clement  
Wikoff,    G  

Sprinter    

Coe  College 
Ohio  State  University 

Worthington    H              . 

Broad  jump   ....        . 

Exeter  Academy 

Wright,  M  
Young,    D.    B  
Ziegler,   W  

Pole   vault    
400  meters   
Hammer    

Dartmouth  College 
Boston  A.A. 
Oxford  University 

^OLYMPIC   GAMES   AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 
George  L,  Horine,  third  in  Running  High  Jump, 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 
AQUATIC  SPORTS. 


95 


Gaidzik,   George    W....  Fancy  and   high   diving.  Chicago  A. A. 

Hebner,   Harry  J Backstroke   and    relay..  Illinois  A.C. 

Huszagh,    Kenneth 100   meter   and   relay...  Chicago  A. A. 

Kahanamoku,   Duke....  100   meter  and   relay...  Honolulu  Surf  Club 

McAleenan,  Arthur,  Jr.  Fancy  and   high   diving.  New  York  A.C. 

McDermott,    Michael...     Breast    stroke    Chicago  A. A. 

McGillivray,    Perry....  100,   4oom.  and   relay..  Illinois  A.C. 

Nerich,   Nicholas   T....  100,   4oom.   and   relay..  New  York  A.C. 

Reilly,   James   H 400,    isoom.   and   relay.  New  York  A.C. 

CYCLING. 
Road  race,  round  Lake  Malar,  200  miles. 

Meissner,   F Western   Michigan   Cycling  Club,   Grand   Rapids,   Mich. 

Kruschel,  A Alma  Athletic  Club,   Buffalo,   N.   Y. 

Pike,  J Century   Road   Club  of  America,   Hoboken,   N.   J. 

Steinert,  J Hicksville   A.C.,   Hicksville,   L.   I. 

Kopsky,   J Morningside   A.C.,    New   York,   N.    Y. 

Martin,  W St.  Louis  C.C.,   St.   Louis,  Mo. 

Loftes,  A New  York  A.C.,   Providence,   R.   I. 

Schutte,  Carl St.   Louis  C.C.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Becht,  J Empire  City  Wheelmen,  Brooklyn,  N.   Y. 

HORSE  RIDING. 
In  charge  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  F.   S.   Foltz. 

Henry,    Captain    Guy    V I3th  Cavalry,  U.S.A. 

Lear,    Jr.,    Lieutenant    B 1 5th  Cavalry,  U.S.A. 

Graham,    Lieutenant   E.    F 1 5th  Cavalry,  U.S.A. 

Montgomery,    Lieutenant   J.    C 7th  Cavalry,  U.S.A. 

REVOLVER  AND  PISTOL  TEAM. 
Dr.    R.    H.    Sayre.  ..Manhattan  Revolver  and  Pistol  Association,  New  York 

J.    A.    Dietz Manhattan  Revolver  and  Pistol  Association,  New  York 

A.    P.    Lane Manhattan  Revolver  and  Pistol  Association,  New  York 

Hans    Roedder Manhattan  Revolver  and  Pistol  Association,  New  York 

Dr.   H.   E.    Sears Beverly,    Mass. 

P.  J.  Dolfen Springfield  Revolver  Association,   Springfield,  Mass. 

UNITED  STATES  RIFLEMEN. 

Team  Captains — Lieutenant-Commander  Harris  Laning,  United  States 
Navy;  Lieutenant  Albert  S.  Jones,  Secretary  National  Rifle  Association 
of  America.  , 

Team  Adjutant — Lieutenant-Colonel  William  Libbey,  New  Jersey 
National  Guard. 

Team  Surgeon — Past  Assistant  Surgeon  W.  Neil  McDonnell,  United 
States  Navy. 

TEAM. 

Lieutenant  C.  T.   Osburn United   States  Navy 

Sergeant   John    E.    Jackson Iowa  National  Guard 

Captain    Allan    L.    Briggs United  States  Army 

Captain  C.   L.   Burdette West  Virginia  National  Guard 

Sergeant   Harry    L.    Adams United   States  Army 

Captain   Fred   S.   Hird Iowa   National   Guard 

Hospital    Steward   Warren   A.    Sprout United  States  Navy 

Ensign   Harold   T.    Bartlett United  States  Navy 

William  F.   Leushner Buffalo,   N.    Y. 

Ed.   L.  Anderson Birmingham,    Ala. 


OLYMPIC   GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Hans  Kolehmainen,  Finland,  winner  of  5,000  Meters  Race,  10,000  Meters 
Race,  8,000  Meters  Cross-Country  Race,  and  winner  of  first  'heat  of  tiie 
Team  Race, 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  97 

CLAY  BIRD  SHOOTING  TEAM. 

Charles    W.    Billings New  York  Athletic  Club 

Ralph    L.     Spotts New   York  Athletic  Club 

John    H.    Hendrickson Brooklyn 

James    R.    Graham Chicago 

Edward  F.   Gleason Boston  Athletic  Association 

Frank    Hall New  York  Athletic  Club 

Daniel    F.    McMahon New  York  Athletic  Club 

FENCING. 

George  H.  Breed  •     A.  E.   Sauer 

A.  V.  Z.  Post  Dr.  G.   M.  Hammond 

Sherman  Hall  Lieut.   Marc   W.   Larimer,   U.    S.    N. 

William  Bowman  Lieut.    Harold   M.    Rayner,    U.S.A. 

J.   McLoughlin  James  M.   Moore 

Dr.  J.   E.   Gignoux  Frederick   Schenck 
Dr.   S.   D.    Breckinridge 

FENCING— MODERN  PENTATHLON. 
Lieutenant  George  Smith  Patton,  Jr. 

TENNIS. 
Theodore  Roosevelt  Pell. 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM, 

SWEDEN,  1912. 

Christopher  W.  Gitsham,  South  Africa, 
second  in  Marathon  Race,  about  to 
break  tape.  His  time  was  :  2h.  37m.  52s. 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM, 

SWEDEN,  1912. 

Gaston  Strobino,  America,  crossing  the 
finish  line  in  third  position  in  the 
Marathon  Race.  Time,  2h.  38m.  42  2-5s, 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


RECEPTIONS  IN  SWEDEN 


American  officials  who  have  had  the  pleasure  of  meeting 
Swedish  officials  and  working  with  them  for  the  betterment  of 
athletics,  at  Athens,  Paris,  St.  Louis  and  London,  became  thor- 
oughly convinced  that  the  Swede  was  the  ideal  type  of  sports- 
man, and  sooner  or  later,  that  great  nation,  known  so  well 
throughout  the  physical  training  world  as  one  of  the  leaders, 
would  take  up  the  competitive  side  of  track  and  field  athletics, 
giving  an  account  of  themselves  that  would  please  all.  From  the 
very  beginning  of  international  competition  it  was  seen  that  the 
Swedes  and  Yankees  worked  together.  There  existed  a  bond  of 
friendship  that  was  sure  to  be  lasting.  We  watched  Swedish  offi- 
cials at  these  games  take  in  everything,  and  also  saw  Swedish 
athletes  come  to  the  games  as  novices,  observe  what  was  going 
on,  watch  the  performance  of  this  champion  and  that,  then  go 
home  and  train,  become  proficient,  and  come  back  and  win 
championships. 

It  was  with  great  pleasure  that  we  received  the  representa- 
tive of  their  governing  body  when  he  visited  this  country  and 
we  explained  to  him  our  system  of  training.  He  met  our  cham- 
pions and  became  acquainted,  because  in  athletics  there  is  noth- 
ing secret.  There  are  no  secret  programmes.  There  is  nothing 
in  athletics  performed  behind  closed  doors.  The  Swedes  were 
interested,  and  the  result  of  their  earnest -work  in  track  and  field 
athletics  was  gratifying  to  them,  I  am  sure,  when  you  look  at 
the  final  score  of  the  Fifth  Olympiad.  It  was  a  well  balanced 
team.  Of  course,  they  lacked  one  or  two  stars  that  could  shine 
above  all  others,  but  athletic  stars  only  come  occasionally  to  a 
country.  Eventually,  however,  the  country  with  the  well  bal- 
anced team  will  surely  win. 

We  knew  of  Sweden  and  had  heard  of  Swedish  hospitality 
and  their  ways  of  doing  things;  so,  when  the  announcement 
was  made  that  the  Fifth  Olympiad  was  to  go  to  Stockholm, 
Sweden,  there  was  great  j-oy  throughout  this  land  of  ours,  if 
did  not  require  very  much  talk  on  the  oart  of  our  chief  on  the 
International  Committee,  Professor  William  M.  Sloane,  to  start 
the  organization  of  and  arrange  for  a  campaign  or  trip  to 
bweden.  They  who  best  knew  the  Swedes  naturally  wanted  to 
RO  as  they  felt  confident  there  would  await  them  a  welcome 
comes  from  friends  to  friends.  Long  will  we 
remember  the  reception  we  received  when  we  steamed  into  the 
harbor  at  Stockholm;  it  was  a  royal  welcome,  perhaps  only 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1012. 

Patrick  J.   McDonald,   who  won  the  Shot-Put  competition,   best  hand,   and   fln- 
'jshed  second  to  Rose  in  the  Shot-Put,   both  hands. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  101 

excelled  on  two  occasions,  when  our  American  team  went  to 
Athens  in  1896  and  1906.  The  Swedes  equalled  the  standard  of 
hospitality  set  by  the  Greeks..  When  the  Finland  came  to  anchor 
at  the  dock,  we  were  greeted  by  thousands  of  whole-souled 
Swedish  sportsmen.  They  sang  to  us  and  cheered,  and  our  boys 
returned  the  cheer,  and  then  they  sang  their  national  hymn.  As 
soon  as  the  gangplank  was  lowered,  the  Swedish  Olympic  Com- 
mittee came  aboard  and  welcomed  the  American  team  to  their 
shores — and  it  was  a  welcome.  From  that  moment,  if  there 
existed  any  gates  to  Sweden,  they  were  taken  off  and  carefully 
put  away  until  the  Americans  had  left  the  country.  Everything 
was  open  for  us. 

Of  course,  the  Americans  went  on  a  mission.  This  mission 
was  to  create' good  feeling;  to  show  the  type  of  man  this  great 
country  of  ours  produces;  to  bring  to  them  the  type  of  sportsman 
that  comes  from  this  glorious  nation  of  ours,  and  to  show  the 
world  that  we  play  the  game  fairly — give  and  take,  shake  the 
hands  of  the  victors  when  they  won,  just  as  we  expect  them  to 
shake  the  hands  of  our  men  when  we  win,  and  to  show  there 
was  that  good,  wholesome  fellow-feeling  which  made  us  know 
that  Baron  de  Coubertin's  Olympic  Idea  had  arrived,  we  would 
have  a  meeting,  go  back  to  our  homes  with  the  best  of  feeling, 
and  know  that  at  last  the  Olympic  Games  had  developed  into 
an  ideal  peace  conference.  It  would  take  a  much  larger  book 
than  this  to  record  the  many  acts  of  kindness  and  attention 
paid  to  our  athletes,  officials  and  visitors  by  the  Swedes,  particu- 
larly the  Royal  Family  and  Swedish  Committee,  who  wished 
us  to  feel  that  the  city  was  open  to  us.  It  was  a  feeling  that 
impressed  me  deeply.  The  Royal  Family  endeared  themselves 
to  the  hearts  of  all  of  our  party,  and  the  great  interest  that  His 
Majesty  the  King  and  His  Royal  Highness  the  Crown.  Prince 
took  in  our  athletes  and  their  work  was  remarkable.  They 
appreciated  the  grand  way  the  Americans  .recognized  Sweden 
by  coming  to  them  in  a  style  that  no  other  nation  has  ever 
attempted.  It  was  a  large  and  important  expedition,  meaning 
much  not  only  for  our  own  country  but  for  the  entire  world — 
and  as  we  do  things,  athletically,  so  others  will  follow  our  lead. 
That  is  the  history  of  the  Olympic  Games.  The  interest  .of  the 
Royal  Family  in  them  appealed  greatly  to  us.  The  King,  Crown 
Prince,  Queen  and  Princess  rarely  missed  an  important  event. 
They  were  at  the  Stadium  for  the  stadium  events ;  at  the  swim- 
ming pavilion  and  tennis  contests,  as  well  as  the  shooting  and 
foot  ball,  and,  above  all,  were  particularly  prominent  at  the 
opening  and  closing  exercises  of  the  Olympic  Games  held  in 
the  Stadium.  When  Olympic  Games  can  be  held  with  pat- 
ronage of  that  kind  they  are  sure  to  be  successful,  and  each 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM,  SWEDEN,  1912. 

Platt  Adams,  America,  winner  of  Standing  High  Jump.     Height,  5  ft.  4  1-5  in. 
Also  second  in  Standing  Broad  Jump. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  103 

country  that  has  held  Olympic  Games  has  set  a  standard  in  that  i 
respect  that  others  must  live  up  to,  and  the  standard  set  by  , 
Sweden  will  be  hard  for  other  countries  to  maintain. 

There  was  a  social  side  to  the  Olympic  Games,  but  it  must  be 
said  in  credit  to  those  in  charge  of  the  affairs  that  at  no  time 
did  the  social  side  eclipse  the  athletic  side.  Of  course,  the  social 
end  ef  it  in  foreign  countries  is  something  to  look  forward  to 
and  appreciate.  It  is  something  different  to  our  own,  and,  in 
order  to  give  an  idea  of  what  was  done  for  the  athletes,  visitors 
and  officials  at  the  Fifth  Olympiad,  it  is  only  necessary  to  here- 
with publish  the  complete  list  of  social  functions: 

Friday,  June  28. — Reception  festivities  at  the  Strand  Hotel, 
arranged  by  the  Foot  Ball  Committee  in  honor  of  all  those  tak- 
ing part  in  the  Olympic  foot  ball  competitions. 

Sunday,  June  30. — The  Foot  Ball  Committee's  dinner  for 
honoratiores. 

Wednesday,  July  3. — Dinner  by  Col.  Robert  M.  Thompson, 
President  of  the  American  Olympic  Committee,  on  his  yach't 
Katrina,  for  the  presidents  of  the  International  Olympic  Com- 
mittee and  of  the  Olympic  committees  o-f  the  nations  represented 
at  the  games. 

Thursday,  July  4. — Solemn  opening  of  the  meetings  of  the 
International  Olympic  Committee  at  the  Riksdag  House.  The 
Swedish  Olympic  Committee's  lunch  at  Hasselbacken  for  the 
International  Olympic  Committee  and  ladies.  Reception  on  board 
the  Finland  by  the  American  team  to  the  representatives  (ath- 
letes and  officials)  of  the  nations  represented  at  the  games. 

Friday,  July  5.— Col.  V.  G.  Balck's  dinner  for  the  International 
Olympic  Committee.  Farewell  festivities  at  Hasselbacken, 
arranged  by  the  Shooting  Committee.  Reception  festivities  at 
the  Grand  Hotel  Royal,  arranged  by  the  Cycling  Committee  in 
honor  of  the  officials  and  honoratiores. 

Saturday,  July  6. — H.  M.  the  King's  garden  party  at  the  pal- 
ace, Logarden.  Massed  military  concert  in  the  Stadium,  ar- 
ranged by  the  Swedish  Musicians'  Association,  in  which  ten 
conductors  and  three  hundred  musicians  took  part.  The  com- 
positions by  Swedish  composers  alone. 

m  Sunday,  July  7.— Official  dinner  at  the  Grand  Hotel  Royal, 
given  by  the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee  for  officials  and 
honoratiores,  and  conclusion  of  evening  at  the  Opera  Terrace. 
Display  of  Gotland  popular  sports  and  of  the  Icelandic  Glima 
in  the  Stadium.  First  representation  given  by  the  Folkdansens 
Vanner  Club  (for  the  Promotion  of  Swedish  National  Dances) 
at  the  Royal  Opera. 

Monday,  July  8. — Reception  by  His  Excellency  the  Minister 
for  Foreign  Affairs  at  the  Hotel  of  the  Minister  for  Foreign 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  105 

Affairs.  Farewell  festivities  at  Hasselbacken,  arranged  by  the 
Cycling  Committee  for  competitors  and  officials  of  the  cycling 
competition  and  for  honoratiores.  Second  massed  military  con- 
cert in  the  Stadium. 

Tuesday,  July  9. — Concert  in  the  Stadium.  Dinner  given  by  H. 
R.  H.  the  Crown  Prince  at  his  palace.  Olympic  festivities  at 
Skansen  for  competitors  in  the  games. 

Wednesday,  July  10. — Col.  V  G.  Balck's  reception.  Banquet 
given  at  Saltsjobaden  by  the  Publicistklubben  (Swedish  Institute 
of  Journalists)  for  the  representatives  of  the  foreign  press.  Ath- 
letic competitions  in  the  Stadium  for  the  crews  of  the  foreign 
men-of-war. 

Thursday,  July  n. — Dinner  given  by  H.  R.  H.  the  Crown 
Prince  in  his  palace.  Children's  concert  in  the  choir  hall, 
(Ostermalms  Folkskola),  arranged  by  the  Swedish  Choral  So- 
ciety. Dinner  at  Hasselbacken  by  the  Fencing  Committee.  Gala 
performance  at  the  Royal  Opera  House. 

Friday,  July  12. — Five-o'clock  Tea,  given  by  Baron  Pierre  de 
Coubertin,  President  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee. 
First  concert  by  the  Swedish  Choral  Society  in  the  Choir  Hall. 
(Ostermalms  Folkskola).  Review  of  Swedish  Boy  Scouts  in  the 
Stadium,  including  a  concert  by  the  boys'  brass  bands  affiliated  to 
the  Swedish  Boy  Scout  Clubs ;  signalling  exercises,  popular  out- 
door games,  etc. 

Saturday,  July  13. — Grand  Choral  Festival  in  the  Stadium, 
arranged  by  the  Swedish  Choral  Society.  Reception  banquet  at 
Hasselbacken,  given  by  the  Committee  on  the  Horse  Riding 
competitions. 

Sunday,  July  14. — Dinner  at  Hasselbacken  for  the  competitors 
in  the  Modern  Pentathlon.  Second  representation  by  the  Folk- 
dansens  Vanner  at  the  Royal  Opera  House.  Second  concert  by 
the  Swedish  Choral  Society  in  the  Choir  Hall  (Ostermalms 
Folkskola).  Farewell  festivities  in  the  Stadium  in  honor  .of  the 
assembled  athletes.  After  supper  then  singing  by  a,  choir  of 
more  than  three  thousand  men,  music,  fireworks,  etc. 

Monday,  July  15. — Base  ball  game  between  the  American  team, 
and  Vesteras  Basebollklubb  at  Ostermalms  Idrottspalats.  Aquatic 
festival  (illumination,  etc.)  at  Djurgardsbrunnsviken,  arranged 
by  the  Stockholms  Kappsimningsklubb  (Stockholm  Swimming 
Club),  the  Swedish  Amateur  Swimming  Association  and  the 
Committee  for  the  Barnens  Dag  (Children's  Summer  Holiday 
Fund). 

Tuesday,  July  16. — Dinner  given  by  H.  M.  The  King  at  the 
Palace.  Aquatic  festival  (illumination,  etc.)  at  Djurgards- 
brunnsviken, arranged  by  the  Stockholms  Kappsimningsklubb 
(Stockholm  Swimming  Club),  the  Swedish  Amateur  Swimming 


OLYMPIC   GAMES   AT  STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,   1912. 

Ben  and  Platt  Adams,  America,  and  C.  Tsiclitiras,  Greece,  who  finished  first, 
second  and  third  in  the  Standing  High  Jump. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  107 

Association  and  the  Committee  for  the  Barnens  Dag  (Children's 
Summer  Holiday  Fund). 

Wednesday,  July  17. — Officers'  feast  at  Saltsjobaden,  arranged 
by  the  Committee  on  'the  Horse  Riding  competitions.  Reception 
festivities  at  Hasselbacken,  arranged  by  the  Rowing  Committee. 
Fireworks  and  illumination  in  the  Stadium. 

Thursday,  July  18. — Dinner  given  by  H.  R.  H.  Prince  Wilhelm 
at  his  palace.  Subscription  Ball  at  Hasselbacken,  arranged  by 
Faltridtklubben  (Stockholm  Cross  Country  Riding  Club). 

Friday,  July  19. — The  Royal  Swedish  Yachting  Club's  reception 
festivities  at  Nynashamn.  Farewell  festivities  of  the  Rowing 
Committee. 

Saturday,  July  20. — Dinner  given  at  Nynashamn  by  O.  Holter- 
mann,  Chamberlain  to  H.  M.  the  King. 

Saturday,  July  27. — H.  R.  H.  Prince  Wilhelm's  garden  party 
for  yachtsmen  at  his  palace.  Farewell  banquet  at  Hasselbacken 
given  by  the  Kungl.  Svenska  Segel  Sallskapet  (Royal  Swedish 
Yachting  Club). 

Besides  these  very  important  functions,  the  President  of  the 
American  Olympic  Committee,  Col.  Robert  M.  Thompson,  ten- 
dered to  His  Royal  Highness  the  Crown  Prince,  Baron  Pierre  de 
Coubertin,  President  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee, 
and  the  representatives  of  Olympic  Committees  from  foreign 
countries  in  attendance  at  the  games,  an  elaborate  dinner  aboard 
his  yacht,  Katrina,  in  the  harbor  at  Stockholm.  There  was 
hardly  an  afternoon  or  evening  while  the  Olympic  Games  were  in 
progress  in  which  Col.  Thompson  was  not  the  host  at  some  social 
event  aboard  his  yacht,  notably  among  which  was  a  dinner  to  the 
American  newspaper  correspondents  and  the  members  of  the 
American  Olympic  Committee  in  attendance  at  the  games. 


OLYMPIC  GAMES    AT  STOCKHOLM, 

SWEDEN,    1912. 

C.  C.  Childs.  America,  -winner  of  third 
place   in   ^lirowiiiir  ILo  Hummer. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM, 

SWEDEN,  1912. 

C.     D.     Bricker,     Canada,     second    in 
Running    Broad   Jump. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  109 


OLYMPIC  RECORDS 

The    measurements    for    Olympic   events   are   made   in   meters. 
A   meter   equals  39.37  inches. 


100   METERS  RUN. 

(109  yards  13  inches.) 

Olympic  record — 103-55.;  Don  F.  Lippincott  '(U-S.A.),  Stockholm,   1912. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896,  T.  E.  Burke  (U.S.A.),  i2S. 
Paris,  1900,  F.  W.  Jarvis  (U.S.A.),  104-55.  St.  Louis,  1904,  A.  Hahn 
(U.S.A.),  us.  Athens,  1906,  A.  Hahn  (U.S.A.),  n  1-55.  London, 
1908,  R.  E.  Walker  (South  Africa),  104-55. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — C.  Luther  (Sweden),  walkover.  Second  heat — I.  Moller  (Swe- 
den), i;  P.  Szalai  (Hungary),  2;  time,  11.53.  Third  heat — J.  Tra 
Courtney  (U.S.A.),  i;  I.  Jankovich  (Hungary),  2;  time,  n  1-58. 
Fourth  heat — R.  G.  Rice  (Great  Britain),  i ;  R.  Smedmark  (Sweden), 
2;  time,  112-55.  Fifth  heat — V.  H.  A.  D'Arcy  (Great  Britain),  i; 
R.  Povey  (South  Africa),  2;  time,  n  1-55.  Sixth  heat — R.  Rau  (Ger- 
many), i;  Vi  Racz  (Hungary),  2;  time,  11.53.  Seventh  heat — W. 
A.  Stewart  (Australia),  i;  J.  Aelter  (Belgium),  2;  time,  us.  Eighth 
heat — K.  Lindberg  (Sweden),  i;  B.  Vygoda  (Bohemia),  2;  time,  n  3-53. 
Ninth  heat — A.  T.  Meyer  (U.S.A.),  i;  F.  Giongo  (Italy),  2;  time, 
11.35.  Tenth  heat— D.  H.  Jacob  (Great  Britain),  i;  C.  P.  Wilson 
(U.S.A.),  2;  time,  104-53.  Eleventh  heat— F.  V.  Belote  (U.S.A.),  i; 
R.  Mourlon  (France),  2;  time,  us.  Twelfth  heat — P.  F.  Gerhardt 
(U.S.A.),  i;  F.  L.  Lukeman  (Canada)  2;  time,  n.is.  Thirteenth  heat 
— J.  A.  Howard  (Canada),  i ;  G.  H.  Patching  (South  Africa),  2;  time, 
us.  Fourteenth  heat — A.  E.  Anderson  (Great  Britain),  i;  R.  B. 
Thomas  (U.S.A.),  2;  time,  us.  Fifteenth  heat— H.  P.  Drew  (U.S.A.), 
i;  E.  Kern  (Germany),  2;  time,  us.  Sixteenth  heat — D.  F.  Lippin- 
cott (U.S.A.),  i;  W.  R.  Applegarth  (Great  Britain),  2;  time,  103-55. 
Seventeenth  heat— R.  C.  Craig  (U.S.A.),  i;  F.  Szobota  (Hungary),  2; 
time,  ii  1-53. 

WINNERS  OF  SEMI-FINAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — Drew  (U.S.A.),  time  i.is.  Second  heat— Patching  (South 
Africa),  time  10.95.  Third  heat — Meyer  (U.S.A.),  time  10.75.  Fourth 
heat— Craig  (U.S.A.),  time  10.73.  Fifth  heat — Lippincott  (U.S.A.), 
time  10.75.  Sixth  heat — Belote  (U.S.A.)  time  ix.is. 

FINAL  HEAT. 

Craig  (U.S.A.),  i;  Meyer  (U.S.A.),  2;  Lippincott  (U.S.A.),  3;  Patching 
(South  Africa),  4;  Belote  (U.S.A.),  5;  time,  104-55. 

110    METERS     HURDLES. 

(120  yards  10  7-10  inches.) 

Olympic  record — 155.;  Forrest  C.   Smithson   (U.S.A.),  London,   1908. 
Winners    at    Previous    Olympiads — Athens,    1896,    T.    P.    Curtis    (U.S.A.), 
173-53.     Paris,    1900,   A.   C.   Kraenzlein    (U.S.A.),    15255.      St.   Louis, 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

1-Hammer  Throw-1,  McGrath  (U.S.A.);  2,  Gillis  (Canada);  3,  Childs  (U.S.A.). 
2—400  Meters  Run-1,  Lindberg  (U.S.A.);  2,  Reidpath  (U.S.A.);  3.  Braun  (Ger- 
many). 8— Javelin,  right  and  left  hand— 1,  Peltonen  (Finland);  2,  Saaristo  (Fin- 
land); 3.  Siikaniemi  (Finland). 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  1U 

1904,    F.    W.    Schule     (U.S.A.),     i6s.      Athens,     1906,    R.    C.    Leavitt 
(U.S.A.),    16  i-ss.     London,   1908,  F.   C.   Smithson    (U.S.A.),   155. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,   1912. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — G.  H.  Chisholm  (U.S.A.),  i;  K.  Solymar  (Hungary),  2;  time, 
15.35.  Second  heat — J.  J.  Eller  (U.S.A.),  i;  G.  R.  L.  Anderson 
(Great  Britain),  2;  time,  i6s.  Third  heat — M.  W.  Hawkins  (U.S.A.), 
i;  G.  I.  Andre  (France),  2;  time,  i6.is.  Fourth  heat — F.  R.  Bie 
(Norway),  i;  W.  Wickholm  (Finland),  2;  time,  161-53.  Fifth  heat — 
P.  Eitel  (Chili),  walkover.  Sixth  heat— M.  F.  L.  Delaby  (France),  i; 
V.  S.  Blanchard  (U.S.A.),  2;  time,  i6s.  Seventh  heat— E.  M.  Pritch- 
ard  (U.S.A.),  i ;  H.  E.  H.  Blakeney  (Great  Britain),  2;  time,  162-55. 
Eighth  heat— J.  P.  Nicholson  (U.S.A.),  i;  D.  Colbachini  (Italy),  2; 
lime,  i6s.  Ninth  heat — F.  W.  Kelly  (U.S.A.),  walkover,  time,  162-58. 
Tenth  heat — J.  R.  Case  (U.S.A.),  i;  H.  von  Bonninghausen  (Ger- 
many), 2;  time,  16.35.  Eleventh  heat — K.  Powell  (Great  Britain),  i; 
J.  Wendell  (U.S.A.),  2;  time,  15  3-53. 

WINNERS  OF  SEMI-FINAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — Powell,  Great  Britain,  15  3-55.    Second  heat — Hawkins  (U.S.A.), 
15.75.      Third    heat — Nicholson    (U.S.A.),    15  2-55.      Fourth    heat — Wen- 
•    dell     (U.S.'A.),     15.52.      Fifth     heat— Kelly     (U.S.A.),     15  3"5S.      Sixth 
heat— Case   (U.S.A.),  15  3-55. 

FINAL  HEAT. 

Kelly  (U.S.A.),  i;  Wendell  (U.S.A.),  2;  Hawkins  (U.S.A.),  3;  Case 
(U.S.A.),  4;  Anderson  (Great  Britain),  5;  Nicholson  (U.S.A.),  fell; 
time,  15.15. 


200   METERS   RUN. 

(218  yards  26  inches.) 

Olympic  record — 21  3-58.;  A.  Hahn   (U.S.A.),  St.  Louis,  1904. 
Winners   at   Previous    Olympiads— Athens,    1896;    no    race   at   this   distance. 
Paris,    1900,  J.   W.   B.   Tewkesbury    (U.S.A.),  22  1-55.      St.   Louis,   1904, 
A.    Hahn    (U.S.A.),    21  3-55.      Athens,    1906;    no    race   at   this   distance. 
London,    1908,  R.   Kerr    (Canada),  22  3-53. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — C.  D.  Reidpath  (U.S.A.),  i;  G.  J.  B.  Rolot  (France),  2;  time, 
223-53.  Second  heat— R.  C.  Craig  (U.S.A.),  i;  R.  G.  Rice  (Great 
Britain),  2;  time,  224-55.  Third  heat — J.  Ira  Courtney  (U.S.A.),  i; 
D.  Macmillan  (Great  Britain),  2;  time,  22.75.  Fourth  heat — C.  Luther 
(Sweden),  i;  J.  Grijseels,  Jr.  (Holland),  2;  time,  233-55.  Fifth  heat 
— W.  R.  Applegarth  (Great  Britain),  i;  H.  W.  Heiland  (U.S.A.),  2; 
time,  24.73.  Sixth  heat — R.  Rau  (Germany),  i;  A.  Anderson  (Great 
Britain),  2;  time,  22.55.  Seventh  heat— C.  L:  Cooke  (U.S.A.),  i;  R. 
Povey  (South  Africa),  2;  time,  22  1-55.  Eighth  heat — J.  A.  Howard 
(Canada),  i;  F.  Giongo  (Italy),  2;  time,  255.  Ninth  heat — K.  Lind- 
berg  (Sweden),  i;  F.  Mezei  (Hungary),  2;  time,  23.15.  Tenth  heat — • 
P.  C.  Gerhardt  (U.S.A.),  i;  V.  H.  A.  D'Arcy  (Great  Britain),  2; 
time,  22.95.  Eleventh  heat — D.  F.  Lippincott  (U.S.A.),  i;  I.  Mo'ller 
Sweden),  2;  time,  224-55.  Twelfth  heat — A.  T.  Meyer  (U.S.A.),  i; 
R.  C.  Duncan  (Great  Britain),  2;  time,  24.15.  Thirteenth  heat — D.  & 


OLYMPIC   GAMES   AT  STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

A    R     Taipale,   Finland:   E.    Niklander,   Finland,   and   Magnnsson.    Sweden,    vvho 
fr.iishcd   first,    second    and    third    iu   Throwing   the    Discus,    both    h.-mds. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY. 


WINNERS  OF  SEMI-FINAL  HEATS. 

First  heat  —  Craig  (U.S.A.),  time  21.95.  Second  heat  —  Applegarth  (Great 
Britain),  time  21.93.  Third  heat  —  Young  (U.S.A.),  time  21.93.  Fourth 
heat  —  Lippincott  (U.S.A.),  time  21.  8s.  Fifth  heat  —  Rau  (Germany), 
time  22.  is.  Sixth  heat  —  Reidpath  (U.S.A.),  time  22.15. 

FINAL  HEAT. 

Craig  (U.S.A.),  i;  Lippincott  (U.S.A.),  2;  Applegarth  (Great  Britain),  3; 
time,  21.75. 


400   METERS    RUN. 

(437  yards   16  inches.) 

Olympic  record — 48  1-55.;  C.  D.  Reidpath   (U.S.A.),  Stockholm,   1912. 
Winners    at    Previous    Olympiads — Athens,    1896,    T.    E.    Burke     (U.S.A.), 
54  1-55.     Paris,   1900,  M.  W.   Long   (U.S.A.),  49  2-53.      St.   Louis,   1904, 
H.     L.     Hillman     (U.S.A.),     49  1-55.       Athens,     1906,     P.     H.     Pilgrim 
(U.S.A.),  53  1-53.     London,  1908,  W.  Halswelle  (Great  Britain),   $os. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat— J.  M.  Rosenberger  (U.S.A.),  i ;  C.  A.  C.  Poulenard  (Francs), 
2;  time,  503-5S.  Second  heat — E.  W.  Haley  (Great  Britain),  i;  M. 
W.  Sheppard  (U.S.A.),  2;  time,  663-55.  Third  heat — H.  Braun  (Ger- 
many) i;  J.  E.  Meredith  (U.S.A.),  2;  time,  503-55.  Fourth  heat — 
P.  Zerling  (Sweden),  i;  Y.  Mishima  (Japan),  2;  time,  552-55.  Fifth 
heat — C.  L.  Lelong  (France),  i;  D.  B.  Young  (U.S.A.),  2;  time, 
501-55.  Sixth  heat — K.  Stenborg  (Sweden),  i;  walkover.  Seventh 
heat— C.  B.  Haff  (U.S.A.),  i;  E.  Lunghi  (Italy),  2;  time,  502-55. 
Eighth  heat— F.  Mezei  (Hungary),  i;  J.  Dahlin  (Sweden),  2;  time, 
504-55.  Ninth  heat — E.  Lindholm  (Sweden),  i;  J.  Pedersen  (Nor- 
way), 2;  time,  51.43.  Tenth  heat — E.  F.  J.  Lindberg  (U.S.A.),  i;  J. 
T.  Soutter  (Great  Britain),  2;  time,  503-58.  Eleventh  heat — C.  S. 
Edmundson  (U.S.A.),  i ;  E.  J.  Henley  (Great  Britain),  2;  time,  50  1-55. 
Twelfth  heat — G.  Nicol  (Great  Britain),  i ;  I.  N.  Davenport  (U.S.A.), 
2;  time,  505.  Thirteenth  heat — J.  Person  (Germany),  i;  J.  A.  Wells 
(Great  Britain),  2;  time,  55  3-53.  Fourteenth  heat — C.  N.  Seedhouse 
(Great  Britain),  i;  A.  Pedersen  (Norway),  2;  time,  51.55.  Fifteenth 
heat— G.  H.  Patching  (South  Africa),  i ;  C.  D,  Reidpath  (U.S.A.),  2; 
time,  5 1. is. 

WINNERS  OF  SEMI-FINAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — Reidpath  (U.S.A.),  time,  48.75.  Second  heat— Lindberg 
(U.S.A.),  time,  48.95.  Third  heat — Meredith  (U.S.A.),  time,  48.85. 
Fourth  heat— Haff  (U.S.A.),  time,  49.78.  Fifth  heat— Braun  (Ger- 
many), time,  49.25. 

FINAL  HEAT. 

Reidpath  (U.S.A.),  i;  Braun  (Germany),  2;  Lindberg  (U.S.A.),  3;  Mere- 
dith (U.S.A.),  4;  Haff  (U.S.A.),  5;  time,  481-55. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 
George    IT.    Gnulding,    Canada,    and    Ernest    J.    Webb,    Great    Britain,    first    and 

second    in    1I:e    10. <!():>    Meters    Walk. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  US 

800  METERS   RUN. 

(874  yards  32  inches.) 

Olympic  record — im.  51.95.;  J.  E.  Meredith   (U.S.A.),  Stockholm,   1912. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896,  E.  H.  Flack  (Great  Brit- 
ain), 2m.  us.  Paris,  1900,  A.  E.  Tysoe  (Great  Britain),  2m.  12-55. 
St.  Louis,  1904,  J.  I).  Lightbody  (U.S.A.),  im.  565.  Athens,  1906 — 
P.  H.  Pilgrim  (U.S.A.),  2m.  i  1-55.  London,  1908,  M.  W.  Sheppard 
(U.S.A.),  im.  52  4-55. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — D.  N.  Caldwell  (U.S.A.),  i;  E.  Lunghi  (Italy),  2;  time,  im. 
583-55.  Second  heat — P.  E.  Mann  (Great  Britain),  i;  H.  N.  Putnam 
(U.S.A.),  2;  time,  im.  565.  Third  heat— J.  P.  Jones  (U.S.A.),  i;  A. 
Z.  Cortesao  (Portugal),  2;  time,  2m.  i  4-55.  Fourth  heat — C.  S. 
Edmundson  (U.S.A.),  i;  J.  L.  Tait  (Canada),  2;  time,  im.  56.55.  Fifth 
heat — I.  N.  Davenport  (U.S.A.),  i;  F.  H.  Hulford  (Great  Britain),  2; 
time,  im.  595.  Sixth  heat— H.  W.  Holden  (U.S.A.),  i;  E.  Bjorn 
(Sweden),  2;  time,  im.  58.15.  Seventh  heat — J.  T.  Soutter  (Great 
Britain),  i;  M.  W.  Sheppard  (U.S.A.),  2;  time,  2m.  2-53.  Eighth 
heat— G.  M.  Brock  (Canada),  i;  J.  E.  Meredith  (U.S.A.),  2;  time, 
im.  575.  Ninth  heat — E.  J.  Henley  (Great  Britain),  i;  H.  Braun  (Ger- 
many), 2;  time,  im.  57  3-55. 

WINNERS  OF   SEMI-FIN.AL  HEATS. 

First  heat— Meredith  (U.S.A.),  i;  Braun  (Germany),  2;  Sheppard  (U.S.A.), 
3;  Putnam  (U.S.A.),  4;  time,  im.  542-55.  Second  heat — Brock  (Can- 
ada), i;  Edmundson  (U.S.A.),  2;*  Caldwell  (U.S.A.),  3;  Davenport 
(U.S.A.),  4;  time,  im.  55  7-105. 

FINAL  HEAT. 
Meredith   (U.S.A.),  i;  Sheppard   (U.S.A.),  2;  Davenport  (U.S.A.),  3;  time, 

im.   51.95. 

Meredith    continued    running   to   a   mark   at   880    yards,    the   time   for   the 
latter  distance  being  im.  52  1-23. 


1500   METERS   RUN. 

(1,640  yards   15  inches.) 

Olympic  record — 3m.  564-55.;  A.  N.  S.  Jackson  (Great  Britain),  Stock- 
holm, 1912. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896 — E.  H.  Flack  (Great  Brit- 
ain), 4m.  33  1-55.  Paris,  1900,  C.  Bennett  (Great  Britian),  4m.  6s. 
St.  Louis,  1904,  J.  D.  Lightbody  (U.S.A.),  4m.  5  2-55.  Athens,  1906, 
J.  D.  Lightbody  (U.S.A.),  4m.  125.  London,  1908,  M.  W.  Sheppard 
(U.S.A.),  4m.  3  2-ss. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat— M.  W.  Sheppard  (U.S.A.),  i;  L.  C.  Madeira  (U.S.A.),  2; 
time,  4m.  27.65.  Second  heat— N.  S.  Taber  (U.S.A.),  i ;  P.  J.  Baker 
(Great  Britain),  2;  time,  4m.  25.55.  Third  heat — A.  R.  Kiviat 
(U.S.A.),  i;  H.  Arnaud  (France),  2;  time,  4m.  42-55.  Fourth  heat — 
A.  N.  S.  Jackson  (Great  Britain),  i;  J.  P.  Jones  (U.S.A.),  2;  time. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES   AT    STOCKHOLM,  SWEDEN,   1912. 

E.  Lemming,  Sweden,    winner  of  Throwing-  the  Javelin,    best   hand.     Distance, 
198ft.  11  3-8in. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  117 

4m.  104-55.  Fifth  heat — J.  Zander  (Sweden),  i;  E.  Bjorn  (Sweden),  2; 
time,  4m.  5.53.  Sixth  heat — E.  von  Siegel  (Germany),  i;  O.  F.  Hed- 
lund  (U.S.A.),  2;  time,  4m.  9.35.  Seventh  heat — E.  Wide  (Sweden;,  i; 
W.  McClure  (U.S.A.),  2;  time.  4m.  6s. 

FINAL  HEAT. 

Jackson    (Great  Britain),    i;   Kiviat    (U.S.A.),  2;  Taber   (U.S.A.),  3;   Jones 
(U.S.A.),   4;   time,   3m.    564-55. 


5000  METERS  RUN. 

(3.10685  miles.) 

Olympic  record — 1401.  36  3-55.;  H.  Kolehmaineii  (Finland),  Stockholm, 
1912.  Stockholm  Olympiad  was  the  first  to  have. a  race  at  this  distance. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — G.  V.  Bonhag  (U.S.A.),  i;  A.  Decoteau  (Canada),  2;  F.  N. 
Hibbins  (Great  Britain),  3;  time,  15111.  22  3-55.  Second  heat — H.  L. 
Scott  (U.S.A.),  i;  J.  Keeper  (Canada),  2;  G.  W.  Hutson  (Great 
Britain),  3;  time,  ism.  23.55.  Third  heat — M.  Carlsson  (Sweden),  i; 
E.  Glover  (Great  Britain),  2;  C.  H.  A.  Porter  (Great  Britain),  3; 
time,  ism.  343-55.  Fourth  heat — H.  Kolehmainen  (Finland),  i;  H. 
Nordstrom  (Sweden),  2;  T.  L.  Berna  (U.S.A.),  3;  time,  ism.  38.98. 
Fifth  heat— J.  Bouin  (France),  i;  T.  Ohlsson  (Sweden),  2;  F.  W. 
Johansson  (Finland),  3;  time,  ism.  53. 

FINAL  HEAT. 

Kolehmainen  (Finland),  i;  Bouin  (France),  2;  Hutson  (Great  Britain),  3; 
Bonhag  (U.S.A.),  4;  Berna  (U.S.A.),  5;  time,  14111.  363-58. 


10,000  METERS. 

(6.21370  miles.) 

Olympic  record — 3im.  204-55.;  H.  Kolehmainen  (Finland),  Stockholm, 
1912.  Stockholm  Olympiad  was  the  first  to  hold  a  race  at  this  distance. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — H.  Kolehmainen  (Finland),  i;  J.  Keeper  (Canada),  2;  G. 
Heuet  (France),  3;  J.  Eke  (Sweden),  4;  E.  Glover  (Great  Britain),  5; 
time,  33m.  495.  Second  heat — L.  Richardson  (South  Africa),  i;  L. 
Tewanima  (U.S.A.),  2;  M.  Carlsson  (Sweden),  3;  A.  Stenroos  (Fin- 
land), 4;  A.  Orlando  (Italy),  5;  time,  32m.  30.35.  Third  heat — T. 
Kolehmainen  (Finland),  i;  W.  Scott  (Great  Britain),  2;  H.  L.  Scott 
(U.S.A.),  3;  M.  Persson  (Sweden),  4;  II.  F.  Maguire  (U.S.A.),  5; 
time,  32m.  47  4-55. 

FINAL  HEAT. 

H.  Kolehmainen  (Finland),  i;  Tewanima  (U.S.A.),  2;  Stenroos  (Swe- 
den), 3;  Keeper  (Canada),  4;  Orlando  (Italy),  5;  time,  aim.  204-53. 


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SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  119 

RELAY  RACES. 

In  the  400  meters  relay  each  team  was  restricted  to  four  runners,  each 
of  whom  was  to  run  100  meters,  carrying  in  his  hand  a  baton  which  had 
to  be  passed  to  the  runner  relieving  him  on  the  mark.  The  baton  could  be 
passed  within  a  space  of  10  meters  on  either  side  of  the  100  meters  mark. 
The  teams  from  the  United  States  and  Germany  were  disqualified  because 
the  officials  reported  that  the  baton  was  passed  outside  the  10  meter 
boundary. 

400  METERS  RELAY. 

(437  yards  16  inches.) 

Teams  of  four  men,   each  man  to   run   100   meters. 

Olympic  record — 42.35.;  German  team  (E.  Kern,  M.  Hermann,  R.  Rau  and 
K.  Halt).  Stockholm  Olympiad  was  the  first  to  have  a  race  at  this 
distance. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TEAMS. 

United  States — C.  P.  Wilson,  F.  V.  Belote,  J.  I.  Courtney  and  C.  L. 
Cooke. 

Great  Britain — W.  R.  Applegarth,  V.  H.  A.  D'Arcy,  H.  M.  Macintosh, 
and  D.  H.  Jacobs. 

Canada — F.  D.  McConnell,  J.  A.  Howard,  H.  B.  Beasley  and  F.  L. 
Lukeman. 

Sweden — K.   Lindberg,   I.   Moller,  C.   Luther  and  T.  Persson. 

Germany — E.   Kern,   M.   Hermann,   R.   Rau  and  K.   Halt. 

Austria — G.   Krojer,   R.   Rauch,   F.   Weinzinger  and  F.   Fleischer. 

France — P.  Failliot,  G.  J.   B.   Rolot,   R.   Mourlon  and  C.  L.   Lelong. 

Hungary — I.  Jankovich,  F.   Szobota,  V.  Racz  and  P.   Szalai. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — Canada,  walkover,  46  1-53.  Second  heat — United  States,  walk- 
over, 43. 78.  Third  heat — Great  Britain,  walkover,  453.  Fourth  heat — 
Sweden,  walkover,  43.63.  Fifth  heat — Germany  defeated  Austria, 
43.65.  Sixth  heat — Hungary  defeated  France,  43.7. 

WINNERS  OF  SEMI-FINAL  HEATS. 
First   heat — Great    Britain,    435.      Second    heat — Germany    defeated    Canada, 

42.35.      Third    heat — Sweden    defeated   Hungary,    42.55. 

United  States  team  finished  first  in  first  heat,  but  was  disqualified  for 
passing  baton  outside  of  bounds. 

FINAL  HEAT. 
Great  Britain,    i;    Sweden,  2;   time,   422-55. 

German  team  finished  second,  but  was  disqualified  for  passing  the  baton 
outside  of  bounds. 


1600  METERS  RELAY. 

(1749.7776  yards.) 
Teams  of  four  men,  each  man  to  run  400  meters. 

Olympic  record — 3m.    163-55.;   United   States  team    (J.  E.  Meredith,  M.  W. 

Sheppard,  E.  F.  Lindberg  and  C.  D.  Reidpath). 
Winners    at    Previous    Olympiads — Athens,    1906;    Paris,    1900;    St.    Louis, 

1904;  no  relay  race  on  programme.     London,  1906,  United  States  team 


OLYMPIC    GAMES   AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN, 
Duke  Kahanamokii,  winner  of   the   100  Meters   Swim,    after  being  crowned  by 
His   Majesty   King  Gustave  V.   of  Sweden. 


STANDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  121 

(W.  F.  Hamilton,  N.  J.  Cartmell,  J.  B.  Taylor  and  M.  W.  Sheppanl), 
two  men  running  200  meters,  one  400  meters  and  one  800  meters, 
3m.  27  i-ss. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,   1912. 
TEAMS. 

Canada— G.   M.   Brock,  J.   L.  Tait,  J.  A.  Howard  and  F.  H.  Gallon. 

Great  Britain— J.  T.  Soutter,  C.  N.  Seedhouse,  G.  Nicol  and  E.  J. 
Henley. 

United  States — J.  E.  Meredith,  M.  W.  Sheppard,  E.  F.  Lindberg  and 
C.  D.  Reidpath. 

Germany — H.   Braun,   M.    Herrmann,  E.   Lehmann  and  H.   Burkowitz. 

France — C.  O.  C.  Pouleriard,  P.  Falliot,  C.  L.  Lelong  and  R.  Schurrer. 

Sweden — J.   Dahlin,  K.   Stenborg,   E.   Lindholm  and  P.  Zerling. 

Hungary — I.  Devan,  F.  Mezei,  E.  Szerelemhegyi  and  O.   Bodor. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — Great  Britain  defeated  Canada,  3m.  195.  Second  heat — United 
States  defeated  Germany,  3m.  23.35.  Third  heat — France,  i ;  Sweden, 
2;  Hungary,  3;  time,  3m.  22.55. 

FINAL  HEAT. 
United   States,    i;   France,   2;   Great  Britain,  3;   time,  3m.    163-55. 


3000  METERS  TEAM    RACE. 

(3280.833  yards.) 

Olympic  record — 8m.  36  4-55. ;  H.  Kolehmainen  (Finland  team — H.  Koleh- 
mainen,  E.  Harju,  F.  W.  Johansson,  A.  Lindholm  and  A.  Stenross). 
Stockholm  Olympiad  was  the  first  to  have  a  race  at  this  distance. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TEAMS. 

United    States — G.    V.    Bonhag,    T.    S.    Berna,    A.    R.    Kiviat,   H.    L.    Scott 
and  N.   S.  Taber. 

Finland — H.  Kolehmainen,  E.  Harju,  F.  W.  Joha/isson,  A.  Lindholm  and 
A.   Stenroos. 

Germany — G.    Mickler,    G.    Amberger,    E.    von    Siegel,   J.    Person    and    G. 
Vietz. 

Sweden— B.  Fock,  N.  Frykberg,  E.  Wide,  T.  Ohlsson  and  J.  Zander. 
Great   Britain — C.   H.    A.    Porter,   E.    Owen,   G.    W.    Hutson,   W.    Cottrell 
and  W.  C.  Moore. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — United  States  first,  9  points;  Finland  second,  12  points.  Sec- 
ond heat — Sweden  first,  9  points;  Germany  second,  12  points.  Third 
heat — Great  Britain  first,  walkover. 

FINAL  HEAT. 

United  States  first  (Berna  i,  Taber  3,  Bonhag  5),  9  points;  Sweden  second 
(Ohlsson  2,  Wide  4,  Fock  7),  13  points;  Great  Britain  third  (Cott- 
rell 6,  Hutson  8,  Moore  9),  23  points.  Time,  8m.  443-53. 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM, 

SWEDEN,   1912. 

Andrew    Sockalexis,    America,    finish- 
ing  fourth   in   Marathon    Race. 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM, 

SWEDEN,    1912. 

S.  Jacobson.  Sweden,  who  finished 
sixth  in  Marathon  Race.  His  time, 
2h.  43m.  24  9-10s. 


SI'ALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  123 

CROSS-COUNTRY   RACE. 

(About  8,000  meters.-) 

An  Olympic  record  cannot  be  considered,  as  the  number  of  obstacles  and 
their  height  has  been  different  in  every  race. 

The  cross-country  race  at  Stockholm,  1912,  was  the  first  race  of  this 
kind  on  any  Olympiad  programme.  The  race  was  both  individual  and  team. 

STOCKHOLM  .OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

1.  H.   Kolehmainen,   Finland 45m.  n  3-55. 

2.  H.   Andersen,    Sweden 45m.  44  4-55. 

3.  J.   Eke,   Sweden 46m.  37  3-58. 

4.  J.    Eskola,    Finland 46m.  54  4-55. 

5.  J.    Ternstrom,    Sweden 47m.  oo./s. 

6.  A.   Stenroos,  Finland 47m.  23  2-53. 

7.  J.  W.  Kyronen,  Finland 47m.  325. 

8.  L.    Richardson,    South    Africa. 47m.  33.55. 

9.  B.    Larsson,    Sweden 47m.  37  2-55. 

i  o.  J.    Sundqvist,    Sweden 47m.  403. 

11.  F.   W.  Johansson,   Finland 48m.  35. 

12.  H.   H.   Hellawell,   U.S.A 48m.  125. 

13.  K.    Lundstrom,    Sweden 48m.  45  2-55. 

14.  L.    Christiansen,    Denmark 49m.  6  2-55. 

1 5.  F.  N.   Hibbins,   Great  Britain 49m.  18  1-55. 

1 6.  E.  Glover,  Great  Britain 49m.  53.78. 

1 7.  B.    Fock,    Sweden 5om.  1 5  4-55. 

1 8.  T.   Humphreys,   Great   Britain 5om.  285. 

19.  O.  Hovdenak,  Norway 5om.  40  4-53. 

20.  P.   Finnerud,   Norway 5im.  16  1-55. 

21.  G.    Carl<§n,    Sweden 5im.  26  4-53. 

22.  J.   Andersen,    Norway Sim.  47  2-55. 

23.  V.   Pedersen,   Denmark 53m.  oo  4-55. 

24.  H.  L.   Scott,  U.S.A 53m.  512-55. 

25.  W.    Heikkila,    Finland 54m.  8s. 

TEAM  SCORE. 

Sweden    (2 — 3 — 5)    first,    10    points;    Finland    (i — 4 — 6)    second,    ir  points; 
Great  Britain   (15. — 16 — 18)   third,  49  points. 


10,000   METERS   WALK. 

(6.21370  miles.) 

Olympic  record — 46m.   282-55.;  G.  H.  Goulding   (Canada),  Stockholm,   1912. 
The  only  Olympiad  at  which  a  walk  was  held  at  this  distance. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  Heat. 

1.  G.   H.   Goulding,   Canada 47m.    141-25. 

2.  E.  J.  Webb,  Great  Britain 47m.   25  2-53. 

3.  A.   Rasmussen,  Denmark 48m.    1 5  4-55. 

4.  F.  Altimani,  Italy 48m.   54  1-55. 

5.  W.  J.  Palmer,  Great  Britain Sim.  2is. 


Sl'ALDIXG'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  125 

Second  Heat. 

T.  W.  G.  Yates,  Great  Britain 49m.  43  3-55. 

8,   A.  C.  C.   St.  Norman,  South  Africa 5om.   17.95. 

3.   T.  H.  Dumbill,   Great  Britain som.   57  3'5S- 

'i     \'     E.    Gylke,    Denmark Sim.    13  4-55. 

5.   F.  H.  Kaiser,  U.S. A Sim.   31  4-SS. 

FINAL  HEAT. 

i    G.  H.  Goulding,  Canada 46m.  28  2-55. 

2.  E.   T.  Webb,   Great  Britain 46m.   50  2-53. 

3.  F.  Altimani,  Italy 47m.   37  3'5S. 

4.  A.   Rasmussen,    Denmark 48m. 

Only  four  men  finished.  

RUNNING    HIGH    JUMP. 

Olympic   record — 6ft.    3-98in.;   A.    W.    Richards    (U.S.A.),    Stockholm,    1912. 

U' inner  s  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896,  E.  W.  Clark  (U.S.A.),  5 ft. 
ii  i-4in.  Paris,  1900,  I.  K.  Baxter  (U.S.A.),  6ft.  24-5111.  St.  Louis, 
1904,  S.  S.  Jones  (U.S.A.),  sft.  nin.  Athens,  1906,  C.  Leahy  (Great 
Britain),  sft.  9  7-8111.  London,  1908,  H.  F.  Porter  (U.S.A.),  6ft.  3in. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

This  event  was  held  in  heats,  competitors  clearing  183  centimeters   (6  feet 
i -jo  inch)   qualifying  for  the  final. 

SUMMARY. 

Richards     (U.S.A.),    first,    6ft.    3-98in.;     Leische     (Germany),    second,     6ft. 
3.i9in.;  Horine   (U.S.A.),  third,  6ft.  2  2-sin.;  Thorpe   (U.S.A.),  fourth, 
:lt    (U.S.A.)    and    Erickson    (U.S.A.),    tied    for    fifth, 


6ft.    iin.;    Grumpe 
6ft.   i- 


STANDING    HIGH   JUMP. 

Olympic  record  —  sft.  sin.;  Ray  C.  Ewry   (U.S.A.),  Paris,  1900. 

Winners   at   Previous    Olympiads  —  Athens,    1896;    event   not   on    programme. 

Paris,   1900,  Ray  C.   Ewry   (U.S.A.),  sft.  sin.     St.  Louis,   1904,  Ray  C. 

Ewry    (U.S.A.),  4ft.    nin.     Athens,    1906,   Ray   C.    Ewry    (U.S.A.),   sft. 

i  s-8in.     London,   1908,  Ray  C.  Ewry   (U.S.A.),  sft.  2in. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

This  event  was  held  in  heats,  competitors  clearing  150  centimeters  (4  feet 
ii  1-20  inches)   qualifying  for  the  final. 

•  SUMMARY. 

P.  Adams  (U.S.A.),  first,  sft.  41-51".;  B.  W.  Adams  (U.S.A.),  second, 
5ft.  3in.  ;  C.  Tsiclitiras  (Greece),  third,  sft.  iin.  ;  L.  Goehring  (U.S.A.), 
R.  L.  Byrd  (U.S.A.)  and  E.  Moller  (Sweden),  tied  for  fourth,  4ft. 


RUNNING   BROAD  JUMP. 

Olympic  record  —  24ft.  n  i-sin;  A.  L.  Gutterson  (U.S.A.),  Stockholm,  1912. 
Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads—  Athens,  1896,  E.  W.  Clark  (U.S.A.),  2oft. 

9  3*4in.      Paris,    1900,    A.    C.    Kraeiizlein    (U.S.A.),    23ft.    6  7-Sin.        St. 

Louis,   1904,  M.   Prinstein    (U.S.A.),  24ft.    iin.     Athens,    1906,  M.   Prin- 

stein    (U.S.A.),    23ft.    7  i-2in.      London,    1908,    F.    C.    Irons    (U.S.A.); 

24ft.  6  i-2in. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  127 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

This  competition   was  held  in  heats,  the  three  men  having  the  best  jumps 
of  all  the  competitors  qualifying  for  the  final. 

SUMMARY. 

A.  L.  Gutterson  (U.S.A.),  first,  24ft.  n  i-sin.;  C.  D.  Bricker  (Canada), 
second,  23ft.  Sin. ;  G.  Aberg  (Sweden),  third,  23ft.  63-45.;  H.  T. 
Worthington  (U.S.A.),  fourth,  23ft.  63-8in.;  E.  L.  Mercer  (U.S.A.), 
fifth,  22ft.  io4-ioin.;  F.  H.  Allen  (U.S.A.),  sixth,  22ft.  92-10111.; 
James  Thorpe  (U.S.A.),  seventh,  22ft.  7i-4in.;  R.  Paseman  (Ger- 
many), eighth,  22ft.  4i-2in.;  F.  C.  Irons  (U.S.A.),  ninth,  22ft. 
37-ioin.;  R.  F.  Bie  (Norway),  tenth,  22ft.  i  3-4in. ;  S.  S.  Abrahams 
(Great  Britain),  eleventh,  22ft.  n-2oin.;  E.  L.  Farrell  (U.S.A.), 
twelfth,  22ft.  3-2oin.  

STANDING  BROAD  JUMP. 

Olympic  record — lift.  4  7-8in.;  Ray  C.  Ewry   (U.S.A.),   St.   Louis,   1904. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896;  event  not  on  programme. 
Paris,  1900,  Ray  C.  Ewry  (U.S.A.),  toft.  6  2-sin.  St.  Louis,  1904,  Ray 
C.  Ewry  (U.S.A.),  uft.  4  7-8in.  Athens,  1906,  Ray  C.  Ewry  (U.S.A.), 
loft.  loin.  London,  1908,  Ray  C.  Ewry  (U.S.A.),  loft,  n  i-4in. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

This  event  was  held  in  heats,  the  three  men  of  all  the  competitors  having 
the  best  jumps  qualifying  for  the  final. 

SUMMARY. 

C.  Tsiclitiras  (Greece),  first,  uft.  i-4in.;  Platt  Adams  (U.S.A.),  second, 
uft.  2-sin, ;  B.  W.  Adams  (U.S.A.),  third,  loft.  9  i-sin.;  G.  Malmsten 
(Sweden),  fourth,  loft.  6in.;  L.  Goehring  (U.S.A.)  and  E.  Moller 
(Sweden),  tied  for  fifth,  loft.  3  3-sin.;  A.  Baronyi  (Hungary),  sev- 
enth, loft.  3  i-sin.;  R.  L.  Byrd  (U.S.A.),  eighth,  loft.  24-5111.;  F. 
Fletcher  (U.S.A.),  ninth,  loft.  29-2oin.;  A.  Motte  (France),  tenth, 
loft.  2i-2oin.;  S.  Ljunggren  (Sweden),  eleventh,  loft,  i  i3-2oin.;  B. 
Brodtkorb  (Norway),  twelfth,  loft.  i-2oin. 


RUNNING   HOP,  STEP  AND  JUMP. 

Olympic   record — 48ft.    n  i-4in. ;    T.   J.    Ahearne    (Great   Britain),   London, 

1908. 
Winners  at   Previous   Olympiads — Athens,    1896,    J.    B.    Connolly    (U.S.A.), 

45ft.      Paris,    1900,    M.    Prinstein    (U.S.A.),    47ft.    4  i-4in.       St.    Louis, 

1904,  M.  Prinstein  (U.S.A.),  47ft.    London,  1908,  T.  J.  Ahearne  (Great 

Britain),  48ft.   n  i-4in. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

This  event  was  held  in  heats,  the  three  men  having  the  best  jump  of  all 
the  competitors  qualifying  for  final. 

SUMMARY. 

G.  Lindblom  (Sweden),  first,  48ft.  sin.;  G.  Aberg  (Sweden),  second,  47ft. 
7in.;  E.  Almloff  (Sweden),  third,  46ft.  6in.;  E.  Winne  (Norway), 
fourth,  46ft.  47-ioin.;  P.  Adams  (U.S.A.),  fifth,  46ft.  2  7-ioin.;  E. 
Larsen  (Norway),  sixth,  46ft.  i  n-2oin.;  H.  Ohjsson  (Sweden),  sev- 
enth, 4sft.  ii  n-2oin.;  N.  Fixdal  (Norway),  eighth,  4$ft.  gin.;  C. 


SPALBING'S   ATHLKTH'  LIBRARY.  129 

Brickley  (U.S.A.;,  ninth,  45ft.  6  9-2oin.;  G.  Norden  (Sweden),  tenth, 
45ft.  37-ioin.;  J.  Halme  (Finland),  eleventh,  45ft.  ^g-ioin.;  I.  Lind- 
holm  (Sweden),  twelfth,  45ft.  ig-2oin. 


POLE   VAULT. 

Olympic  record — i2ft.    n  i-2in.;   H.   S.   Babcock    (U.S.A.),   Stockholm,   1912. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896,  Hoyt  (U.S.A.),  loft.  9  3-4111. 
Paris,  1900,  I.  K.  Baxter  (U.S.A.),  io,ft.  9-9in.  St.  Louis,  1904,  C.  E. 
Dvorak  (U.S.A.),  nft.  6in.  Athens,  1906,  Gouder  (France),  lift.  6in. 
London,  1908,  A.  C.  Gilbert  and  E.  T.  Cooke  (U.S.A.),  i2ft.  2in. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

This   event   was   held   in   heats,   competitors   clearing   365    centimeters    (u 
feet   1 1  3-4  inches)    qualifying  for  the  finaf! 

SUMMARY. 

H.  S.  Babcock  (U.S.A.),  first,  i2ft.  n  i-2in.;  F.  T.  Nelson  (U.S.A.)  and 
M.  S.  Wright  (U.S.A.),  tied  for  second,  i2ft.  7  i-2in.;  B.  Uggla  (Swe- 
den), F.  D.  Murphy  (U.S.A.)  and  W.  Happenny  (Canada),  tied  for 
third,  i2ft.  s.6in.;  S.  H.  Bellah  (U.S.A.),  fourth,  i2ft.  3.6in.;  G.  B. 
Dukes  (U.S.A.),  F.  J.  Coyle  (U.S.A.)  and  W.  H.  Fritz  (U.S.A.),  tied 
for  fifth,  lift.  ii3-4in.;  R.  Paseman  (Germany),  sixth,  lift,  i.gin. 

THROWING  JAVELIN— HELD   IN    MIDDLE. 
Best   Hand. 

Olympic  record — 2ooft.  i  n-2oin.,  J.  J.  Saaristo   (Finland),  Stockholm,  1912. 
ll'inners  at  Previous  Olympiads — London,   1908,  E.   V.   Lemming   (Sweden), 
i79ft.    10  i-i2in. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,   1912. 

This   event   was   held   in    heats,    or   groups,   the   three    men    with   the   best 
throws  of  all  the  competitors  qualifying  for  final. 

SUMMARY. 

E.  Lemming  (Sweden),  won,  i98ft.  113-8111.;  J.  J.  Saaristo  (Finland), 
second,  igzit.  59-2oin.;  M.  Kovacs  (Hungary),  third,  i82ft.  iin.;  J. 
Halme  (Finland),  fourth,  i79ft.  3.57111.;  R.  Abrink  (Sweden),  fifth, 
i72ft.  . i6in. :  F.  Siikaniemi  (Finland),  sixth,  171  ft.  3.11  in.;  A.  Halse 
(Sweden),  seventh,  i7oft.  6.45iii.;  J.  Myyra  (Finland),  eighth,  i68ft. 
4.86in.;  V.  Peltonen  (Finland),  ninth,  i6ift.  sin.;  O.  Nilsson  (Swe- 
den), tenth,  i6ift.  4.2iin. ;  H.  Sonne  (Sweden),  eleventh,  is6ft. 
u.Ssin. ;  D.  W.  Johanson  (Norway),  twelfth,  is6ft.  2.4oin. 


THROWING  JAVELIN— HELD   IN    MIDDLE. 
Right  arfd   Left    Hand. 

Olympic  record — 3s8ft.   n.86in.;  J.   T.   Saaristo   (Finland),   Stockholm,   1912. 
Stockholm,   1912,  was  the  first  Olympiad  to  hold  this  event. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,   1912. 

This  event  was  held  in  heats,  or  groups,  the  three  competitors  having  the 
best  totals,  that  is,  the  throw  with  the  right  hand  and  the  throw  with  the 
left  hand,  added  together,  qualified  for  final. 


OLYMPIC   GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 
E.    Niklander,   Finland,   winner  of  third  place  in   Putting  Shot,   both   hands. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Liesche,    Germany,    second    in    Running    High    Jump. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  131 

SUMMARY. 

Right  Hand.  Left  Hand.  Total. 

J.  J.  Saaristo,  .Finland  2ooft.   i.57in.  isSft.  io.29in.  358ft.   n.86in. 

W.    Siikaniemi,    Finl'd   i77ft.  5.5111.  i54ft.  3  i9-2oin.  33ift.     9    9-2oin. 

U.    Peltonen,    Finland.    i75ft.  9.84Jn.  i53ft.  iin.  328ft.    io.84Jn. 

E.   Lemming,    Sweden,   igift.  4-45in.  i32ft.  i.O3Jn.  323ft.     5.48in. 

A.    Holse,    Norway.;.    iSoft.   7-3iin.  i37ft.  4-42in.  3i7ft.    ii.73Jn. 

R.    Abrink,    Sweden!,  .    i64ff.  2.48in.  i4ift.  4.osin.  3osft.     6.53in. 

D.   V.   Johansen,   Nor.    i6oft.  o.46in.  i44ft.  5.8sin.  3O4ft.      6. 31  in. 

O.    Nilsson,    Sweden..    i64ft.  8.76in.  i26ft.  n.22Jn.  29ift.     7.98in. 

J.  Halme,  Finland....    iSoft.    i.siin.  uoft.  4.4oin.  29oft.      s.giin. 

A.    Ohrling,    Sweden..    i52ft.   7.o9Jn.  i33ft.  4.78in.  ^8sft.    n.87in. 

S.    Hogander,    Sweden  i52it.  2.371*1.  i32ft.  6.94in.  284ft.     9-3iin. 

N.  Kovacs,  Hungary..   i82ft.    io.48in.  looft.  6.69|n.  283ft.      5.i7in. 

W.    Krigsman,    Sw'dn.   i53ft.  8.48in.  i27ft.  9-46in.  28ift.     s.94in. 

H.    Sonne,    Sweden...    isgft.  o.6sin.  logft.  8.2iiii.  268ft.     8.86in. 


THROWING    DISCUS—FREE    STYLE. 
Best   Hand. 

Olympic  record — i48ft.   3.9in. ;  A.  R.  Taipale  (Finland),   Stockholm,   1912. 
Winners  at  Previous   Olympiads — Athens,    1896,   R.   Garrett    (U.S.A.),   9sft. 

7  i-2in.       Paris,    1900,    Bauer    (Hungary),    n8ft.    2  9-ioin.       St.    Louis, 

1904,   M.   J.    Sheridan    (U.S.A.),    i28ft.    10  i-2in.      Athens,    1906,    M.   J. 

Sheridan     (U.S.A.).     i36ft.     i-3in.      London,     1908,     M.     J.     Sheridan 

(U.S.A.),   1 34ft.  2in. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

This   event   was   held   in    heats,    or   groups,    the   three    competitors   having 
best  throws  qualifying  for  the  final. 

SUMMARY. 

A.  R.  Taipale  (Finland),  won,  i48ft.  3. gin.;  R.  L.  Byrd  (U.S.A.),  second, 
i38ft.  ioi-ioin.;  J.  H.  Duncan  (U.S.A.),  third,  i38ft.  8n-2oin.;  E. 
Niklander  (Finland),  fourth,  i38ft.  i  i-ioin.;  H.  Tronner  (Austria), 
fifth,  i35ft.  3  6-ioin.;  A.  M.  Mucks  (U.S.A.),  sixth,  i34ft.  34-ioin.; 
G.  W.  Philbrook  (U.S.A.),  seventh,  i34ft.  3in.;  E.  Magnusson  (Swe- 
den), eighth,  i3oft.  n  i-4in.;  R.  Ujlaky  (Hungary),  ninth,  isoft. 
77-ioin.;  E.  Nilsson  (Sweden),  tenth,  i3oft.  26-ioin.;  R.  Rose 
(U.S.A.),  eleventh,  i3oft.  iin.;  E.  J.  Muller  (U.S.A.),  twelfth,  i29ft. 


THROWING    DISCUS— BOTH    RIGHT   AND    LEFT    HAND. 

Olympic    record — 271  ft.     lo.igin.;     A.     R.     Taipale     (Finland),     Stockholm, 
1912.     Stockholm  Olympiad  was  the  first  to  hold  this  event. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

The  event  was  held  in  heats,  or  groups,  the  three  competitors  having  the 
best  totals,  that  is,  the  throw  with  right  hand  and  the  throw  with  the  left 
hand,  added  together,  qualified  for  the  final. 

SUMMARY. 

Right  Hand.  Left  Hand.  Total. 

A.   R.   Taipale,   Finland..    i46ft.   7  i-2'oin.      i2sft.   i  8-ioin.  27ift.    10.19111. 

E.    Niklander,     Finland..    i32ft.    i  8-ioin.      i23ft.   7  9-2oin.  255ft.  9  5-2oin. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,   SWEDEN,   1912. 

Finish   of   the  Team   Race.      Tel  S.  Berna,    America,    winning;  Ohlsson,  Sweden, 
second,    and    Taber,    America,    third. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Lindberg  touching  off  Reidpath  about  20  yards  ahead  of  the  French  team  in 
the  1600  Meters  Relay  Race,  which  was  won  by  the  American  team  mm 
posed  of  Meredith.  Sheppard,  Lindberg  and  Reidpath 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY. 


133 


E.  Magnusson,  Sweden 
E.  Nilsson,  Sweden  
J.  H.  Duncan,  U.S.A.. 
E.  J.  Muller,  U.S.A... 
F.  Fleetwood,  Sweden 
C  Lind  Sweden 

U3ft. 
1  34ft. 
i3oft. 
J3oft. 

I2lft. 
I  I  2ft. 

i.  63in. 
5  3-4in. 
6  3-2om. 
8  9-10111. 
2  7-10111. 
2  o-2oin. 

I20ft. 

99ft. 

I02ft. 

97ft. 

I02ft. 
I  loft. 

N  Lind  Sweden 

Ildft 

o  3-2oin. 

io5ft. 

G.  Nilsson,  Sweden... 
E.  Lemming,  Sweden  . 
W.  Jarvinen,  Finland. 

i  i  ^.i  i. 
120ft. 
I  24ft. 
I  24ft. 

1  1  3-2oin. 
2  i  i-2oin. 
i  n-2oin. 

99ft. 
95ft. 
94ft. 

8.42in.  253ft.  lo.osin. 

9  i-4in.  234ft.  ain. 

10  s-2oin.  233ft.  4  4-1  oin. 

6  9-2oin.  228ft.  3  7-2oiii. 

7  i-ioin.  223ft.  9  8-ioin. 

11  i-2in.  223ft.  i  19-20111. 
4  1 1 -20111.  22oft.  i  7-10111. 
2  3-2oin.  22oft.  i  3-ioin. 

10  8-2ojn.  22oft.  19-20111. 

7  8-ioin.  2 1 8ft.  9  7-20111. 

SHOT   PUT— BEST   HAND. 

(16  pounds.) 

Olympic  record — soft.  3-9in.;  P.  McDonald  (U.S.A.),   Stockholm,  1912. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896,  R.  Garrett  (U.S.A.),  36ft. 
2in.  Paris,  1900,  R.  Sheldon  (U.S.A.),  46ft.  3  i-8in.  St.  Louis,  1904, 
R.  Rose  (U.S.A.),  48ft.  7in.  Athens,  1906,  M.  J.  Sheridan  (U.S.A.), 
4oft.  4  4-sin.  London,  1908,  R.  Rose  (U.S.A.),  46ft.  7  i-2in. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

This  event  was  held  in  heats,  the  three  men  with  the  best  put  of  all  the 
competitors  qualifying  for  the  final. 

SUMMARY. 

P.  McDonald  (U.S.A.),  first,  soft.  3  9-ioin.,  R.  Rose  (U.S.A.),  second,  soft. 
2-sin.;  L.  A.  Whitney  (U.S.A.),  third,  45ft.  82-sin.;  E.  Niklander 
(Finland),  fourth,  44ft.  94-ioin.;  G.  W.  Philbrook  (U.S.A.),  fifth, 
43ft.  9-ioin.;  I.  Mudin  (Hungary),  sixth,  42ft.  3-ioin. ;  E.  Nilsson 
(Sweden),  seventh,  4ift.  4i7-2oin.;  P.  Quinn  (Great  Britain),  eighth, 
4ift.  i  3-ioin.;  A.  Tison  (France),  ninth,  4oft.  86-ioin.;  P.  Aho 
(Finland),  tenth,  4oft.  82-ioin.;  M.  Dorizas  (Greece),  eleventh,  3oft. 
6  4-1  oin.;  A.  Lenzi  (Italy),  twelfth,  37ft.  n  i-2in. 

SHOT  PUT— RIGHT  AND   LEFT   HAND. 

Ol\mpic  record — Right  hand,  49ft.  6. sin. ;  left  hand,  4oft.  lo.gin.;  both 
hands,  9oft.  5-4in.;  R.  Rose  (U.S.A.),  Stockholm,  1912.  Stockholm, 
1912,  was  the  first  Olympiad  to  have  this  event  on  its  programme. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,   1912. 

The  event  was  held  in  heats,  the  three  men  having  the  best  puts  of  all 
the  competitors  qualifying  for  the  final. 

SUMMARY. 


Right  Hand. 

Left  Hand. 

Total. 

R. 

Rose,    U.S.A  

49ft. 

6 

-Sin. 

4oft. 

io-9in. 

9oft. 

5. 

,4111. 

P. 

McDonald,  U.S.A  

49ft. 

ij 

4oft. 

10 

3:2oin. 

9oft. 

3 

17-20111. 

E. 

Niklander,    Finland.  .  . 

48ft. 

3 

.Sin. 

4oft. 

8 

.9in. 

89ft. 

.osin. 

L. 

A.    Whitney,    U.S.A.. 

44ft. 

2 

7-ioin. 

34ft. 

1  1 

7-  1  oin. 

79ft. 

2 

4-10111. 

E. 

Nilsson,    Sweden  

4  1  ft. 

9-ioin. 

35ft. 

7 

3-2oin. 

76ft. 

8 

i-2oin. 

G 

Aho,    Finland  

41  ft. 

8 

i-A.in 

34ft. 

8 

i  i-2oin. 

76ft. 

5 

3-ioin. 

M. 

Megherian,    Turkey. 

.   35ft. 

7 

3-2oin. 

33ft. 

5 

n-2oin. 

69ft. 

7-  1  oin. 

THROWING   16-LB.  HAMMER. 

Olympic  record — i79ft.  7.nn. ;  M.  J.  McGrath    (U.S.A.),   Stockholm,   1912. 

U7inners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896;  event  not  on  programme. 
Paris,  1900,  J.  J.  Flanagan  (U.S.A.),  i67ft.  4in.  St.  Louis,  1904,  J.  J. 
Flanagan  (U.S.A.),  i68ft.  lin.  Athens,  1906;  event  not  on  programme, 
London,  1908,  J.  j.  Flanagan  (U.S.A.),  i7oft.  4  1-4111. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Final  of  the  1500  Meters  Run.  A.  N.  S.  Jackson,  Great  Britain,  winning 
A.  R.  Kiviat,  America,  second;  N.  S.  Taber,  America,  third,  and  J.  F 
Jones,  America,  fourth.  Time,  3m.  56  4-5s. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Finish    of    the    5,000   Meters   Run.      Hans    Kolehmainen    of    Finland,    defeating 
Jean  Bouin  of  France.     Time,  14iu.   36  3-5s. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  135 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,   1912. 

The   event    \vas    held    in    heats,   or   groups,    the   three   men   having   the   best 
throws  to  qualify  for  final. 

SUMMARY. 

M.  J.  McGrath  (U.S.A.),  first,  i79ft.  7-iin.;  Duncan  Gillis  (Canada),  sec- 
ond, isSft.  9  i-2\n.',  C.  C.  Childa  (I'.S.A.),  third,  isSft.  9-2oin.;  C.  J. 
Liiul  (Sweden),  fourth,  i49_ft.  7  13-20111.;  R.  Rose  (U.S.A.),  fifth, 
i39ft.  87-2oin.;  A.  Aberg  (Sweden),  sixth,  i34ft.  io-i-2in.;  B.  F. 
Shrrman  (U.S.A.),  seventh,  izjii.  27-20111.;  W.  Hackberg  (Sweden), 
eighth,  i26ft.  i  2-sin. 


TUG-OF-WAR. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896;  event  not  on  programme. 
Paris,  1900,  United  States.  St.  Louis,  1904,  United  States.  Athens, 
1906,  Germany.  London,  1908,  Great  Britain.  Stockholm,  1912, 
Sweden. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 
Sweden  won  from  Great  Britain  in  two  straight  pulls. 


PENTATHLON,    OR    ALL-AROUND  COMPETITION. 

Athens,  1906,  was  the  only  previous  Olympiad  to  hold  a  Pentathlon, 
which  consisted  of  the  following  competitions:  Standing  broad  jump, 
throwing  discus  (Greek  style),  throwing  javelin  (free  style),  running  i 
Olympic  stade  (192  meters),  and  wrestling  (Graeco-Rornan).  It  was  won  by 
H.  Mellander,  Sweden.  At  Stockholm,  1912,  the  events  were:  Running 
broad  jump,  throwing  the  javelin,  running  200  meters,  throwing  the  discus 
and  running  1,500  meters.  It  was  won  by  James  Thorpe,  U.S.A.  The 
scoring  at  Stockholm  was  done  by  points — i  for  first,  2  for  second,  3  for 
third,  etc.,  for  each  event — the  competitor  scoring  the  lowest  number,  win- 
ning. After  the  discus  throwing  all  the  competitors  were  eliminated  except 
the  six  with  lowest  number  of  points,  two  men  being  tied  for  sixth  place. 
Seven  started  in  the  1,500  meters  run.  (See  complete  table  of  scores  on 
page  137.) 

DECATHLON,  OR  ALL-AROUND  COMPETITION. 

Stockholm,  1912,  was  the  first  Olympiad  to  hold  this  event.  It  consisted 
of  100  meters  run,  running  broad  jump,  putting  the  shot,  running  high 
jump,  400  meters  run,  no  meters  hurdle,  throwing  the  discus,  pole  vault, 
throwing  the  javelin,  and  1,500  meters  run.  The  competitors'  perform- 
ances were  figured  by  percentages.  The  full  scores  of  the  first  six  men 
are  tabulated  on  page  139. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

K.    K.   McArthur,  South  Africa,  winning  the   Marathon  Race. 

Time,  2h.  36rn.  54  4:5s. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


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Place  .  . 
RUN.  BROAD  JUMP 
Performance. 

Place.  .. 
JAVELIN  
Performance. 

Place  .  .  . 
200  METERS  
Performance. 

Place  .  .  . 
DISCUS  
Performance. 

Place  .  .  . 
1500  METERS  
Performance. 

POINTS....  

OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 
Louis   Tewanima,    America,    finishing   second   to   Kolehmainen   in   10,000    Meters 


OLYMPIC   GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 
Colliding  leading  Webb  in  the  10,000  Meters  Walk. 


SPALDTNG'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


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POINTS. 

Other  compt 
6,758.780;  9th,  F. 

OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Gaston    Strobino,    the    first    American    home    in    the    Marathon    Race,    and    Man- 
ager  M.    P.    Halpin,    taken   shortly   after  Strobino   finished. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  141 

MARATHON   RACE 

(About  25  Miles.) 

An  Olympic  record  cannot  be  considered  on  account  of  the  differ- 
ence in  the  roads,  as  to  grades,  etc.,  of  the  various  courses. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896,  S.  Loues  (Greece), 
ah.  55m.  2os.  Paris,  1900,  Teato  (France),  2h.  59m.  St.  Louis, 
1904,  T.  J.  Hicks  (U.S.A.),  3h.  28m.  535.  Athens,  1906,  W.  J. 
Sherring  (Canada),  2h.  sim.  23  3-55.  London,  1908,  J.  J.  Hayes 
(U.S.A.),  2h.  55m.  182-53. 

STOCKHOLM  OLYMPIAD,  1912. 

1.  K.  K.  McArthur,  South  Africa 2h.  36m.  54  4-55, 

2.  C.  W.   Gitsham,   South  Africa 2h.  37111.   525. 

3.  G.   Strobino,   U.S. A 2h.  3801.  42  2-55. 

4.  A.    Sockalexis,    U.S. A 2h.  42m.   7.95. 

5.  J.    Duffy,    Canada 2h.  42m.   18  4-53. 

6.  S.    Jacobsson,    Sweden 2h.  43m.  24.95. 

7.  J.  J.   Gallagher,  U.S. A 2h.  44m.   19  2-55. 

8.  J.  Erxleben,  U.S.A 2h.  4sm.  47  1-55. 

9.  R.  F.  Piggott,  U.S.A.  . ah.  46m.  40.73. 

10.  J.   Forshaw,  U.S.A 2h.  49m.  49  2-53.  ' 

11.  E.   Fabre,   Canada 2h.  som.  36  1-55. 

12.  C.   H.   DeMar,   U.S.A 2h.   5om.  463-55. 

13.  Boissiere,   France    2h.   5im.  6.6s. 

14.  H.  Green,  Great  Britain 2h.   5201.    n  2-53. 

15.  H.  J.    Smith,   U.S.A ah.  52111.   134-53. 

1 6.  W.    C.    Forsyth,    Canada 2h.   52m.   233. 

17.  L.    Tewanima,   U.S.A 2h.  52m.  41  2-55. 

18.  T.  H.  Lilley,  U.S.A ah.   59m.  35  2-58. 

19.  A.    Townsend,   Great   Britain 3)1.   oom.   58. 

20.  F.  Kivieton,  Austria 3h.   oom.   483. 

21.  F.   Lord,   Great  Britain 3h.      im.  39  1-53. 

22.  J.    Westberg,    Sweden 3h.     2m.  5  1-53. 

23.  A.   Simonsen,  Norway 3h.     4m.   59  2-55. 

24.  C.  Andersson,  Sweden 3h.     6m.    133. 

25.  E.  W.  Lloyd,  Great  Britain 3h.     9m.  253. 

26.  H.   P.    Sakellaropoulos,   Greece 3h.   nm.  375. 

27.  Hj.  Dahlberg,  Sweden 3h.   13111.  32  1-55. 

28.  I.    Lundberg,    Sweden 3h.    i6m.   35  1-53. 

29.  J.  Christensen,   Denmark 3h.   2im.   57  2-53* 

30.  O.    Lodal,    Denmark.  ...... 3h.  2im.   57  3-53. 

31.  O.   Karpati,   Hungary 3h.  24m.   21  3-53. 

32.  C.  Nilsson,   Sweden 3h.  26m.   56  2-55 

33.  E.  Rath,  Austria 3h.  27m.   3  4-53 

34.  O.    Osen,   Norway 311.   36m.  35  1-53. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  143 

OLYMPIC   RECORDS   FOR   EVENTS   NOT 
ON  STOCKHOLM  PROGRAMME. 


60  METERS   RUN. 

(65  yards  22  1-5  inches.) 

Olympic  record — 75.;  A.  C.  Kraenzlein  (U.S.A.),  Paris,  1900,  and  A.  Hahn 

(U.S.A.)   St.  Louis,  1904. 

Winners   at   Previous   Olympiads — Athens,    1896;  no    race   at   this   distance. 

Paris,   1900,  A.  C.  Kraenzlein   (U.S.A.),  75.  St.   Louis,   1904,  A.  Hahn 

(U.S.A.),   75.     Athens,    1906;   London,   1908;  Stockholm,    1912;   no  race 

at  this  distance.  

200  METERS   HURDLE. 

(218  yards  26  inches.) 

Olympic  record — 243-55.;    H.    L.   Hillman    (U.S.A.),    St.   Louis,    1904.     No 
other  Olympiad  had  the  event  on  its  programme. 


400   METERS   HURDLE. 

(437  yards   1 6  inches.) 

Olympic  records — (aft.  hurdle),  553.;  C.  J.  Bacon  (U.S.A.),  London,  1908; 
(2ft.  6in.  hurdle),  535.,  H.  L.  Hillman  (U.S.A.),  St.  Louis,  1904. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896;  no  hurdle  race  at  this  dis- 
tance. Paris,  1900  (3ft.  hurdles),  J.  W.  B.  Tewksbury  (U.S.A.), 
573-SS.  St.  Louis,  1904  (2ft.  6in.  hurdles),  H.  L.  Hillman  (U.S.A.), 
535.  Athens,  1906;  no  hurdle  race  at  this  distance.  London,  1908 
(3ft.  hurdles),  C.  J.  Bacon  (U.S.A.),  555.  Stockholm,  1912;  no  hurdle 
race  at  this  distance. 

5   MILES    RUN. 

Olympic  record — 25m.   u  1-55.;  E.  R.  Voigt  (Great  Britain),  London,   1908. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896;  Paris,  1900;  St.  Louis, 
1904;  no  race  at  this  distance.  Athens,  1906,  H.  Hawtry  (Great 
Britain),  26m.  26  1-53.  London,  1908,  E.  R.  Voigt  (Great  Britain), 
25m.  u  1-55.  Stockholm,  1912;  no  race  at  this  distance. 


TEAM   RACES. 

The   following  team    races   were   not   on   the   programme  at    Stockholm   in 

1912,  but  are  given  as  a  matter  of  record. 

Olympic  records — Athens,  1906;  team  race  not  on  programme.  Paris,  1900, 
5000  meters,  won  by  Great  Britain.  St.  Louis,  1904,  4  miles,  won  by 
A.  L.  Newton  (United  States  team— A.  L.  Newton,  G.  B.  Underwood, 
H.  V.  Valentine,  P.  H.  Pilgrim  and  D.  C.  Munson),  2im.  174-58. 
Athens,  1906;  no  team  races  on  programme.  London,  1908 — 3  miles, 
J.  E.  Deakin  (Great  Britain  team— J.  E.  Deakin,  A.  J.  Robertson  and 
W.  Coales),  14111.  39  3-53. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES   'AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

American  Point  Winners  in  the  Pole  Vault— 1,  Frank  P.  Nelson.  Harvard 
Law  School,  formerly  of  Yale,  second;  2,  H.  S.  Babcock,  Columbia  University, 
first;  3,  M.  S.  Wright,  Dartmouth  College,  third 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC     LIBRARY.  145 

1500  METERS  WALK. 

(1640  yards  15  inches.) 

Olympic  record — 7m.   123-55.;  G.  V.  Bonhag   (U.S.A.),   Athens,  1906.     The 
only  Olympiad  at  which  a  walk  was  held  at  this  distance. 


3500  METERS  WALK. 

(2  miles  307  yards  23  inches.) 

Olympic  record — i4m.    555.;   G.    E.    Larner    (Great  Britain),    London,   1908. 
The  only  Olympiad  at  which  a  walk  was  held  at  this  distance. 


10   MILES   WALK. 

Olympic  record—  ih.    ism.   572-55.;   G.   E.  Larner   (Great  Britain),  London, 
1908.     The  only  Olympiad  at  which  a  walk  was  held  at  this  distance. 


STANDING  TRIPLE  JUMP. 

Olympic  record — 34ft.   8  i-2in. ;   Ray   C.   Ewry    (U.S.A.),   Paris,   1900. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896;  event  not  on  programme. 
Paris,  1900,  Ray  C.  Ewry  (U.S.A.),  34ft.  8  i-2in.  St.  Louis,  1904,  Ray 
C.  Ewry  (U.S.A.),  34it.  7  i-2in.  London,  1908;  Stockholm,*  1912; 
event  not  on  programme. 


STEEPLECHASE. 

An  Olympic  record  cannot  be  considered,  as  the  number  of  obstacles  and 

their  height  has  been  different  in  every  race. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896;  no  steeplechase  on  pro- 
gramme. Paris,  1900,  2,500  meters  (im.  974yds.  iin.),  G.  W.  Orton 
(U.S.A.),  7m.  345. ;  4,000  meters  (2m.  854yds.  i6in.),  C.  Rimmer 
(Great  Britain),  i2m.  582-55.  St.  Louis,  1904,  2,500  meters  (im. 
974yds.  iin.),  J.  D.  Lightbody  (U.S.A.),  7m.  39  3-55.  Athens,  1906; 
no  steeplechase  on  programme.  London,  1908,  3,500  meters  (2m. 
307yds.  23in.),  A.  Russell  (Great  Britain),  lorn.  474-55.  Stockholm, 
1912;  no  steeplechase  on  programme. 


THROWING  JAVELIN— FREE   STYLE. 

Olympic  record — i78ft.   7  i-2in.;    E.   V.    Lemming   (Sweden),   London,    190*. 
Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,    1906,  E.   V.   Lemming   (Sweden), 

1 75ft.    6in.      London,    1908,    E.    V.    Lemming    (Sweden),    i78ft.    7  i-zin. 

This  event  was  not  held  at  the  other  Olympiads. 


THROWING    DISCUS— GREEK   STYLE. 

Olympic  record — i24ft.  Sin. ;  M.  J.   Sheridan   (U.S.A.),  London,  1908. 

Winners    at    Previous    Olympiads — Athens,     1906,    W.    Jarvinen  (Finland), 

iiSft.  4in.      London,    1908,   M.  J.   Sheridan    (U.S.A.),   i24ft.  Sin.     This 

event  was  not  held  at  the  other  Olympiads. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  147 

THROWING  56-LB.   WEIGHT. 

Olympic  record — 34ft.  4in.;  E.   Desmarteau    (Canada),  St.  Louis,   1904.     No 
other  Olympiad  had  the  event  on  its  programme. 


THROWING    THE    STONE. 
Fourteen  Pounds,  with  Limited  Run  and  Follow. 

Olympic  record — 6sft.  4i-sin.;   G.  Georgantas    (Greece),  Athens,   1906.     No 
other  Olympiad  had  this  event  on  its  programme. 


WEIGHT  LIFTING— ONE   HAND. 

Olympic  record — i683-5lbs.;   Steinbach   (Austria),  Athens,  1906. 

Winners  at  Previous   Olympiads — Athens,    1896,   L.    Elliott    (Great   Britain), 

156  i-2lbs.     Paris,   1900;  event  not  on  programme.     St.  Louis,    1904,  O. 

C.    Osthoff    (U.S.A.).      Athens,    1906,    Steinbach    (Austria),    168  3-slbs. 

London,    1908;   event  not  on   programme.      Stockholm,    1912;    event   not 

on  programme. 


WEIGHT   LIFTING— TWO    HANDS. 

Olympic  record — 313  7-81bs. ;  D.  Tofalos  (Greece),  Athens,  1906. 

Winners  at  Previous  Olympiads — Athens,  1896,  V.  Jensen  (Denmark), 
245  2-3lbs.  Paris,  1900;  event  not  on  programme.  St.  Louis,  1904, 
P.  Lakousis  (Greece),  2461bs.  Athens,  1906,  D.  Tofalos  (Greece), 
313  7-iolbs.  London,  1908;  Stockholm,  1912;  event  not  on  programme. 


ROPE  CLIMBING. 

(39  feet  9  3-5  inches.) 

Athens,    1906,    was   the   only    Olympiad  that   held   this  event;    won   by   G. 
AJiprantis    (Greece);    112-55. 


OTTO   WAHLE. 
Advisory  Member  on  Swimming,    Olympic  Championships,   1912. 


SPALDING'S     ATHLKTK'     LIBRARY.  149 


OLYMPIC  SWIMMING 

BY  OTTO  WAHLE, 
Advisory  Member  on  Swimming. 

The  swimming  events  of  the  Olympic  Games  in  1912  undoubt- 
edly surpassed  those  of  any  other  Olympic  Games. 

The  international  competition  was  unique  and  the  swimming 
course  could  not  have  been  better.  It  might  be  mentioned  that 
it  could  have  only  been  improved  upon  by  using  strings  at  a 
height  of  about  five  or  six  feet  from  the  surface  of  the  water, 
running  the  whole  length  of  the  course.  These  are  being  used 
in  Germany  and  are  a  great  help  to  the  backstroke  swimmers. 

To  review  the  swimming  events  of  previous  Olympic  Games: 
In  1896,  at  Athens,  international  competition  consisted  of  three 
men  whose  performances  in  their  own  native  countries  were  only 
mediocre  in  comparison  with  the  world's  records  existing  at  that 
time.  The  course  was  very  unsatisfactory  and  the  water  very 
cold. 

In  Paris,  in  1900,  international  competition  increased  con- 
siderably, the  course,  on  the  other  hand,  being  in  running  water 
(the  river  Seine),  robbed  the  performances  of  any  significance, 
and  the  management  left  almost  everything  to  be  desired. 

In  St.  Louis,  in  1904,  the  course  as  weif  as  the  management 
were  satisfactory,  but  international  competition  was  very  in- 
ferior, thus  robbing  the  races  of  a  great  deal  of  their  importance. 

London,  1908,  showed  a  great  deal  of  improvement  in  inter- 
national competition  and  furnished  the  best  course  of  any  up  to 
that  date.  However,  the  international  competition  cannot  be 
compared  with  Stockholm.  Australia  had  only  one  man,  their 
great  sprinters  being  absent.  Their  relay  was  composed  of  one 
swimmer  and  three  other  Australians  who  happened  to  be  in 
'London  at  that  time.  Germany  was  not  represented  in  the 
sprints  or  the  relay. 

In  Stockholm  we  found  every  swimmer  who  had  ever  made,  a 
name  for  himself,  excepting  C.  M.  Daniels,  who  had  retired 
permanently.  To  reason  out  how  he  would  have  fared  is  idle 
speculation,  as  his  time  in  1908  would  hardly  furnish  a  fair  basis 
for  comparison.  He  won  after  a  loss  of  two  yards  at  the  start, 
and  as  he  has  never  specialized  outdoor  swimming,  there  is  no 
telling  how  much  he  could  improve  upon  his  best  time  in  open 
water. 

The  most  remarkable  appearances  at  Stockholm  were  undoubt- 
edly those  of  the  Canadian,  G.  R.  Hodgson,  winner  of  the  400 


SPALDING'8    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  151 

and  1500  meter,  races,  and  the  United  States  representative,  Duke 
Kahanamoku,  who  made  the  best  sprinters  of  the  world  look 
like  novices. 

The  400  and  1500  meter  races  were  robbed  of  a  great  deal  of 
interest,  through  the  illness  of  the  Australian,  William  Long- 
worth,  whose  remarkable  performances  in  Australia  had  attracted 
general  attention.  It  was  no  doubt  a  hard  blow  to  Australia,  but  it 
can  hardly  be  said  to  have  altered  the  final  scores  at  all.  It 
is  not  probable  that  Longworth  could  have  beaten  Hodgson,  and 
it  is  even  doubtful  that  he  could  have  beaten  that  wonderful 
English  swimmer,  J.  G.  Hatfield.  The  latter  is  undoubtedly  the 
best  swimmer  England  ever  had. 

The  keenness  of  the  competition  is  shown  best  by  the  fact  that 
B.  von  Lastorres  of  Hungary,  by  far  the  best  swimmer  which  the 
continent  of  Europe  ever  produced,  and  a  man  who  is  able  to 
swim  a  mile  in  approximately  twenty-four  minutes  thirty 
seconds,  did  not  get  a  place  in  either  the  400  or  1500  meter 
races- 

The  diving  competitions  furnished  an  exceedingly  interesting 
display.  The  Swedish  divers  were  a  partial  disappointment,  as 
their  performances  did  not  justify  the  reputation  that  had  pre- 
ceded them. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  showing  of  the  German  divers  was 
remarkable.  It  should  be  mentioned  that  they  were  handicapped 
somewhat  by  the  uncomprehensible  ideas  of  form  prevailing  in 
their  own  country.  The  German  ideas  of  diving  require  a  diver 
to  remain  in  a  position  with  his  chest  hollowed  and  his  head 
thrown  back  until  he  disappears  in  the  water.  The  consequence 
of  this  is  that  a  diving  competition  in  Germany  resembles  a 
continuous  explosion  of  submarine  mines.  The  Germans  adapted 
themselves  wonderfully  to  making  a  clean  entry  into  the  water, 
and  the  final  scores  in  the  high  and  plain  diving  do  not  represent 
the  relative  merits  of  the  German  divers  in  comparison  with  the 
Swedes. 

The  American  representatives,  G.  W.  Gaidzik  and  Arthur 
McAleenan,  Jr.,  were  out  of  form.  A  little  canvas  tank 
improvised  on  the  S.S.  "Finland"  proved  to  be.  a  great  help 
to  the  swimmers,  but  the  divers  were  unable  to  do  any  useful 
practice  from  the  day  they  left  New  York,  June  14,  until  they 
arrived  in  Stockholm,  July  I,  and  the  remaining  week  was  insuf- 
ficient to  enable  them  to  regain  their  form.  In  best  form  our 
divers  are  undoubtedly  in  the  same  class  with  the  prize  winners 
at  Stockholm,  on  the  springboard  as  well  as  in  high  diving. 

The  success  of  the  American  team  must  be  considered  as 
highly  gratifying.  While  only  fifth  place  was  secured,  according 


HI  *! 

S^Jg- 

9Kg^JQ|. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM,   SWEDEN,    1912. 

\V alter  Bathe,  Germany;   winner  of  200  meters  and  400  meters,  breast  stroke 
in  world's  record  times. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRAE*. 


153 


to  the  total  number  of  points,  behind  Germany,  Sweden,  England 
and  Australia,  an  analysis  of  these  totals  will  throw  a  different 
light  on  the  respective  merits  of  the  final  point  scores.  The 
points  of  Germany  and  Sweden  were  scored  in  the  diving  and 
breast  stroke  races;  England  won  the  water  polo  and  the  ladies' 
team  race.  These  competitions  do  not  compare  in  importance 
with  those  in  which  the  American  team  scored. 

The  most  important  events  were  undoubtedly  the  100,  400  and 
1500  meters  swims  and  the  800  meters  relay  race.  Considering 
these  races  only,  America,  with  one  first,  one  second  and  one 
third  place,  scored  six  points,  the  same  number  which  Canada 
scored  with  two  victories ;  a  score  which  was  only  surpassed  by 
Australia,  with  seven  points.  England  scored  five  points  in 
these  races  and  Sweden  and  Germany  did  not  score  at  all. 


Australia 

Austria 

Belgium 

Canada 

England 

Germany 

Sweden 

< 
e/5 
P 

100    meters 

2 
1 
1 
3 

5 
12 

1 
1 

1 
1 

3 
3 

6 

2 
2 

1 

1 
3 
1 
3 

14 

6 
3 
3 

2 

6 

2 

2 

6 

4 

5 
2 

4 
2 
3 

800  meters  relay     .        

200.  meters,  breast  stroke  
400  meters,  breast  stroke  
100  meters,   back  stroke  

Plain  high  diving 

Fancy   high   diving                             .... 

Springboard   diving.  . 

100   meters,   ladies'  

400   meters    ladies'   relay 

Ladies'  plain  high  diving  

Water    polo  

22 

19 

9 

OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Duke  P.  Kahanamoku,  Honolulu,  H.  I.;  winner  of  100  meters  swim  and  mem- 
ber of  the  American  relay  team  which  finished  second;  holder  of  world's 
record  for  100  meters. 


s,  hurdles — F.  C.  V.  Lane,  Australia. 

s,  back  stroke— -E.  Hoppenberg,  Germany. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  155 

SWIMMING,  STOCKHOLM,  1912 

COMPILED  BY  OTTO  WAHLE,  NEW  YORK. 

1896,  AT  ATHENS   (IN  THE  BAY). 
100  meters — Alfred  Guttmann,  Hungary. 
500  meters — Paul  Neuman,  Austria. 
1 200  meters — Alfred  Guttman,  Hungary. 

(Excepting  Greeks,  the  competition  consisted  of  three  men.) 

1900,  AT  PARIS   (IN  THE  RIVER  SEINE). 
200  mete  s — F.  C.  V.  ^Lane,  Australia. 
200  mete 

1000  mete  s — J.  A.  Jarvis,  England. 
4000  mete  s — J.  A.  Jarvis,  England. 
Relay  race — Germany  defeated  France.  The  English  team  appeared  too  late 

to  compete.     They  were  incorrectly  informed  about  the  hour  for  which 

the  beginning  of  the  race  was  scheduled. 

1904,  AT   ST.   LOUIS. 

Open,   Still  Water,   no  Yards  Course. 

50  yards — Z.  de  Halmay,  Hungary   (after  a  dead  heat  with  J.  Scott  Leary, 

San  Francisco),  285. 

100  yards — Z.  de  Halmay,  Hungary,  im.  2  4-55. 
220  yards — C.  M.   Daniels,  United  States,  2m.  44  1-55. 
440  yards — C.  M.   Daniels,  United  States,  6m.   i6s. 
880  yards- — E.  Rausch,  Germany,   1301. -us. 
i  mile — E.  Rausch,  Germany,  27m.   18  3-58. 
100  yards,  back  stroke — W.   Brack,   Germany,    im.    16  4-55. 
440  yards,  breast  stroke — G.   Zacharias,   Germany,   7m.   275. 
200  yards,  club  relay  (4  men,   50  yards  each) — New  York  A.C.  team   (J.  A. 

Ruddy,  L.   B.   Goodwin.   L.   deB.   Handley,  C.   M.   Daniels),  2m.    1-55. 
Diving — Dr.   G.    Sheldon,   United   States. 

1906,  AT  ATHENS   (IN  THE  BAY). 

100  meters — C.  M.  Daniels  (U.S.A.),  im.  135.,  won;  Z.  de  Halmay  (Eng- 
land), second;  Cecil  Healy  (Australia),  third. 

400  meters — Otto  Scheff  (Austria),  6m.  234-55.,  won;  H.  Taylor  (Eng- 
land), second;  J.  A.  Jarvis  (England),  third. 

i  mile — Henry  Taylor  (England),  28m.  285.,  won;  J.  A.  Jarvis  (England), 
second;  Otto  Scheff  (Austria),  third. 

Relay,  4  men  (250  meters  each) — Hungary  (L.  Bruckner,  J.  Onody, 
G.  Kiss,  Z.  de  Halmay),  i6m.  52  2-55.,  won;  Germany  (Bahnmeyer, 
Paps,  Rausch,  Schiele),  i7m.  16  1-55.,  second;  England  (Derbyshire, 
II.  Taylor,  J.  A.  Jarvis,  W.  Henry),  third. 

Diving — G.  Walz  (Germany),  won;  Hoffmann  (Germany),  second;  Satzin- 
ger  (Austria),  third. 

1908,  AT   LONDON. 
100  Meters  (109  yards  i   foot),  Open  Still  Water  Course. 

100  meters — C.  M.  Daniels  (U.S.A.),  im.  5  3-58.,  won;  Z.  de  Halmay 
(Hungary),  im.  6  1-55.,  second;  H.  Julin  (Sweden),  imv  8s.,  third. 

400  meters— -H.  Taylor  (England),  sm.  364-55.,  won;  F.  E.  Beaurepaire 
(Australia),  sm.  445.,  second;  Otto  Scheff  (Austria),  sm.  465.,  third; 


sm.    445., 
England), 


W.  Foster   (England),  fourth. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912 

H.    J.    Hebner,    Illinois    Athletic    Club,    Chicago;    winner   of   100   meters,    back 
stroke,   race  and   member  of  American  team   ^vhich  finished  second, 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  157 

1500  meters — H.    Taylor    (England),    22m.    482-55.,    won;    T.    S.    Battersby 

(England),  22m.   51  1-55.,  second;   F.   E.  Beaurepaire    (Australia),   22m. 

56  1-55.,  third. 
800   meters    relay — England    (W.    Foster,    P.    Radmilovic,   J.    H.    Derbyshire 

and    H.    Taylor),    lom.    55  3-55.,    won;    Hungary    (J.    Munk,    I.    Zachar, 

B.  Lastorres  and  Z.  de  Halmay),  xom.   595.,  second;  United  States   (H. 

J.  Hebner,  L.  B.  Goodwin,  C.  M.  Daniels  and  L.  G.  Rich),  nm.  24-55., 

third. 
200  meters,  breast  stroke — F.  Holman   (England),  3m.  9  1-53.,   won;   W.  W. 

Robinson    (England).    3m.    124-55.,    second;    P.    Hanson    (Sweden),   3m. 

14  3-55.,  third. 
100  meters,   back   stroke — A.    Bieberstein    (Germany),    im.   24  3-55.,   won;    L. 

Dam    (Denmark),    im.    26  3-55.,    second;    H.    N.    Haresnape    (England), 

third. 
Springboard   diving — A.    Ziirner    (Germany),   85.5    points,    won;    R.    Behrens 

(Germany),  85.3  points,  second;  G.   W.  Gaidzik   (U.S.A.)   and  ,G.   Walz 

(Germany),  tied  for  third  place  at  80.8  points. 
High   fancy   diving — Johansson    (Sweden),   83.70   points,   won;    K.    Malstrom 

(Sweden),  second;  A.  Spangberg   (Sweden),  74  points,  third. 


DAILY  PROGRAMME,  STOCKHOLM,   1912. 

Saturday,  July  6,  beginning  at  7  P.  M. — 100  meters,  free  style,  eight  heats; 

1,500  meters,  first,  second  and  third  heats;   plain  high  diving,  first  and 

second  heats. 
Sunday,  July   7,   beginning  at    12.30   P.   M. — 100  meters,   free   style,   second 

round,    three    heats;    plain    high    diving,    third    and    fourth    heats;    200 

meters,  breast  stroke,  first,  second  and  third  heats;   water  polo. 
Sunday,  July  7,  beginning  at  7.30  P.   M. — 200  meters,  breast  stroke,  fourth 

and    fifth    heats;    100    meters,    free    style,    semi-finals,    first    and    second 

heats;    1,500  meters,  fifth  heat. 
Monday,  July  8,  beginning  at  12.30  P.   M. — 400  meters,  breast  stroke,  first, 

second  and  third  heats;   water  polo. 
Monday,  July  8,  beginning  at  7.30  P.  M. — 400  meters,  breast  stroke,  fourth 

and    fifth    heats;    springboard    diving,    heats;    ladies'    race,    100    meters, 

first  and   second   heats. 
Tuesday,  July  9,  beginning  at   12.30  P.   M. — 100  meters,   ladies'   race,   third, 

fourth  and  fifth  heats;   ipq  meters,  back  stroke,  first,   second  and  third 

heats;    1,500  meters,   semi-finals,  two  heats;   water  polo. 
Tuesday,  July  9,  beginning  at  7.30  P.   M. — 100  meters,  back  stroke,   fourth 

and    fifth    heats;    springboard    diving,    final    heat;     200    meters,    breast 

stroke,    semi-final,  •  two   heats;    100   meters,    free   style,    semi-final,   three 

heats. 
Wednesday,    July    10,    beginning    at    12.30    P.    M. — Plain    high    diving    for 

ladies,  one  heat;  water  polo. 
Wednesday,    July    10,    beginning   at    7.30    P.    M. — 100    meters,    back    stroke, 

semi-final,    two    heats;    plain    high    diving    for    ladies,    two    heats;    200 

meters,  breast  stroke,  final   heat;    1,500   meters,   final   heat;    100  meters, 

free  style,  final  heat;   water   polo. 

Thursday,  July   u,  beginning  at   12.30  P.  M. — 100  meters,  for  ladies,  semi- 
final, two  heats;   400  meters,   free  style,  first,   second,  third  and  fourth 

heats. 
Thursday,   July    n,   beginning  at   7.30   P.    M. — 400   meters,    free   style,   fifth 

and    sixth    heats;    plain    high    diving,    final    heat;    400    meters,    breast 

stroke,  semi-final,  two  heats;   water  polo. 
Friday,    July    12,    beginning   at    12.30    P.    M. — Fancy    high    diving,    first    and 

second  heats. 
Friday,    July    12,    beginning    at    7.30    P.    M. — 800    meters    relay    race,    two 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 
Australasian   relay   team;    winners   of   8<K>  meters   relay   race;    1,    Leslie   Board- 
man;   2,   Cecil   Healy,    and   :t.    H.    II.    Ihmlwick,   Sydney,    N.S.W.;   4,    M.    Uiaiu 
nion,    New   Zealand. 


SFALDING'S  ATHLETIC  JJKUAKY.  159 

heats;     too    meters,    for    ladies,    final    heat;    400    meters,    breast    stroke, 

final   heat;    fancy   high   diving,   third   heat. 

Saturday,  July    13,   beginning  at   7.30   P.    M. — 400  meters,   free   style,   semi- 
final,  two   heats;    plain   high   diving,   for   ladies,   final   heat;    100   meters. 

back  stroke,  final  heat;   water  polo. 
Sunday,   July    14,    beginning   at    7.30    P.    M. — 400    meters,    free    style,    final 

heat;   water  polo. 
Monday,  July   15,    12.30   P.   M. — Ladies'   relay   race,  400   meters,   final  heat, 

fancy  high  diving,  final   heat;   800  meters  relay,   final  heat;   water  polo. 
Monday,'  July    15,    7.30     P.    M.— 300    meters    record    attempt    by    Miss    1<\ 

Durack,  Australia. 
Tuesday,  July   16,  12.30  P.  M. — Water  polo. 


100  METERS— FREE  STYLE. 

(109.3611   yards.) 
Olympic  record — im.  22-55.;  Duke  P.  Kahanamoku  (U.S.A.),  Sweden,  1912. 

First  round,  July  6,  evening;  first,  second  and  the  fastest  third  to 
qualify  for  the  second  round. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — L.  Beleznay  (Hungary),  im.  8s.,  won;  Robert  Andersson 
(Sweden),  im.  9  2-55.,  second;  Andre  Assimacopoulo  (Greece),  im. 
15  2-55.,  third.  Second  heat — C.  Bretting  (Germany),  im.  75.,  won; 
P.  Radmilovics  (Great  Britain),  im.  102-55.,  second;  Theo.  Tarta- 
kover  (Australia),  im.  12  1-55.,  third;  Jules  Wuyts  (Belgium),  im. 
I33-5S.,  fourth.  Third  heat — L.  Boardman  (Australia),  im.  6s.,  won; 
N.  T.  Nerich  (U.S.A.),  im.  73-53.,  second;  J.  H.  Derbyshire  (Great 
Britain),  im.  9  1-55.,  third;  A.  Kenyery  (Hungary),  im.  io.is.,  fourth; 
D.  Baiardo  (Italy),  fifth.  Fourth  heat — P.  McGillivray  (U.S.A.),  im. 
44-55.,  won;  C.  Healy  (Australia),  im.  51-55.,  second;  K.  Huszagh 
(U.S.A.),  im.  6  1-53.,  third.  Fifth  heat — Duke  P.  Kahanamoku 
(U.S.A.),  im.  2  3-55.,  won;  William  Longworth  (Australia),  im.  5  1-53., 
second;  H.  J.  Hebner  (U.S.A.),  im.  10  2-55.,  third;  G.  Meister 
(France),  im.  16  3-55.,  fourth.  Sixth  heat — H.  H.  Hardwick  (Aus- 
tralia), im.  5  4-55.,  won;  M.  Ritter  (Germany),  im.  8s.,  second;  H. 
Meyboom  (Belgium),  im.  15  2-55.,  third;  J.  H.  Reilly  (U.S.A.),  fourth. 
Seventh  heat— W.  Ramme  (Germany),  im.  10  1-55.,  won;  M.  Massa 
(Italy)  and  H.  Julin  (Sweden),  tied  for  second,  im.  114-58.;  J.  H. 
Johnsen  (Norway),  im.  19.15.,  fourth.  Eighth  heat — Erik  Bergqvist 
(Sweden),  im.  132-55.,  won;  G.  Rigal  (France),  im.  174-55.,  second; 
only  two  starters. 
K.  Huszagh  (U.S.A.),  im.  6  1-55.,  qualified  as  the  fastest  third. 

Second  round,  July  7,  noon;   first,  second  and  the  fastest  third  to 
qualify  for  semi-final  heat. 

First  heat — C.  Bretting  (Germany),  im.  4  1-55.,  won;  William  Longworth 
(Australia),  im.  5  1-53.,  second;  H.  Hardwick  (Australia),  im.  6s., 
third;  R.  Andersson  (Sweden),  im.  9.53.,  fourth.  Second  heat—* 
Duke  P.  Kahanamoku  (U.S.A.),  im.  34-55.,  won;  W.  Ramme  (Ger- 
many), im.  74-55.,  second;  M.  Ritter  (Germany),  im.  84-55.,  third; 
N.  f.  Nerich  (U.S.A.),  im.  84-55.,  fourth.  Third  heat — K.  Huszagh 
(U.S.A.),  im.  41-55.,  won;  P.  McGillivray  (U.S.A.),  im.  42-53.,  sec- 
ond; C.  Healy  (Australia),  im.  44-58.,  third;  L.  Boardman  (Aus- 
tralia), im.  5  2-53.,  fourth;  P.  Radmilovics  (Great  Britain),  fifth. 
C.  Healy  (Australia),  im.  44-55.,  qualified  as  fistest  third. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  161 

SEMI-FINALS. 
Two  heats,  July  7,  evening. 

Owing  to  a  misunderstanding,  believing  that  this  round  would  not  be 
swum,  the  American  swimmers,  Kahanamoku,  Huszagh  and  McGillivray, 
were  absent.  Upon  a  protest,  a  special  heat  for  these  men  and  M.  Massa, 
Italy,  was  arranged  for  July  9. 

Two  heats,  July  7;  first,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  final. 

First  heat — C.  Healy  (Australia),  im.  5  3-53.,  won;  W.  Ramme  (Ger- 
many), im.  5  4-55.,  second;  W.  Longworth  (Australia),  im.  6  1-55., 
third.  McGillivray  (U.S.A.)  did  not  start.  Second  heat — C.  Bretting 
(Germany),  walkover,  im.  43-55.  Duke  Kahanamoku  (U.S.A.)  and 
K.  Huszagh  (U.S.A.)  did  not  start. 

SEMI-FINAL,  JULY  9,   EVENING. 

Winner  and  second  qualify  only  if  winner's  time  is  not  slower  than 

im.  6  1-55. 

D.    Kahanamoku    (U.S.A.),    im.    22-55.,    won;    K.    Huszagh    (U.S.A.),    im. 
6  1-55.,  second;   P.   McGillivray    (U.S. A),   im.   6  1-55.,   third;   M.   Massa 
(Italy),  fourth. 
Huszagh  was  placed  second;   same  time  for  second  and  third. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY   10,   EVENING. 

Duke  P.  Kahanamoku  (U.S.A.),  im.  3  2-55.,  won;  C.  Healy  (Australia), 
im.  43-53.,  second;  K.  Huszagh  (U.S.A.),  im.  5  3"5s.,  third;  K.  Bret- 
ting  (Germany),  im.  5  4-55.,  fourth;  W.  Ramme  (Germany),  im. 
6  2-53.,  fifth.  Bretting  made  one  false  start. 

Germany  protested,  owing  to  a  collision  between  Huszagh  and  Bretting. 
Protest  overruled  by  International  Jury,  because  it  referred  to  judges' 
decision.  The  judges  stated  that  both  swam  out  of  their  course  and  hin- 
dered each  other  equally.  Kahanamoku  led  at  50  yards  by  nearly  3  yards, 
but  tired  in  the  last  20  yards,  winning  finally  by  about  2  yardsr 


100  METERS  BACK  STROKE. 

(109.3611  yards.) 
Olympic  record — im.   204-53.;   H.  J.   Hebner   (U.S.A.),   Stockholm,    1912. 

First,  second  and  third  heats,  July  9,  noon;  fourth  and  fifth  heats, 
evening. 

First,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  semi-final  heat. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat— H.  J.  Hebner  (U.S.A.),  im.  2is.,  won;  O.  Gross  (Germany), 
im.  245.,  second;  A.  Bergman  (Sweden),  im.  33  4"5S.,  third.  O. 
Schiele  (Germany),  third,  disqualified  for  turning  on  his  breast.  Sec- 
ond heat — O.  Fahr  (Germany),  im.  225.,  won;  G.  H.  Webster  (Great 
Britain),  im.  294-55.,  second;  J.  Wenk  (Hungary),  im.  265.,  disquali- 
fied. Third  heat — A.  Baronyi  (Hungary),  im.  223.,  won;  P.  Kellner 
(Germany),  im.  265.,  second;  O.  Gregoire  (Belgium),  im.  29  4-53., 
third.  Fourth  heat — H.  N.  Haresnape  (Great  Britain),  im.  275.,  won; 
E.  Schultze  (Germany),  im.  273-55.,  second;  G.  Sundman  (Sweden), 
im.  31  1-55.,  third.  Fifth  heat — L.  Szentgrothy  (Hungary),  im.  26  3-53., 
won;  F.  Sandon  (Great  Britain),  im.  31  4-55.,  second;  only  two 
starters. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Perry    McGillivray,     Illinois    A.C.,     Chicago;     member    of    relay    team    which 
finished  second;  also  winner  of  100  yards  championship  of  England. 


.    SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  163 

SEMI-FINAL  HEATS,   JULY    10,   EVENING. 

First,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  final  heat. 

First  heat — H.  J.  Hebner  (U.S.A.),  im.  204-55.,  won;  O.  Fahr  (Ger- 
many), im.  21  4-55.,  second;  A.  Baronyi  (Hungary),  im.  26  1-55.,  third: 
E.  Schultze  (Germany),  fourth;  L.  Szentgrothy  (Hungary),  fifth;  G. 
H.  Webster  (Great  Britain),  sixth.  Second  heat — O.  Gross  (Ger- 
many), im.  265.,  won;  P.  Kellner  (Germany),  im.  26  1-53.,  second;  H. 
N.  Haresnape  (Great  Britain),  im.  264-55.,  third;  F.  Sandon  (Great 
Britain),  fourth;  G.  Sundman  (Sweden),  fifth. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY   13,   EVENING. 

H.  J.  Hebner  (U.S.A.),  im.  21  1-55.,  won;  Otto  Fahr  (Germany),  im. 
222-55.,  second;  F.  Kellner  (Germany),  im.  245.,  third;  A.  Baronyi 
(Hungary),  im.  251-55.,  fourth;  O.  Gross  (Germany),  im.  254-55., 
fifth.  Fahr  made  one  false  start. 


200  METERS  BREAST  STROKE. 

(218.7222  yards.) 
Olympic  record — 3in.    14-55.;  W.  Bathe    (Germany),   Stockholm,    1912. 

First,  second,  third  and  fourth  heats,  July  7,  noon;  fifth  and  sixth 
heats,  evening. 

First,  second  and  fastest  third  to  qualify  for  semi-final  heat. 
TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — W.  Liitzow  (Germany),  3m.  72-55.,  won;  T.  Henning  (Swe- 
den), 3m.  145.,  second;  K.  G.  Lindroos  (Finland),  3m.  16  3-55.,  third; 
F.  Schryver  (Australia),  fourth.  Second  heat — P.  Malisch  (Germany), 
3m.  84-55.,  won;  A.  O.  Aaltonen  (Finland),  3m.  135.,  second;  N.  G. 
Ande-rsson  (Sweden),  3m.  20  3-58.,  third;  G.  Bajmakoff  (Russia), 
fourth;  Josef  Wastl  (Austria),  fifth;  D.  Baiafdo  /Italy),  sixth.  Third 
heat — W.  Bathe  (Germany),  3m.  32-55.,  won;  P.  Courtman  (Great 
Britain),  3m.  94-55.,  second;  F.  W.  Lowenadler  (Sweden),  3m. 
22  1-55.,  third.  M.  McDermott  (U.S.A.),  3m.  i8s.,  third,  disqualified 
for  touching  with  one  hand  only  on  the  turn.  Fourth  heat — C.  Atkin- 
son (Great  Britain),  swam  over,  3m.  123.  Fifth  heat — F.  Courbet 
(Belgium),  3m.  123-55.,  won;  P.  Hansson  (Sweden),  301.  141-55., 
second;  G.  Innocent  (Great  Britain),  3m.  i6s.,  third.  Sixth  heat — O. 
Demjan  (Hungary),  3m.  74-55.,  won;  H.  A.  S.  Julin  (Sweden),  3m. 
12  4-55.,  second;  H.  Cederberg  (Finland),  3m.  18  3-55.,  third. 

G.  Innocent   (Great  Britain)   qualified  as  the  fastest  third. 

SEMI-FINAL  HEATS,   JULY   9,    EVENING. 
First,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  final  heat. 

First  heat — P.  Malisch  (Germany),  301.  9  3-55.,  won;  T.  Henning  (Sweden), 
3m.  102-55.,  second;  H.  A.  S.  Julin  (Sweden),  3m.  103-55..  third; 
A.  O.  Aaltonen  (Finland),  fourth;  K.  G.  L.  Lindroos  (Finland),  fifth. 
Second  heat — W.  Bathe  (Germany),  3m.  21-55.,  won;  W.  Liitzow 
(Germany),  3m.  42-55.,  second;  P.  Courtman  (Great  Britain),  3m. 
92-53.,  third;  O.  Demjan  (Hungary),  fourth;  F.  Courbet  (Belgium), 
fifth;  P.  Hansson  (Sweden),  sixth. 

P.  Courtman   (Great  Britain)   qualified  as  the  fastest  third. 


OLYMPIC   GAMES   AT   STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 


George   Hodgson,    Montreal    A.A.C.;    winner  of   400   meters   and   1500   metera 
swims  in  world's  record  time. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  165 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY   10,  EVENING. 

W.   Bathe    (Germany),   am.    i  4-55.,   won;   W.   Liitzow    (Germany),  3m.   58., 
second;    P.    Malisch    (Germany),    3m.    8s.,    third;    P.    Courtman    (Great 
Britain),  3m.  84-55.,  fourth;  T.  Henning   (Sweden),  fifth. 
Bathe's  time  for  100  meters,   im.  235. 


400  METERS— FREE  STYLE. 

(437-4444  yards.) 
Olympic  record — sm.   242-55.;   G.  R.   Hodgson    (Canada),   Stockholm,   1912. 

Four  heats  July   n,  noon;   two  evening;   first,   second  and   fastest  third  to 
qualify  for  semi-final  heat. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — H.  H.  Hardwick  (Australia),  sm.  365.,  won;  M.  Champion 
(Australia),  sm.  375.,  second;  J.  H.  Reilly  (U.S.A.),  6m.  10  i-ss., 
third;  M.  Massa  (Italy),  fourth.  Second  heat — T.  S.  Battersby  (Great 
Britain),  6m.  33-55.,  won;  J.  H.  Johnsen  (Norway),  6m.  142-55.,  sec- 
ond; J.  E.  Wedholm  (Sweden),  6m.  29  4-53.,  third.  Third  heat — M. 
Ritter  (Germany),  sm.  443-55.,  won;  A.  Kenyery  (Hungary),  sm. 
465.,  second;  N.  F.  Nerich  (U.S.A.),  sm.  50  2-55.,  third.  Fourth  heat 
— B.  von  Lastorres  (Hungary),  sm.  36  1-55.,  won;  H.  Taylor  (Great 
Britain),  sm.  482-55.,  second.  Fifth  heat — C.  Healy  (Australia),  sm. 
345.,  won;  J.  G.  Hatfield  (Great  Britain),  sm.  35  3-55.,  second;  F.  Schuh 
(Austria),  6m.  9  1-55.,  third.  Sixth  heat — G.  R.  Hodgson  (Canada), 
5m.  50  3-55.,  won;  W.  Foster  (Great  Britain),  sm.  52  2-55.,  second; 
O.  Schiele  (Germany),  sm.  575.,  third;  G.  A.  Godfrey  (South  Africa), 
fourth;  H.  C.  Hedegaard  (Denmark),  fifth. 
N.  T.  Nerich  (U.S.A.)  qualified  as  the  fastest  tfiird. 

SEMI-FINAL  HEATS,  JULY   13,  EVENING. 
First,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  final  heat. 


G.  R.  Hodgson  (Canada),  sm.  25  2-55.,  won;  J.  G.  Hatfield  (Great  Britain) 
5m.  25  3-55.,  second;  W.  Foster  (Great  Britain),  sm.  495.,  third;  N 
T.  Nerich  (U.S.A.),  sm.  sis.,  fourth;  T.  S.  Battersby  (Great  Britain) 


Foster  (Great  Britain),  sm.  495.,  third;  N. 
is.,  fourth;  T.  S.  Battersby  (Great  Britain), 
Johnsen  (Norway),  sixth.  Second  heat — H. 
H.  Hardwick  (Australia),  sm.  3is.,  won;  B.  von  Lastorres  (Hun- 
gary), sm.  344-55.,  second;  C.  Healy  (Australia),  sm.  375.,  third;  M. 
Champion  (Australia),  sm.  385.,  fourth;  H.  Taylor  (England),  sm. 
48  i-ss.,  fifth. 

Hodgson's   intermediate   times:      100   meters,    im.    145.;    200    meters,    2m. 
38  1-55.;  300  meters,  4m.   55. 

Hardwick's  intermediate   times:      100  meters,    im.    us.;   200   meters,   2m. 
365.;  300  meters,  4m.  508. 

C.  Healy,  Australia,  qualified,  as  the  fastest  third. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY   14,  EVENING. 

G.  R.  Hodgson  (Canada),  sm.  242-55.,  won;  J.  G.  Hatfield  (Great  Britain), 

5m.  25  4-53.,  second;   H.  H.  Hardwick   (Australia),   sm.  31  1-55.,  third; 

C.    Healy    (Australia),    sm.    375.,   fourth;    B.    v.    Lastorres    (Hungary). 

fifth. 

Hodgson's  intermediate  times;     joo  meters,   im.    us.;   200  meters,   2rn. 

334-55.;  300  meters,  4m, 


Or/TMTIC   GAMES    AT   STOCKHOLM",    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Arthur  McAleenan,  Jr.,  New  York  Athletic  Club  diver,  at  swimming  stadium, 
Stockholm;  youngest  member  of  the  American  team. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  167 

400    METERS    BREAST    STROKE. 

(437.4444    yards.) 
Olympic  record — 6m.  293-55.;  W.   Bathe    (Germany),   Stockholm,   1912. 

First,  second  and  third  heats,  July  8,  noon;  fourth  and  fifth  heats, 
evening. 

First,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  semi-final  heat. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — T.  Henning  (Sweden),  6m.  522-53.,  won;  G.  Innocent  (Great 
Britain),  7m.  7  4-53.,  second;  O.  Demjan  (Hungary),  6m.  35  4-55.. 
won,  disqualified  for  irregular  turning.  Second  heat — P.  Malisch  (Ger- 
many), 6m.  475.,  won;  K.  G.  L.  Lindroos  (Finland),  7m.,  second;  M. 
McDermott  (U.S.A.),  7m.  i8s.,  disqualified,  for  irregular  turning.  Third 
heat — W.  Liitzow  (Germany),  6m.  49  4-55.,  won;  F.  Courbet  (Belgium), 
6m.  52  3-55.,  second;  Z.  v.  Siengalewicz  (Austria),  7m.  45.,  third. 
Fourth  heat — P.  Courtman  (Great  Britain),  6m.  43  4-53.,  won;  A.  O. 
Aaltonen  (Finland),  6m.  48  4-55.,  second;  H.  Julin  (Sweden),  7m. 
123-55.,  third.  Fifth  heat — W.  Bathe  (Germany),  6m.  343-55.,  won; 
G.  Bajmakoff  (Russia),  7m.  28  3-55.,  second;  two  starters  only. 
Z.  v.  Siengalewicz  (Austria)  qualified  as  the  fastest  third. 

SEMI-FINAL  HEATS,   JULY   n,   EVENING. 
First,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  final  heat. 

First  heat — W.  Bathe  (Germany)  and  T.  Henning  (Sweden),  6m.  325., 
tied  for  first;  P.  Courtman  (Great  Britain),  6m.  36  3-53.,  third;  F. 
Courbet  (Belgium),  fourth;  Z.  v.  Siengalewicz  (Austria),  fifth.  Dead 
heat  between  Bathe  and  Henning.  Second  heat — W.  Liitzow  (Germany), 
6m.  443-55.,  won;  P.  Malisch  (Germany),  6m.  473-55.,  second;  A. 
Aaltonen  (Finland),  6m.  564-55.,  third;  K.  G.  Lindroos  (Finland), 
fourth;  G.  Innocent  (Great  Britain),  fifth. 
P.  Courtman  (Great  Britain)  qualified  as  the  fastest  third. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY   12,   EVENING. 

W.    Bathe     (Germany),    6m.    29  3-55.,    won;     T.    Henning     (Sweden),    6m. 

353-55.,    second;    P.   Courtman    (Great  Britain),   6m.    362-55.,   third;    P. 

Malisch     (Germany),    6m.    375.,    fourth;     W.     Liitzow    retired    at    375 

meters. 

Intermediate   times:      Bathe — 100   meters,    im.    234-55.;    200   meters,    3m. 
35.;  300  meters,  4m.  463-53. 


1500  METERS. 

(1640.4168  yards.) 
Olympic  record — 22m.;   G.  R.  Hodgson   (Canada),   Stockholm,   1912. 

First,  second  and  third  heat,  July  6,  evening;  fourth  heat,  July,  7,  noon; 
fifth  heat,  July  7,  evening. 

First,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  semi-final  heat. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — W.  Andersson  (Sweden),  23m.  12  1-55.,  won;  M.  Champion 
(Australia),  23m.  343.,  second;  H.  Taylor  (Great  Britain),  2401.  62-53., 
third.  Second  heat — B.  v.  Lastorres  (Hungary),  22m.  583.,  won;  J. 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

America's  Swimming  Team,  which  won  second  place  in  the  One-Mile  Relay 
Race.  Left  to  right— Kenneth  Huszagh,  Duke  Kahanamoku,  Harry  Hebner 
and  Perry  McGillivray. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  169 

G.  Hatfield  (Great  Britain),  23m.  162-58.,  second;  A.  Caby  (France), 
third.  Third  heat — G.  R.  Hodgson  (Canada),  22m.  235.,  won;  William 
Longworth  (Australia),  23m.  2  3-55.,  second;  M.  Pernot  (France), 
third.  Fourth  heat — T.  S.  Battersby  (Great  Britain),  2301.  585.,  won: 
F.  Schuh  (Austria),  25111.  194-55.,  second;  J.  E.  Wedholm  (Sweden), 
27m.  383.,  third;  M.  Massa  (Italy),  fourth.  Fifth  heat— H.  Hardwick 
(Australia),  23m.  232-55.,  won;  W.  Foster  (England),  23.11.  522-55., 
second;  J.  H.  Johnsen  (Norway),  third;  K.  G.  A.  Collin  (Sweden), 
fouith. 

Intermediate  times:  Andersson — 100  meters,  im.  175.;  200  meters,  2m. 
472-55.;  400  meters,  sm.  535.;  800  meters,  i2m.  135.;  1,000  meters,  ism. 
245.  Lastorres — 100  meters,  im.  i6s. ;  200  meters,  2m.  463-55.;  300  meters, 
4m.  i6s. ;  400  meters,  5m.  504-53.;  500  meters,  701.  235.;  600  meters,  8m. 
584-55.;  700  meters,  lom.  314-55.;  800  meters,  i2m.  83-55.;  900  meters, 
i3m.  442-55.;  1,000  meters,  ism.  225.;  1,100  meters,  i6m.  585.;  1,200  meters, 
i8m.  342-55.;  1,300  meters,  2om.  32-55.;  1,400  meters,  2im.  332-55.  Hodg- 
son— 100  meters,  im.  155.;  200  meters,  2m.  405.;  400  meters,  sm.  405.;  800 
meters,  nm.  475.;  1,000  meters,  1401.  453.  Longworth — 300  meters,  4m.  gs. 
Battersby — 400  meters,  6m.  95.;  800  meters,  i2m.  385.  Hardwick — 100 
meters,  im.  184-55.;  200  meters,  2m.  455.;  300  meters,  4m.  i6s.;  400 
meters,  sm.  465.;  500  meters,  7m.  i8s. ;  1,000  meters,  ism.  203. 

H.  Taylor  (Great  Britain)  qualified  as  the  fastest  third. 

SEMI-FINAL  HEATS,  JULY  9,  NOON. 
First,  second  and  fastest  third  to  qualify  for  final  heat. 

First  heat — G.  R.  Hodgson  (Canada),  22m.  265.,  won:  J.  G.  Hatfield  (Great 
Britain),  22m.  332-55.,  second;  H.  H.  Hardwick  (Australia),  23m. 
i4S.,  third;  W.  Andersson  (Sweden),  fourth;  H.  Taylor  (Great  Brit- 
ain), fifth.  Second  heat — B.  v.  Lastorres  (Hungary),  23m.  9  4-55., 
won;  M.  Champion  (Australia),  23m.  24  1-55.,  second;  W.  Foster 
(Great  Britain),  23m.  32  1-53.,  third.  Longworth  did  not  start. 

Intermediate  times:  Hodgson — 100  meters,  im.  i8s. ;  200  meters,  2m. 
455.;  300  meters,  4m.  112-55.;  400  meters,  sm.  404-55.;  500  meters,  7m. 
135.;  600  meters,  8m.  424-53.;  700  meters,  lom.  144-55.;  800  meters,  nm. 
455.;  900  meters,  i3m.  iss.j  1,000  meters,  i4m.  455.;  1,100  meters,  i6m. 
2os. ;  1,200  meters,  17111.  51  2-53.;  1,300  meters,  igm.  275.;  1,400  meters 
2om.  553.  Hatfield — 800  meters,  nm.  553.;  1,000  meters,  ism.  is.  Las 
torres — 100  meters,  im.  195.;  200  meters,  2m.  463-55.;  300  meters,  4m 
i8s. ;  400  meters,  sm.  495.;  500  meters,  7m.  235.;  600  meters,  8m.  59  2-55. 
700  meters,  lom.  313.;  800  meters,  i2m.  52-53.;  900  meters,  i3m.  39  4-55. 
1,000  meters,  ism.  135.;  1,100  meters,  i6m.  453.;  1,200  meters,  i8m. 
232-55.;  1,300  meters,  igm.  585.;  1,400  meters,  2 im.  312-55. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY  10,   EVENING. 

G.  R.  Hodgson   (Canada),  22m.,  won;  J.  G.  Hatfield   (Great  Britain),  22m. 

395.,    second;    H.    H.    Hardwick    (Australia),    23m.    152-55.,    third.      B. 

v.    Lastorres    (Hungary)    retired   after    500    meters,    and    M.    Champion 

(Australia)  after  800  meters. 

Intermediate  times:  Hodgson — 100  meters,  im.  us.;  200  meters,  2m. 
345.;  300  meters,  4m.  33-55.;  400  meters,  sm.  341-55.;  500  meters,  7m. 
6s.;  600  meters,  8m.  355.;  700  meters,  lom.  62-55.;  800  meters,  nm.  375.; 
900  meters,  1301.  73.;  1,000  meters,  i4m.  375.;  1,100  meters,  i6m.  73.; 
1,200  meters,  i7m.  355.;  1,300'  meters,  igm.  35.;  1,400  meters,  2om.  335. 
Hodgson  continued  for  i  mile  and  swam  1,600  meters  in  23m,  28  1-53.  and 
i  mile  in  23m.  34  5-105.,  a  new  world's  record.  His  1,000  meters  were 
taken  officially  in  1401.  375.,  also  a  new  world's  record. 


SPALDING'S   ATHLETIC   LIBRARY.  171 

PLAIN    HIGH    DIVING. 

First  and  second  heats,  July  6,  evening;   third  and  fourth  heats, 
July  7,  noon. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — P.  Gunther  (Germany),  place  No.  8,  36.1  points,  won;.T. 
Erikson  (Sweden),  place  No.  n,  35.8  points,  second;  T.  Ilmoniemi 
(Finland),  place  No.  13,  35  points,  third;  Alfred  Johannson  (Sweden), 
place  No.  14,  fourth.  Second  heat — J.  Jansson  (Sweden),  place  No.  5, 
38.3  points,  won;  G.  W.  Gaidzik  (U.S.A.),  place  No.  13,  36.2  points, 
second;  G.  Yvon  (Great  Britain),  place  No.  17,  35.2  points,  third;  G. 
Ekstrand  (Sweden),  place  N*o.  18,  fourth;  Arthur  McAleenan,  Jr. 
(U.S.A.),  fifth.  Third  heat— H.  Johansson  (Sweden),  place  No.  ^ 
40.1  points,  won;  T.  N.  Aro  (Finland),  place  No.  10,  39.4  points,  sec- 
ond; A.  W.  Runstrom  (Sweden),  piace  No.  15,  38.30  points,  third;  E. 
M.  Brandsten  (Sweden),  fourth;  V.  G.  Crondahl  (Sweden),  fifth. 
Fourth  heat — W.  E.  Adlerz  (Sweden),  place  No-  5,  39.9  points,  won; 
O.  W.  Wetzell  (Finland),  place  No.  13,  33.8  points,  second;  K.  Kainu- 
vaara  (Finland),  place  No.  14,  33.2  points,  third;  A.  Ziirner  (Ger- 
many), fourth. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY  n,  EVENING. 

W.  E.  Adlerz  (Sweden),  place  No.  7,  40  points,  won;  H.  Johansson  (Swe- 
den), place  No.  12,  39.3  points,  second;  J.  Jansson  (Sweden),  place 
No.  13,  39.1  points,  third;  V.  G.  Crondahl  (Sweden),  place  No.  23, 
37.1  points,  fourth;  T.  N.  Aro  (Finland),  place  No.  26,  36.5  points, 
fifth;  A.  W.  Runstrom  (Sweden),  place  No.  26,  36.1  points,  sixth. 
P.  Gunther,  Germany,  who  qualified  for  the  final,  did  not  compete,  owing 

to  an  injury  'to  his  hand. 

FANCY    HIGH    DIVING. 

First  and  second  heats,  July   12,  noon;  third  heat,  evening. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — H.  Johansson  (Sweden),  place  No.  9,  68.6  points,  won;  A. 
Ziirner  (Germany),  place  No.  14,  65.4  points,  second;  H.  Luber  (Ger- 
many), place  No.  23,  62.66  points,  third;  E.  M.  Brandsten  (Sweden), 
place  No.  23,  62.42  points,  fourth;  G.  Sjoberg  (Sweden),  place  No. 
24,  62.8  points,  fifth;  G.  W.  Gaidzik  (U.S.A.),  place  No.  25,  62.56 
points,  sixth.  Second  heat — E.  W.  Adlerz  (Sweden),  place  No.  6, 
74.76  points,  won;  G.  Blomgren  (Sweden),  place  No.  9,  68.5  points, 
second;  H.  Arbin  (Sweden),  place  No.  9,  62.75  points,  third;  E.  R. 
Eklund  (Sweden),  place  No.  20,  59.94  points,  fourth;  S.  Andersen 
(Norway),  place  No.  25,  56.40  points,  fifth;  O.  W.  Wetzell  (Finland), 
place  No.  32,  50.46  points,  sixth.  Third  heat — A.  Carlsson  (Sweden), 
place  No.  7,  66.98  points,  won;  G.  Yvon  (Great  Britain),  place  No.  9, 
65.7  points,  second;  T.  N.  Aro  (Finland),  place  No.  15,  62.75  points, 
third;  Robert  Andersson  (Sweden),  place  No.  20,  60.59  points,  fourth; 
J.  H.  Stefenson  (Sweden),  place  No.  26,  41.54  points,  fifth. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY  15,  NOON. 

E.  W.  Adlerz  (Sweden),  place  No.  7,  73.94  points,  won;  A.  Ziirner  (Ger- 
many), place  No.  10,  72.60  points,  second;  G.  Blomgren  (Sweden),  place 
No.  16,  69.56  points,  third;  H.  Johansson  (Sweden),  place  No.  22,  67.80 
points,  fourth;  G.  Yvon  (Great  Britain),  place  No.  23,  67.60  points, 
fifth;  H.  Afbin  (Sweden),  place  No.  30,  62.62  points,  sixth;  A. 
Carlsson  (Sweden),  seventh;  T.  N.  Aro  (Finland),  eighth. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  173. 

SPRINGBOARD     DIVING. 

Three   heats,   July  8,  evening. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — C.  Behrens  (Germany),  place  No.  6,  80.14  points,  won;  P. 
Giinther,  (Germany),  place  No.  9,  78.14  points,  second;  A.  McAlee- 
nan,  Jr.  (U.S.A.),  place  No.  15,  68.02  points,  third;  E.  Brandsten 
(Sweden),  place  No.  20,  65.01  points,  fourth.  Second  heat — J.  Jans- 
son  (Sweden),  place  No.  5,  77.77  points,  won;  A.  Ziirner  (Germany), 
place  No.  10,  74.64  points,  second;  E.  Ekluiid  (Sweden),  place  No.  16, 
53.02  points,  third;  C.  Bonfanti  (Italy),  place  No.  19,  46.81  points, 
fourth.  Third  heat — H.  Luber  (Germany),  place"  No.  6,  77.5  points, 
won;  E.  Zimmerman  (Canada),  place  No.  n,  76.6  points,  second;  G. 
W.  Gaidzik  (U.S.A.),  place  No.  16,  74.3  points,  third;  H.  E.  Pott 
(Great  Britain),  place  No.  17,  73-94  points,  fourth;  E.  Apelqvist  (Swe- 
den), fifth. 

FINAL   HEAT,   JULY  9,  EVENING. 

Paul  Giinther  (Germany),  place  No.  6,  79.23  points,  won;  H.  Luber  (Ger- 
many), place  No.  9,  76.78  points,  second;  C.  Behrens  (Germany), 
place  No.  22,  73.73  points,  third;  A.  Ziirner  (Germany),  place  No.  23, 
73-33  points,  fourth;  E.  Zimmerman  (Canada),  place  No.  24,  72.54 
points,  fifth;  H.  E.  Pott  (England),  place  No.  28,  71.25  points,  sixth; 
J.  Jansson  (Sweden),  seventh;  G.  W.  Gaidzik  (U.S.A.),  eighth. 

800  METERS  4-M EN    RELAY    RACE. 

(874.8989  yards.) 

Olympic  record — lom.  n  1-55.;  Australia  (Healy,  2m.  312-53.;  Champion, 
2n^«  33  3-5s-»  Boardman,  2m.  355.;  Hardwick,  2m.  31  1-55.),  Stock- 
holm, 1912. 

Two  heats,  July   12,  evening. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — United  States  (Huszagh,  2m.  354-58.;  Duke  Kahanamoku,  2in. 
304-55.;  Hebner,  2m.  432-55.;  McGillivray,  2m.  362-55.),  lom.  262-55., 
won;  Hungary  (Beleznay,  Zachar,  Kenyery,  Lastorres),  lom.  343-55., 
second;  Great  Britain  (Foster,  Hatfield,  Battersby,  Taylor),  lom. 
392-53.,  third.  Second  heat — Australia  (Hardwick,  2m.  312-53.; 
Champion,  2m.  353-55.;  Boardman,  2m.  355.;*  Healy,  2m.  325.),  lom. 
145.,  won;  Germany  (Schiele,  Kunisch,  Ritter,  Bretting),  lom.  42  1-55., 
second. 
All  five  teams  qualified  for  final. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY   15,  NOON. 

Australia  (He^aly,  100  meters,  im.  82-55.;  200  meters,  2m.  31  2-55.;  Cham- 
pion, im.  ii  3-53.,  2m.  333-58.;  Boardman,  im.  94-53^  2m.  355.;  Hard- 
wick, im.  95.,  2m.  31  1-55.),  lom.  11  1-55.,  won;  United  States  (McGil- 
livray, im.  82-55.,  2m.  312-55.;  Hebner,  im.  114-55.,  2m.  403-55.; 
Huszagh,  im.  102-55.,  2m.  371-55.;  Kahanamoku,  im.  6s.,  2m.  313.), 
lom.  20  1-55.,  second;  England  (Battersby,  Foster,  Hatfield,  Taylor), 
lom.  28  3-55.,  third;  Germany  (Schiele,  Ritter,  Kunisch,  Bretting), 
Hatfield  was  timed  by  J.  C.  Hurd  (secretary  A.S.A.  of  England),  2m. 

lom.   335.,  fourth. 
29  3-5S.,  the  fastest  individual  time. 

Hungary,  although  qualified,  did  not  start. 

WATER  POLO. 

July  7,  noon — England  7,  Belgium  5 ;  extra  period  after  a  tie  of  4  each. 
Referee,  G.  Wennerstrom,  Sweden. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  175 

July  8,  noon — Sweden  7,  France  2.     Half  time,  4 — o.     Referee,  J.  C.  Kurd, 

.Great  Britain. 

July  9,   noon — Austria  4, x  Hungary  3.     Referee,  G.   Wennerstrom,   Sweden. 
July    ip,    noon — Belgium    6,    Hungary    5.      Referee,    G.    W.    Hearn,    Great 

Britain. 
July    n,    noon — Belgium    5,    France    i.      Referee,    G.    W.    Hearn,    England. 

Evening — England   6,   Sweden   3.     Half  time,   2 — i.      Referee,   Van   der 

Heyden,  Belgium. 
July    13,   evening — England   8,   Austria  o.     Half  time,   4 — o.      Referee,   Erik 

Bergvall,   Sweden. 
July   14,  evening — Sweden  8,  Austria   i.     Half  time,  5 — i.     Referee,  G.  W. 

Hearn,  Great  Britain. 
July    15,    noon — Belgium    4,    Austria    3.      Half    time,    2 — i.      Referee,    Erik 

Bergvall,   Sweden. 
July  1 6,  noon — Sweden  4,  Belgium  2.    Referee,  G.  W.  Hearn,  Great  Britain. 

FINAL  RESULT. 
Great  Britain,  won;   Sweden,  second;  Belgium,  third. 


J-ADIES' '  RACE—100  METERS. 

Olympic  record — im.    19  4-55.;   Fanny  Durack   (Australia),   Stockholm,   1912. 

First  and  second  heats,  July  8,  evening;   third,   fourth  and   fifth  heats, 

July   9,  noon. 

First,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  semi-final  heat. 

TRIAL  HEATS. 

First  heat — Bella  Moore  (Great  Britain),  im.  294-55.,  won;  Louise  Otto 
(Germany),  im.  342-55.,  second;  Klara  Milch  (Austria),  im.  371-55., 
third;  Greta  Johanson  (Sweden),  im.  41  2-55.,  fourth.  Second  heat — 
Daisy  CurWen  (Great  Britain),  im.  23  3-55.,  won;  Jennie  Fletcher 
(Great  Britain),  im.  26  1-55.,  second;  B.  Zahouret  (Austria),  im. 
383-55.,  third;  Pepi  Kellner  (Austria),  im.  411-55.,  fourth;  Sonja 
Johnsson  (Sweden),  im.  444-55.,  fifth.  Third  heat — Wilhelmina  Wylie 
(Australia),  im.  264-55.,  won;  Mary  Langford  (Great  Britain),  im. 
285.,  second;  Hermine  Stindt  (Germany),  im.  291-55.,  third;  Josefine 
Sticker  (Austria),  im.  31  4-55.,  fourth;  Madame  Guttenstein  (Bel- 
gium), fifth;  Elsa  Bjorklund  (Sweden),  sixth.  Fourth  heat — Fanny 
Durack  (Australia),  im.  19  4-55.,  won;  Irene  Steer  (Great  Britain),  im. 
27  1-55.,  second;  Vally  Dressel  (Germany),  im.  28  3-53.,  third;  Mar- 

§  arete    Adler    (Austria),    im.    342-55.,    fourth;    Greta    Carlsson     (Swe- 
en),    fifth;    Regina   Kari    (Finland),    sixth.      Fifth    heat — Crete    Rosen- 
berg   (Germany),    im.    255.,    won;    Annie    Spiers    (Great    Britain),-  im. 
25  3-5S.,  second;   Vera  Thulin    (Sweden),    im.   445.,  third. 
Vally  Dressel   (Germany)   qualified  as  the  fastest  third. 

SEMI-FINAL  HEATS,  JULY   11,  NOON. 
First,  second  and  fastest  third  qualify  for  final  heat. 

First  heat — Fanny  Durack  (Australia),  im.  20  1-55.,  won;  Daisy  Curwen 
(Great  Britain),  im.  264-55.,  second;  Annie  Spiers  (Great  Britain), 
im.  275.,  third;  Bella  Moore  (Great  Britain),  im.  274-55..  fourth; 
Louise  Otto  (Germany),  fifth;  Mary  Langford  (Great  Britain),  sixth. 
Second  heat — Wilhelmina  Wylie  (Australia),  im.  273.,  won;  Jennie 
Fletcher  (Great  Britain),  im.  271-55.,  second;  Vally  Dressel  (Ger- 
many), im.  29  1-55.,  third. 

Crete  Rosenberg  (Germany)  allowed  in  final,  owing  to  having  been  inter- 
fered with.  Irene  Steer  (Great  Britain),  who  ^finished  third  in  im.  295., 
disqualified  for  interfering. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  177 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY  12,  EVENING. 

Fanny  Durack  (Australia),  im.  22  1-55.,  won;  Wilhelmina  Wylie  (Aus- 
tralia), im.  25  2-55.,  second;  Jennie  Fletcher  (Great  Britain),  im.  275., 
third;  Crete  Rosenberg  (Germany),  im.  27  1-55.,  fourth;  Annie  Spiers 
(Great  Britain),  im.  27  2-55.,  fifth. 

LADIES'  PLAIN   HIGH   DIVING. 

First  heat,  July   10,  noon;   second  heat,  evening. 

First  heat — Greta  Johanson  (Sweden),  place  No.  5,  36.2  points,  won;  Lisa 
Regnell  (Sweden),  place  No.  13,  34.1  points,  second;  Isabelle  White 
(England),  place  No.  14,  33.9  points,  third;  Tora  Larsson  (Sweden), 
place  No.  21,  31  points,  fourth;  T.  Selma  Andersson  (Sweden),  place 
No.  23,  30.6  points,  fifth;  Elsa  Andersson  (Sweden),  place  No.  25, 
27.7  points,  sixth.  Second  heat — Ella  Eklund  (Sweden),  place  No.  7, 
34.4  points,  won;  Elsa  Regnell  (Sweden),  place  No.  8,  34.9  points, 
second;  Gerda  Johansson  (Sweden),  place  No.  16,  28.7  points,  third; 
Dagmar  Nilsson  (Sweden),  place  No.  19,  27.7  points,  fourth;  Ester 
Edstrom  (Sweden),  fifth. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY   13,  EVENING. 

Greta  Johanson  (Sweden),  place  No.  5,  39.9  points,  won;  Lisa  Regnell 
(Sweden),  place  No.  9,  36  points,  second;  Isabelle  White  (Great  Brit- 
ain), place  No.  17,  34  points,  third;  Elsa  Regnell  (Sweden),  place  No. 
20,  33.2  points,  fourth;  Elsa  Anderson  (Sweden),  place  No.  26,  31.3 
points,  fifth;  Ella  Eklund  (Sweden),  place  No.  32,  31.9  points,  sixth; 
Selma  Andersson  (Sweden),  seventh;  Tora  Larsson  (Sweden),  eighth. 

LADIES'  RELAY   RACE— 400   METERS. 

Teams  composed  of  four,  each  to  swim   100  meters. 

FINAL  HEAT,  JULY  15,  NOON. 

England  (Bella  Moore,  im.  282-55.;  Irene  Steer,  im.  294-55.;  A.  Spiers, 
im.  291-58.;  J.  Fletcher,  im.  252-55.),  sm.  524-53.,  won;  Germany 
(Hermine  Stindt,  Louise  Otto,  Vally  Dressel,  Crete  Rosenberg),  6m. 
43-5S.,  second;  Austria  (Klara  Milch,  F.  Sticker,  P.  Kellner,  B. 
Zahourek),  6m.  175.,  third;  Sweden,  fourth. 

300   METERS  SWIM    FOR   LADIES. 

July   15,  evening. 

Attempt  to  break  the  world's  record  by  Miss  Fanny  Durack  (Australia). — 
Time,  4m.  43  3-55.  100  meters  in  im.  245.;  200  meters,  3m.  55. 

FASTEST  TIMES  IN  OLYMPIC  GAMES.  1912 

ioo  Meters — im.  2  2-55.,  Duke  P.  Kahanamoku,  U.S.A.;  im.  4  1-55.,  K. 
Huszagh,  U.S.A.,  and  C.  Bretting,  Germany;  im.  4  2-55.,  Perry  McGilli- 
vray,  U.S.A.;  im.  4  3-55.,  C.  Healy,  Australia;  im.  5^1-53.,  Wm.  Long- 
worth,  Australia';  im.  5  3-55.,  L.  Boardman,  Australia;  im.  5  4-53.,  H. 
Hardwick,  Australia,  and  W.  Ramine,  Germany;  im.  7  3-55.,  N.  T. 
Nerich,  U.S.A.;  im.  8s.,  R.  M.  Ritter,  Germany,  and  L.  Beleznay,  Hun- 
gary. 

400  Meters — sm.  24  2-55.,  G.  R.  Hodgson,  Canada;  sm.  25  3-55.,  J.  G.  Hat- 
field,  Great  Britain;  sm.  315.,  H.  Hardwick,  Australia;  sm.  343.,  C. 
Healy,  Australia;  sm.  34  4-55.,  B.  V.  Lastorres,  Hungary;  sm.  375., 
M.  Champion,  Australia;  sm.  44  3-55.,  R.  M.  Ritter,  Germany;  sm.  465., 
A.  Kenyery,  Hungary. 

1500  Meters — 22m.,  G.  R.  Hodgson,  Canada;  22m.  33  2-55.,  J.  G.  Hatfield, 
Great  Britain;  22m.  585.,  B.  V.  Lastorres,  Hungary;  23m.  2  3-55.,  Wm. 
Longworth,  Australia;  23m.  12  1-55.,  W.  Andersson,  Sweden;  23m.  145., 
H.  Hardwick,  Australia;  23m.  24  1-53.,  M.  Champion,  Australia;  23m. 
32  i -55.,  W.  Foster,  Great  Britain. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  179 

WINNERS   OF  OLYMPIC    COMPETITIONS 
OTHER  THAN  TRACK  AND  FIELD 


CYCLING  ROAD  RACE  AROUND  LAKE  MALAR. 

Distance  about  200  miles.     Partly  individual  and  partly  team  race. 
Individual  results — R.  Lewis  (South  Africa),   i,  time   loh.  42m.  395.;  F.  H. 
Grubb    (Great  Britain),  2;   C.   O.   Schutte    (U.S.A.),   3.     Team  results — 
Sweden,  i;  Great  Britain,  2;  United  States,  3. 

FENCING. 

Individual  foils — N.  Nadi  (Italy),  i;  P.  Speciale  (Italy),  2;  R.  Verderber 
(Austria),  3.  Team  sword  contest — Belgium,  i;  Great  Britain,  2; 
Holland,  3.  Individual  sword  contest — P.  Anspach  (Belgium),  i ;  I. 
Ossier  (Denmark),  2;  P.  le  Hardy  de  Beaulieu  (Belgium),  3.  Team 
sabre  contest — Hungary,  i;  Austria,  2;  Holland,  3.  Individual  sabre 
contest — J.  Fuchs  (Hungary),  i;  E.  Bekessy  (Hungary),  2;  E.  Mes- 
zaros  (Hungary).  3. 


GYMNASTICS. 

Team  competition  (according  to  the  Swedish  system) — Sweden,  i ;  Den- 
mark, 2;  Norway,  3.  Team  competition  (any  except  Swedish  exer- 
cises)— Italy,  i;  Hungary,  2;  Great  Britain,  3.  Team  competition  (with 
free  choice  of  movements  and  apparatus) — Norway,  i;  Finland,  2; 
Denmark,  3.  Individual  competition — A.  Braglia  (Italy),  i;  L.  Segura 
(France),  2;  A.  Tunesi  (Italy),  3. 

LAWN    TENNIS. 

Covered  court  competitions — Gentlemen's  singles:  A.  Gobert  (France),  i; 
C.  P.  Dixon  (Great  Britain),  2;  A.  F.  Wilding  (Australia),  3.  Ladies' 
singles:  Miss  E.  M.  Hannam  (Great  Britain),  i;  Miss  T.  G.  S.  Casten- 
schiold  (Denmark),  2;  Miss  M.  B.  Parton,  3.  Gentlemen's  doubles: 
A.  Gobert  and  M.  Germo't  (France),  i;  G.  Setterwall  and  G.  Kempe 
(Sweden),  2;  C.  P.  Dixon  and  A.  E.  Beamish  (Great  Britain),  3. 
Mixed  doubles:  Miss  E.  M.  Hannam  and  C.  P.  Dixon  (Great  Brit- 
ain), i;  Miss  F.  H.  Aitchison  and  H.  Koper  Barrett  (Great  Britain), 
2;  Mrs.  S.  Fick  and  G.  Setterwall  (Sweden),  3.  Outdoor  courts- — Gen- 
tlemen's singles:  C.  L.  Winslow  (South  Africa),  i;  H.  A.  Kitspn 
(South  Africa),  2;  O.  Kreuzer  (Germany),  3.  Ladies'  singles:  Miss 
M.  Broquedis  (France),  i;  Miss  D.  Koring  (Germany),  2;  Miss  M. 
Bjurstedt  (Norway),  3.  Gentlemen's  doubles:  H.  A.  Kitson  and  C.  L. 
Winslow  (South  Africa),  i;  A.  Zborzil  and  F.  Pipes  C  Austria),  2;  A. 
Canet  and  M.  Meny  (France),  3.  Mixed  doubles:  Miss  D.  Koring 
and  H.  Schomburgk  (Germany),  i;  Mrs.  S.  Fick  and  G.  Setterwall 
(Sweden),  2;  Miss  M.  Broquedis  and  A.  Canet  (France),  3. 

MODERN    PENTATHLON. 

Consisting  of  duel   shooting,   swimming,   fencing,   riding,   cross- 
country race. 

G.  Lilliehook  (Sweden),  i;  G.  Asbrink  (Sweden),  2;  G.  de  Laval  (Swe- 
den), 3;  A.  E.  Gronhagen  (Sweden),  4;  G.  S.  Patton,  Jr.  (U.S.A.),  5- 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  181 

ROWING. 

Eight-oar,  outriggers — Leander  R.C.  (Great  Britain),  i;  New  College  (Great 
Britain),  2.  Four-oar,  outriggers — Ludwigshafen  R.V.  (Germany),  i; 
Thames  R.C.  (Great  Britain),  2.  Four-oar,  inriggers — Denmark,  i ; 
Sweden,  2.  Single  sculls — W.  D.  Kinnear  (Great  Britain),  i;  P. 
Veirman  (Belgium),  2.  

SHOOTING. 

Army  rifle  shooting — Team  competition:  United  States,  i;  Great  Britain. 
2;  Sweden,  3.  Individual  competition,  600  meters — P.  R.  Colas  (France), 
i;  C.  T.  Osburn  (U.S.A.),  2;  J.  E.  Jackson  (U.S.A.),  3.  Individual 
competition,  300  meters — A.  Prokopp  (Hungary),  i;  C.  T.  Osburn 
(U.S.A.),  2;  E.  E.  Skogen  (Norway),  3.  Shooting  with  any  rifle — Team 
competition:  Sweden,  i;  Norway,  2;  Denmark,  3.  Individual  compe- 
tition, 300  meters — P.  R.  Colas  (France),  i;  J.  L.  Madsen  (Denmark). 
2;  N.  H.  D.  Larsen  (Denmark),  3.  Miniature  rifle  shooting — Team 
competition,  50  meters:  Great  Britain,  i;  Sweden,  2;  United  States,  3. 
Individual  competition,  50  meters — F.  S.  Hird  (U.S.A.),  i;  W.  Milne 
(Great  Britain),  2;  H.  Burt  (Great  Britain),  3.  Team  competition, 
25  meters — Sweden,  i;  Great  Britain,  2;  United  States,  3.  Individual 
competition,  25  meters — W.  Carlberg  (Sweden),  i;  J.  H.  von  Hoist 
(Sweden),  2;  G.  Ericsson  (Sweden),  3.  Revolver  and  Pistol  Shooting 
— Team  competition:  United  States,  i;  Sweden,  2;  Great  Britain,  3. 
Individual  competition,  50  meters — A.  P.  Lane  (U.S.A.),  i;  P.  J. 
Dolfen  (U.S.A.),  2;  G.  E.  Stewart  (Great  Britain),  3.  Duel  shooting — 
Team  competition:  Sweden,  i ;  Russia,  2;  Great  Britain,  3.  Individual 
competition,  30  meters — A.  P.  Lane  (U.S.A.'),  i;  P.  Palen  (Sweden), 
2;  H.  von  Hoist  (Sweden),  3.  Clay  Bird  Shooting — Team  competition: 
United  States,  i;  Great  Britain,  2;  Germany,  3.  Individual  compe- 
tition— J.  R.  Graham  (U.S.A.),  i;  A.  Goeldel  (Germany),  2;  H.  Blau 
(Russia),  3.  Running  Deer  Shooting — Team  competition:  Sweden,  i; 
United  States,  2;  Finland,  3.  Individual  competition,  100  meters; 
single  shots — A.  Swahn  (Sweden),  i;  A.  Lundeberg  (Sweden),  2;  N. 
Toivonen  (Finland),  3.  Double  shot,  100  meters — A.  Lundeberg  (Swe- 
den), i;  E.  Benedicks  (Sweden),  2;  O.  G.  Swahn  (Sweden),  3. 


SOCCER  FOOT  BALL. 

Great  Britain,   i;  Denmark,  2;  Holland,  3. 


WRESTLING, 

Featherweight — Kalle  Koskelo  (Finland),  i;  G.  Gerstacker  (Germany),  2; 
O.  A.  Lasanen  (Finland),  3.  Lightweight — E.  E.  Ware  (Finland),  i; 
G.  H.  Malmstrom  (Sweden),  2;  E.  Matiason  (Sweden),  3.  Middle- 
weight (a) — C.  E.  Johansson  (Sweden),  i;  M.  Klein  (Russia),  2;  A. 
Asikainen  (Finland),  3.  Middleweight  (b) — A.  O.  Ahlgren  (Sweden), 
i;  I.  T.  Boling  (Finland),  2;  B.  Varga  (Hungary),  3.  Heavyweight — 
U.  Saarela  (Finland),  i;  J.  Olin  (Finland),  2;  S.  M.  Jensen  (Den- 
mark), 3. 

YACHT    RACING 

Held  July  20,  21,  22.  Classes,  6,  8,  10  and  12  meters.  Helmsman 
and  every  member  of  crew  must  be  amateurs.  There  were  two  races 
in  each  class,  with  the  following  method  of  scoring:  first  place,  7  points; 
second  place,  3  points;  third  place,  i  point;  and,  if  necessary,  an  extra 
race  between  yachts  with  the  same  number  of  points. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  183 

12  meter  class,  cruisers,  Group  A — Firsl  round:  Magda  IX  i,  Erna  Signe 
2,  Heatherbell  3.  Second  round:  Magda  IX  i,  Erna  Signe  2,  Heather- 
bell  3.  First  prize,  Magda  IX  (Alfred  Larsen,  Norway) ;  second 
prize,  Erna  Signe  (N.  Persson  and  N.  Asp,  Sweden) ;  third  prize, 
Heatherbell  (E.  Krogius,  Finland). 

10  meter  class,  cruisers,  Group  A — First  round:  Kitty  i,  Nina  2, 
Gallia  II  3.  Second  round:  Kitty  i,  Gallia  II  2,  Nina  3.  Extra 
round:  Nina  i,  Gallia  II  2.  First  prize,  Kitty  (N.  Asp,  Sweden); 
second  prize,  Nina  (Harry  Wahl,  Finland)  ;  third  prize,  Gallia  II 
(Alex.  Wischnegradsky,  Russia). 

8  meter  class,  cruisers,  Group  A — First  round:  Taifun  i,  Sans  Atout  2, 
Orn  3.  Second  round:  Taifun  i,  Lucky  Girl  2,  Orn  3.  Extra 
round:  Sans  Atout  i,  Lucky  Girl  2.  First  prize,  Taifun  (Thoralf 
Glad,  Norway) ;  second  prize.  Sans  Atout  (B.  Heyman,  Sweden) ; 
third  prize,  Lucky  Girl  (Bertil  and  Gunnar  Tallberg,  Finland). 

6  meter  class,  cruisers,  Group  A — First  round:  Nurdug  II  i,  MacMiche  2, 
Saas  3.  Second  round:  MacMiche  i,  Nurdug  II  2,  Kerstin  3.  Extra 
round:  Mac  Miche  i,  Nurdug  II  2,  Kerstin  3.  First  prize,  Mac 
Miche  (G.  Thube  and  G.  Fitau,  France) ;  second  prize,  Nurdug  if 
(Otto  Reedz-Thott,  Denmark)  ;  third  prize,  Kerstin  (Dan  Brostrom, 
Sweden). 


HORSE    RIDING 

Held    July    13-17,     1912.      Team    and    individual    competition. 

I.    MILITARY. 

Combined  team  and  individual  competition,  comprising  (i)  Distance  ride 
(about  34  miles),  of  which  (2)  is  a  cross-country  ride  of  about  3 
miles;  (3)  Individual  steeplechase  ride;  (4)  Prize  jumping;  (5)  Prize 
riding.  (See  table  on  following  page.) 

II.     PRIZE  RIDING. 

Capt.  C.  Bonde  (Sweden),  i;  Major  G.  A.  Boltenstern  (Sweden),  2; 
Lieut.  H.  von  Blixen-Finecke  (Sweden),  3;  Capt.  von  Oesterley 
(Germany),  4;  Lieut.  C.  Rosenblad  (Sweden),  5;  Capt.  O.  af  Strom 
(Sweden),  6.  Twenty-one  entered. 

III.     PRIZE  JUMPING. 

Individual     competition,     maximum     190     points.       Team     competition, 
maximum    570    points. 

Individual  competition — Capt.  Cariou  (France),  186  points,  i;  Lieut. - 
Col.  von  Krocher  (Germany),  186  points,  2;  Capt.  E.  de  Blommaert 
(Belgium),  185  points-,  3;  Lieut.  H.  S.  L.  Scott  (Great  Britain), 
184  points,  4:  Lieut. -Col.  Freyer  (Germany),  5;  Lieut,  von  Hohenau 
(Germany),  Capt.  N.  Adlecreutz  (Sweden),  and  Lieut.  E.  G.  Caspars- 
son  (Sweden)  181  points,  tied  for  6.  Thirty-one  entries. 

Team  competition,  points  of  first  three  to  count — Swedish  team  (Lieut. 
Lewenhaupt,  Lieut.  Kilman,  Lieut,  von  Rosen,  Lieut.  Rosencrantz), 
545  points,  i ;  French  team  (Lieut.  d'Astafort,  Capt.  Cariou,  Com. 
Meyer,  Lieut.  Seigner),  538  points,  2;  German  team  (Lieut. -Col. 
Freyer,  Lieut,  von  Hohenau,  Lieut.  Deloch,  Seine  Konigliche  Hoheit 
Prinz,  Lieut.  Friedrich  Karl  von  Preussen),  530  points,  3;  United 
States  team  (Lieut.  Montgomery,  Capt.  Henry,  Lieut.  Ben  Lear), 
527  points,  4;  Russian  -team  (Capt.  Rodzianko,  Lieut.  Pleckhoff, 
Capt.  Selikhoff,  Son  Altesse  Imperial,  Grand  Due  Dmitry  Pawlo- 
witch,  Lieut.),  520  points,  5;  Belgian  team^  (Capt.  de  Blommaert, 
Lieut,  de  Trannoy,  Lieut.  Convert),  510  points,  6. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


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SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


RIFLE  SHOOTING  COMPETITIONS 

BY  LIEUT.  A.  S.  JONES 
Secretary  National  Rifle  Association  of  America 

The  United  States  may  well  be  proud  of  the  record  of  its  rifle 
shooting  representatives  at  the  Olympic  Games.  They  not  only 
won  what  they  went  after,  but  some  matches  in  addition,  in  whic?i 
they  did  not  expect  to  nave  even  a  look-in. 

The  primary  object  in  sending  a  rifle  team  to  Stockholm  was 
to  win  the  military  match  and  retain  the  title  of  champions  of 
the  world  with  the  army  rifle.  To  accomplish  this  purpose  the 
other  matches  were  sacrificed,  but  it  was  decided  also  to  engage 
in  the  following  matches  under  different  conditions : 

Individual  competition  with  army  rifle  at  300  meters ;  indi- 
vidual competition  with  army  rifle  at  600  meters ;  team  compe- 
tition, "any"  rifle,  at  300  meters ;  individual  competition,  "any'* 
rifle,  at  300  meters;  team  competition,  .22  caliber  rifle,  at 
50  meters;  individual  competition,  .22  caliber  rifle,  at  50  meters; 
team  competition,  .22  caliber  rifle  rapid  fire  at  25  meters;  indi- 
vidual competition,  .22  caliber  rifle,  rapid  fire,  at  25  meters ; 
team  competition,  running  deer,  at  100  meters ;  individual  com- 
petition, running  deer,  single  shot,  100  meters,  and  individual 
competition,  running  deer,  double  shot  100  meters. 

The  most  remarkable  feature  of  this  team's  record  was  the 
fact  that  military  shooters,  with  very  little  preparatory  practice 
for  the  miniature  matches,  entered  these  competitions,  were  third 
in  the  50  meter  team  match,  third  in  the  rapid  fire  team  match, 
and  won  the  individual  50  meter  match. 

In  the  running  deer  competition  our  men  thought  they  had 
so  little  chance,  after  watching  the  practice  of  the  teams  from 
other  nations,  that  it  was  decided  not  to  enter  a  team,  bi^"  at 
the  last  minute  this  decision  was  reversed,  as  it  was  thought  that 
it  might  be  interpreted  as  lack  of  sportsmanship,  and  the  team 
was  entered  at  the  eleventh  hour.  Much  to  their  own  surprise 
as  well  as  everybody  else's,  they  won  second  place. 

As  all  the  matches,  except  the  army  rifle  matches,  were  new  to 
pur  men,  the  difficulties  may  be  mentioned.  It  was  decided  that 
it  was  impracticable  to  enter  a  team  in  the  matches  with  "any" 
rifle,  as  there  were  no  rifles  taken  along  with  the  party  that 
could  be  used  to  advantage  for  this  style  of  shooting.  A  try-out 
was  held  with  the  Springfield  rifle,  to  see  if  the  scores  would 


SPALDING'S   ATHLETIC   LIBRARY.  189 

compare  with  those  being  made  by  the  shooters  of  the  other 
nations  with  their  Schuetzen  rifles,  but  the  comparison  caused 
the  team  captain  to  withdraw  from  those  matches. 

It  was  thought  that  the  cutting  out  of  the  long  ranges  in 
the  army  rifle  team  individual  matches  would  seriously  hurt  the 
chances  of  the  American  competitors,  as  they  are  particularly 
strong  in  this  style  of  shooting,  but  the  results  showed  other- 
wise. 

To  sum  up,  the  rifle  team  won  the  total  number  of  15  points 
for  the  United  States.  Furthermore,  not  only  was  the  team  suc- 
cessful far  beyond  their  most  sanguine  expectation,  but  it  can 
truthfully  be  said  that  they  left  behind  them  an  impression  for 
sportsmanship,  manly  bearing  and  good-fellowship  that  will  leave 
r.  lasting  impression  upon  all  their  competitors.  It  was  the  most 
popular  rifle  team  there  and  received  more  attention  and  cour- 
tesies than  were  accorded  to  the  other  nations.  The  policy  of 
the  captains  of  the  different  teams  from  the  first  was  that  of 
accepting  every  decision  with  the  best  of  grace.  Their  patience 
was  tried  more  than  once  by  conflicting  decisions,  changes  of 
programme  and  vague  rules  which  were  not  interpreted  in  some 
cases  until  the  matches  began.  Several  times  the  Americans  were 
appealed  to  to  take  the  initiative  in  making  protests,  but  refrained 
in  every  case  from  not  only  taking  the  initiative,  but  even  in 
joining  with  other  nations  in  protesting. 

To  sum  up  the  results  of  the  matches,  they  are  as  follows : 
International  team  competition,  army  rifle,  team  of  six  men 
firing  15  shots  for  record  at  200,  400,  500  and  600  meters,  won  by 
United  States.  The  scores  and  final  standing  of  the  teams  were 
as  follows : 


i.     UNITED 

STATES. 

200 

400 

500 

600    Total. 

Capt.  A.  L.  Briggs,  U.S.  A  

72 

75 

70 

66         283 

Lieut.  C.  T.  Osburn, 

U.S.N  

73 

75 

72 

58         278 

Sergt.  H.  L.  Adams, 

U.S.A  

74 

74 

73 

62         283 

Capt.  C.   L.  Burdette 

,  W.V.N.G  

74 

73 

7i 

70         288 

Hos.    Steward   W.   A 

Sprout,    U.S.N.  . 

74 

74 

69 

59          276 

Sergt.  J.  E.  Jackson, 

Iowa  N.G  

7i 

73 

69 

66          279 

Totals   

438 

444 

424 

381       1,687 

Great  Britain    

.      428 

410 

39i 

373         ,602 

Sweden     

4i7 

416 

384 

353         »57» 

South   Africa    

415 

387 

393 

336         ,531 

France    

.      405 

407 

377 

326         ,515 

Norway    

408 

378 

358 

329         ,473 

Greece,   total   score.. 

,445 

Denmark,  total  score 

,419 

Russia,   total   score.  . 

,403 

Hungary,  total   score 

,333 

The  United  States  led  at  every  stage  of  the  match. 


«—  .C   C 


SPALBING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  191 

INDIVIDUAL  COMPETITION   ARMY    RIFLE— 300   METERS. 

This  match  was  a  sort  of  rapid  fire  match.  Each  contestant 
fired  10  shots  at  a  stationary  target  and  10  shots,  rapid  lire,  at 
a  half-figure  target,  three  minutes  being  allowed  for  the  10 
shots.  For  this  match  the  Americans  had  very  little  training  and 
such  as  they  had  was  in  a  different  manner  from  that  used  in  the 
match.  The  high  score  of  97  points  was  made  by  a  Hungarian. 
For  the  second  place,  Osburn  of  the  United  States  and  a  Nor- 
wegian and  Greek  tied.  In  the  shoot-off  Osburn  won,  with  a. 
score  of  99,  topping  the  winning  score  of  the  match  by  two 
points.  There  were  91  contestants  in  this  match, 

INDIVIDUAL  COMPETITION   ARMY   RIFLE— 600   METERS. 

The  conditions  of  this  match  called  for  20  shots  for  record  on 
a  bullseye  target.  There  were  86  contestants, 

1.  P.    R.    Colas,   France 94        3.     A.    L.    Briggs,    U.S 93 

2.  C.   T.    Osburn,    U.S 94       4.     J.    E.   Jackson,    U.S 93 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  that  the  United  States  captured  three 
of  the  four  places  and  a  shoot-off  was  necessary  to  decide  the 
ties.  In  the  shoot-off  for  first  and  second  place  Colas  won  by 
one  point,  with  a  score  of  91,  Osburn  one  point  behind.  The 
shoot-off  between  Jackson  and  Briggs  was  won  by  Jackson,  with 
a  score  of  90,  Briggs  89. 

MINIATURE   MATCHES— 50   METER  TEAM    MATCH. 

It  was  apparent  from  the  beginning  of  this  competition  that 
the  United  States  team  was  outclassed,  not  only  because  of  lack 
of  practice,  but  in  equipment  as  well.  Both  the  British  and 
Swedish  teams  had  been  practising  at  this  game  for  a  long  time 
and  had  perfect  team  organization  as  well  as  equipment. 
Furthermore,  the  Americans  dropped  their  army  rifles  to  take  up 
their  .22's,  and  Osburn  was  compelled  to  sight  in  his  rifle  in  the 
match.  With  all  these  handicaps,  however,  the  United  States  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  third  place. 

1.  Great    Britain    762  Individual  scores  of  American  team: 

2.  Sweden      748  W.    A.    Sprout...      193 

3.  United    States 744  W.    F.    Leushner        188 

4.  France      714  F.    S.    Hird 185 

5.  Denmark     708  C.    T.    Osburn...      178 

6.  Greece 708  744 

INDIVIDUAL    MATCH— 50    METERS— 40    SHOTS. 

Great  was  the  surprise  of  the  United  States  contingent  when 
at  the  close  of  this  competition  it  was  found  that  Captain  Fred 
S.  Hird  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  had  won  the  match  with  a  score 
of  194  out  of  the  possible  200.  Second,  third,  fourth,  fifth  and 


OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM,    SWEDEN,    1912. 

Mr.  John  J.  Sweeney  and  Dr.  F.  N.  Bonine.  field  umpires  at  base  ball  garae 
between  the  Olympics  (East)  and  Finlands  (West)  played  in  Stockholm, 
Sweden,  in  connection  with  Olympic  Games, 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  193 

sixth  places  were  taken  by  the  Britishers,  and  seventh  place 
went  to  Sergeant  Leushner  of  Buffalo.  Only  five  points  sepa- 
rated the  tenth  man  from  the  winner. 

TEAM    COMPETITION— 25    METERS. 

Target — Silhouette   figure    of   a    man    4.7    inches   high;    25    shots    each    man; 
time  limit  of  3  seconds  for  each  shot. 

Much  to  the  surprise  of  all  the  other  nations,  it  was  found 
that  the  Swedish  team  was  resting  the  butt  of  the  rifle  and  the 
back  of  the  hand  upon  the  ground,  thus  practically  giving 
machine  rest.  This  position  was  ruled  by  the  Swedish  officer  in 
charge  to  be  not  artificial.  When  we  found  this  out  our  men 
also  decided  to  use  this  position,  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  it 
was  any  advantage  to  them,  as  they  were  not  accustomed  to  it. 
In  this  match  the  number  of  hits  counted.  In  case  of  tie  the 
ring  count  was  to  be  used.  Both  the  British  and  Swedish  teams 
made  one  miss.  The  last  competitor  on  the  United  States  team 
got  one  shot  alongside  of  the  neck.  If  it  had  been  a  hit  it  would 
have  given  the  match  to  the  United  States. 

1.  Sweden      925  Individual  scores  of  American  team: 

2.  Great    Britain     917  F.     S.     Hird 227 

3.  United    States 88 1  W.    A.    Sprout...      221 

4.  Greece      716  W.  N.  McDonnell     217 

W.    F\    Leushner.      216 

881 

RUNNING    DEER    MATCHES— TEAM     MATCH. 

It  was  only  at  the  eleventh  hour  that  it  was  decided  to  enter 
a  team  in  this  match.  The  run  of  the  deer  was  23  meters,  and 
the  time  in  crossing  the  line  of  vision  was  four  seconds.  The 
distance  from  the  firing  point  to  the  target  was  100  meters.  The 
personnel  of  the  United  States  team  was :  Mr.  Walter  Winans, 
Colonel  Libbey,  Sergeant  Leushner  and  Surgeon  McDonnell, 
'  U.  S.  N.  They  took  second  place,  Sweden  being  the  victors,  with 
Finland  third. 

The  lesson  of  these  matches  is  that  to  make  a  creditable  record 
in  each  shooting  event,  shooters  must  specialize  and  not  try  to 
do  too  many  things  with  the  same  set  of  men.  At  the  Olympic 
Games  in  Berlin,  in  1916,  the  miniature  and  running  deer  entries 
should  be  composed  of  separate  teams  of  men  who  should  be 
selected  for  these  teams  after  a  try-out  in  these  particular  lines 
of  shooting.  It  is  doubtful  whether  the  National  Rifle  Associa- 
tion of  America  could  raise  enough  money  by  public  subscrip- 
tion to  send  separate  teams  to  the  foreign  countries  and  the  gov- 
ernment should  be  asked  to  assist  financially  in  the  sending  of 
representatives  to  the  Olympic  events. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  195 


PISTOL  AND  REVOLVER  COMPETITIONS 

As  a  result  of  the  Peekskill  tryout  on  June  4,  Messrs.  Lane, 
Dietz,  Roedder,  Dolfen,  LeBoutillier  and  Sears  were  entered  as 
America's  representatives  in  the  50  meter  team  contest.  Accom- 
panied by  Captain  R.  H.  Sayre,  captain  of  the  team,  the  members 
sailed  on  the  Finland,  with  the  American  athletes.  Unfortunately 
at  the  last  moment  a  serious  illness  in  the  family  of  Mr.  LeBou- 
tillier made  it  impossible  for  that  gentleman  to  go  with  the  others 
and  as  the  entries  had  closed  only  five  men  were  left  from  whom 
to  select  a  team,  instead  of  the  six,  the  maximum  number. 

The  following  details  of  the  pistol  and  revolver  competition  are 
from  an  account  furnished  by  Captain  Sayre  to  the  U.  S.  R.  A. 
Bulletin. 

The  individual  dueling  match  at  30  meters  was  shot  on  Satur- 
day, July  29.  For  a  long  time  Dietz,  with  283,  was  high  man, 
then  Dolfen  made  284,  but  a  ten  was  not  allowed  on  the  ground 
that  the  target  was  moving  when  the  bullet  hit  it.  Captain 
Sayre  claimed  that  Dolfen  shot  inside  his  three  seconds  limit 
and  that  if  the  target  moved  just  as  he  shot,  the  shot  ought 
to  have  come  in  sidewise  as  it  takes  an  appreciable  time  for  a 
.22  bullet  to  travel  thirty  yards.  The  matter  is  not  covered  by 
the  printed  rules  and  was  referred  to  the  International  Jury 
on  shooting.  After  this  Lane  won  first  place,  with  287,  and  the 
last  man  up,  a  Swede,  A.  G.  Paul  Palen  made  286,  getting  sec- 
ond place.  Lieut.  Von  Holtz  of  Germany  had  tied  Dietz  with  283 
and  on  the  shoot-off  Von  Holtz  made  284  and  Dietz  282.  Of  the 
American  shooters,  Winans  made  286,  Roedder  275,  Sayre  268 
and  Sears  266. 

The  dueling  team  match  was  shot  on  Saturday  afternoon, 
June  29,  and  the  Americans  were  not  permitted  to  substitute 
Dolfen  for  LeBoutillier,  who  had  been  entered  but  was  unable  to 
come  with  the  team.  The  American  team  was  made  up  of  Lane, 
Sayre,  Winans  and  Dietz  and  secured  fourth  place,  the  Swedish 
team  winning  with  a  fine  score  and  no  misses.  The  scores  of 
the  first  six  nations  follows : 

i.     Sweden —  2.     Russia — 

Lt.    W.    Carlbery.      290  Kach     281 

E.    Carlbery    287  Melnitsky    273 

P.   Palen    284  Woiloschnikoff    .  .      270 

Lt,  H,  Von  Holtz     284  Partehimonoff    ...     267 

—  1145  1091 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  197 

3.     Great  Britain —  4.     United   States — 

S.   M.    Durant  A.  P.   Lane 291 

S.    M.   Kempster  R.  H.   Sayre 273 

H.  O.  Poulter                                                   Walter    Winans.  .      271 
C.  E.   Stewart  J.  A.   Dietz 261 

1107  1096 

5.     Greece    1057        6.     France — 

Edmon  Sandoz. .  .  285 
Baron  Jambert...  275 
M.  C.  Montfort..  259 
Maurice  Faure...  220 

1039 

The  individual  50  meter  competition  was  shot  at  12.30  P.  M., 
Monday,  July  i.  A.  P.  Lane  of  New  York  won  first  place  and 
P.  J.  Dolfen  of  Springfield  second.  There  were  more  than 
fifty  contestants  and  the  scores  of  the  leaders  follow : 

1.  A.  P.  Lane    (U.S.A.) .  499  12.  E.   Carlbery    (Sweden)..    .  452 

2.  P.  J.   Dolfen   (U.S.A.)....  474  13.  R.   H.    Sayre    (U.S.A.)....  452 

3.  C.  E.  Stewart   (Gr.  Brit.).  470  14.  Rogand    (France) 447 

4.  G.  de  Laval   (Sweden) 470  15.  W.  Carlbery   (Sweden) 446 

5.  Bosteom    (Sweden) 468  16.  Paultenrynoff    (Russia) 442 

6.  H.  O.  Poulter  (Gr.  Brit.).  461  17.  Theophilakis    (Greece) 441 

7.  H.   E.   Sears   (U.S.A.) 459  18.  Kouskoff    (Russia) 438 

8.  Panin    (Russia) 457  19.  Durant    (Great  Britain)...  433 

9.  John  A.  Dietz  (U.S.A.)...  454  20.  Larssen     (Sweden) 432 

10.  Johnson    (France) 454        21.     H.  Roedder   (U.S.A.) 431 

11.  A.   Torok    (Austria) 453 

On  Tuesday,  July  2,  the  50  meter  team  contest,  the  event  for 
which  the  Americans  had  especially  trained,  was  shot  and  was 
won  handily  by  America  with  Sweden,  England,  Russia  and 
Greece  following  in  the  order  named. 

i.     United  States —  2.     Sweden— 

A.  P.   Lane 509  Lt.  G.  de  Laval..  475 

H.  E.  Sears 474  E,   Bosteom ,  443 

P.  J.  Dolfen 467  Lt.  W.  Carlbery,.  459 

J.  A.   Dietz 466  Lt.   E.   Carlbery..  472 

—  1916  1849 

3.     Great  Britain — •  4.     Russia— 

C.  E.  Stewart.  .  .  .      435  Schesterikoff    ....     448 

A.   J.   Kempster..      452  Panin    469 

H.    Durant 456  Metuitzki    437 

H.  O.  Poulter....      461  Voyloschnikoff    ..      447 

1804  1801 

5.     Greece — 

Mavsommatis    .  .  .     454 

Scarlatos    429 

A.   Theophilakis.  .      406 
J.   Theophilakis.. .     472 

1761 


OLYMPISKA 
SPELEN 


GAMES) 

OSTERMALMS  IDROTTSPLATS 
Mandagen  d.  15  Juli  kl.  10-lbo  f.  m. 

BASEBOLL 


Amerikanskt 

Baseboll-lag 

mot 

Vastertis' 

Basebollklubb. 

J*~-  sverige  ^  Ursta  gangen  i  taflan  mot 
utlandskt  Baseboll-lag. 

Tva  Amerikanska  lag  spela 

5  innings  mot  hvarandra. 

Segrande  laget  mdter  Va 

steras'  Basebollklubb. 


Sasom  domare  fungerar  den 

valkande  f.  d.  professionelle 

BaseboU-spelaren    GEORG 

WRIGHT,  som  1809  gjorde 

en  fard  jorden  rondt  med 

"The  Champion  Baseboll 

Team  of  the  World" 


OLYMPIC  GAMES  AT  STOCKHOLM    SWEDEN,   1912. 

Poster  advertising  the  Base  Ball  Game  between  American  an 

Swedish  players. 


SP ALBINO'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  199 

BASE  BALL  AT  ^STOCKHOLM,  1912 

SWEDEN   VS.  UNITED   STATES. 

The  Swedish  team  was  augmented  by  a  battery  consisting  of  Ben  Adams 
and   Wesley   Oler,    Jr.,    furnished   by   the    American   players. 

SWEDEN.  AB.  R.  H.  P.  A.  E.        UNITED   STATES.  AB.  R.  H.  P.  A.  E. 

Oler,    c 4     o     i      7     2     o        Drew,     rf i  i 

B.   Adams,   p 3     o      i     2     2     i        Whitney,    rf i  i 

Nelson,    p i      o     o     o     i      o        Courtney,    3b....    3  2 

Holden,    p o     o     o     o     o     o        Kiviat,    ss 4  2 

Sapery,    ss 4     o     o     o     o     o        Jones,    2b 3  i 

Welin,    ib 3     o     o     2     o     i        Kelly,     cf 3  i 

Wikman,    3b 3     o     i     o     o     o        Patterson,    cf....    i  o 

Landahl,    2b 3     o     i     3     o     2        Davenport,     c...  .  .    3  2 

Larson,    rf 3      i      i     o     o     o        Irons,    If 2  o 

Torsleff,    If 2     i      i     o     o     i        Horine,   If i  i 

Johannson,    If....    i      i      i     o     o     o        Bonhag,     ib 2  o 

Axell,    cf 3     o     o     i     o     o        Blanchard,    ib....    i  i 

Byrd,    p o  o 

Haff,    p 2  o 

McClure,    p o  i 

Totals    30     3     7   15     5     5           Totals   27   13  10  21*  4     2 

*  Sweden  allowed  6  put-outs  in  last   (sixth)   inning. 

United   States    4          i          o         o  8         x — 13 

Sweden    • o         o         o         2  o         i —  3 

Two-base  hits — Courtney,  Wikman.     Three-base  hit — Kiviat.  Stolen  bases 


— Kiviat,  Jones  2,  Davenport  2,  Johannson.  Bases  on  balls — Off  B.  Adams 
i,  off  Nelson  3.  Struck  out — By  B.  Adams  3,  by  Byrd  3,  by  Haff  3,  by 
McClure  i,  by  Nelson  3,  by  Holden  i.  Double  plays — Byrd  to  Bonhag. 


Wild     pitches — B.     Adams,     Nelson.      Hit     by     pitched     ball — Drew,     Kelly. 
Passed    balls — Oler    2,    Davenport    2.      Umpire — Mr.    George    Wright. 

UNITED  STATES  TEAMS— EAST  VS.  WEST. 

The  exhibition  game  of  base  ball,  arranged  by  the  athletes  of  the  Ameri- 
can Olympic  team,  was  played  between  representatives  of  the  Eastern  and 
Western  portions  of  the  United  States,  who  called  themselves  for  the 
occasion  "Finlands"  (West)  and  "Olympics"  (East). 

FINLAND.  AB.  R.  H.  P.  A.  E.  OLYMPIC.  AB.  R.  H.  P.  A.  E. 

Irons,    2b.. 401041        Drew,    rf 3'    i      i      o     o     o 

Courtney,    ss 3     o     o      i      i      o        Kiviat,     ss 3      i     2      i     2     2 

Davenport,   If .  .  .  .   4     o     i      i     o     i        Brickley,    c 3     o     014     2     o 

Lindberg,     c 4     o     012     2     i        Mercer,    3b 4     i      i     o     i     o 

Haff,   ib 4     o     o     7     o     o        P.   Adams,   p 4     i     o     i     2     o 

Kelly,    3b 3     2     2     2     i      3        Jones,    2b 2     o     i     o     i     o 

Horine,  cf 41      1300        Bonhag,    ib 40080     i 

McClure,   rf.,  p..   4     o     2     o     i     o        Holden,    If 4     i     o     2     o     i 

Byrd,  p,  rf 3     o     o     i      i     o        B.   Adams,   cf ,  .  .  .   2     o     o     i     o     o 

Oler,   cf 2     i     i     o»    o     o 

Thorpe,    rf 2     o     i     o     o     o 

Totals    33     3     7  27  10     6  Totals    33     6     7  27     8     4 

Two-base  hits — Kelly;  Thorpe,  Kiviat.  Stolen  bases — Irons,  Haff, 
McClure  3,  Kelly  2;  Drew,  Kiviat,  P.  Adams,  Jones  2,  Oler  2.  Bases  on 
balls— Off  McClure  i,  off  Adams  2.  Struck  out — By  Byrd  6,  by  McClure 
4;  by  Adams  n.  Hit  batsman — Byrd  2.  Passed  balls — Lindberg  3.  Left 
on  bases — Finland  6,  Olympic  4.  Umpires — Messrs.  Bonine  and  Sweeney. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  201 


SOCCER  FOOT  BALL  COMPETITION 

At  the  Olympic  Games  held  at  Stockholm,  Sweden. 
June  29  to  July  6,  1912. 

BY  THOMAS  W.  CAHILL. 
England,  4;  Denmark,  2. 

WINNERS    OF    CONSOLATION    TOURNAMENT. 

Played   at  Rosunda,   Stockholm,   Sweden. 
Hungary,  3;  Austria,  o. 

PREVIOUS   OLYMPIAN    CHAMPIONS. 

At  Universal  Exposition,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  U.  S.  A..    1904. 
Gait  F.B.C.  of  Gait,  Canada,  4;  St.  Rose's  of  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
U.S.A.,  o. 

At  London,  England,   1908. 
England,  2;   Denmark,  o. 

Amateur  Association  foot  ball,  better  known  in  this  country 
by  the  name  of  Soccer,  by  its  inclusion  in  the  Fifth  Olympian 
games  held  at  Stockholm,  Sweden,  June  29  to  July  6,  1912,  was 
given  its  greatest  opportunity  to  demonstrate  to  the  athletically 
inclined  world  at  large  what  a  grand  and  clever  sport  it  is. 
Never,  since  the  inception  of  this  great  game,  were  the  conditions 
more  favorable  and  the  opportunity  greater  to  interest  the  nations 
of  the  world  in  its  present  and  future  possibilities  than  at  Stock- 
holm. 

The  competition  was  under  the  auspices  of  the  International 
Olympic  Committee  and  the  Federation  Internationale  de  Foot 
Ball  Association.  Twelve  nations  entered  teams  for  competition 
for  the  Olympic  honors,  namely :  Germany,  England,  Finland, 
Austria,  Holland,  Norway,  Italy,  Sweden,  Denmark,  Hungary, 
Russia  and  France,  all  of  which,  with  the  exception  of  France, 
took  part  in  the  games.  France  withdrew  after  the  drawings. 

The  competition  was  conducted  on  the  English  cup  tie  system, 
that  is,  elimination  by  rounds.  In  the  final  results,  Great  Bri- 
tain won  first  honors,  Denmark  second,  and  Holland  third. 

All  the  matches  were  witnessed  by  large  crowds,  and  on  several 
occasions  the  Crown  Prince,  at  the  opening  of  the  games,  ad- 
dressed and  congratulated  the  contestants,  while  at  the  final 


SPALI>IN<;'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  £03 

between  England  and  Denmark  every  seat  in  the'  Stadium  was 
occupied,  and  the  occasion  was  graced  by  the  presence  of  the 
King  of  Sweden,  the  Crown  Prince,  and  several  members  of  the 
royal  family,  who  took  the  liveliest  interest  in  the  game  through- 
out. During  the  intermission  between  the  two  halves  the  Crown 
Prince  went  on  the  field  and  shook  hands  with  the  members  of 
the  opposing  teams,  to  the  infinite  delight  of  the  spectators. 

One  of  the  most  noticeable  features  connected  with  the  foot 
ball  competition  at  Stockholm  was  the  wonderful  improvement 
shown  by  the  Continental  nations.  In  foot  ball,  as  in  every  other 
branch  of  sport  which  they  have  taken  up,  the  Continental  na- 
tions are  proving  apt  pupils,  and  it  behooves  England,  who 
won  the  Olympic  honors  both  at  London,  in  1908,  and  at  Stock- 
holm, this  year,  to  realize  that  she  will  need  all  her  forces  to 
beat  them  presently,  as  there  is  no  questioning  the  fact  that 
Denmark,  who  met  England  in  the  final,  playing  but  ten  men 
owing  to  an  injury  to  one  of  their  half-backs,  kept  the  British 
forwards  at  bay  for  the  whole  of  the  second  half,  and  nothing 
but  the  clever  defensive  tactics  adopted  .by  the  Englishmen  in 
this  last  period  of  the  game,  prevented  the  Danes  from  at  least 
making  a  tie  of  the  game,  as  they  played  the  Englishmen  to  a 
standstill  during  the  last  half. 

In  connection  with  the  wonderful  improvement  of  the  Con- 
tinental elevens,  it  must  be  noted  that  in  England's  line-up  were 
included  about  ten  players  who  are  accustomed  to  English  league 
class  of  foot  ball,  and  their  victory  was  not  surprising.  One  of 
their  players,  Harold  Walden,  who  plays  for  Bradford  City  in 
the  First  Division  of  the  English  Foot  Ball  League  (mixed  pro- 
fessional and  amateur  teams),  took  part  in  all  of  England's 
games  at  Stockholm  and  scored  ten  out  of  the  fifteen  goals 
credited  to  England.  This  was  a  great  feat  of  the  player  in 
question,  but  it  is  very  doubtful  whether  it  was  quite  within  the 
spirit  of  the  Olympic  ideal  of  true  sportsmanship  to  play  either 
Walden  or  other  players  who  are  week  in,  week  out  assisting 
England's  leading  professional  teams  to  win  their  matches.  . 

The  drawings  and  results  of  the  first  round  which  took  place 
on  Saturday,  June  29,  were  as  follows : 

Finland,  3;  Italy,  2.  Holland,  4;  Sweden,  3. 

Austria,  5;  Germany,  i.  Norway,  W.O. ;  France,  Scratched. 

Byes :  England,  Denmark,  Hungary  and  Russia. 

The  drawings  and  results  of  the  second  round  were  as  fol- 
lows : 

England,  7;  Hungary,  o.         Finland,  2;  Russia,  i. 
Denmark,  7;  Norway,  o.         Holland,  3;  Austria,  i. 


SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  205 

The  drawings  and  results  of  the  semi-finals  were  as  follows: 
England,  4;  Finland,  o.         Denmark,  4;  Holland,  i. 

FINAL  ROUND. 

England,  4;  Denmark,  2. 

The  final  between  England  and  Denmark  which  took  place 
on  the  evening  of  July  4,  in  the  Stadium,  before  an  assemblage 
of  over  20,000  persons,  resulted  in  a  victory  for  England  by  a 
score  of  four  goals  to  two.  The  King  of  Sweden  and  the  Crown 
Prince  and  several  other  members  of  the  royal  family  graced  the 
occasion.  At  the  finish  of  the  great  contest  the  King  presented 
the  winning  team  with  the  Olympic  trophies  and  congratulated 
them  on  their  victory. 

THE   GAME. 

On  a  playing  field  which  was  in  perfect  condition  and  with 
the  intense  heat  of  the  day  moderated  by  a  cool  evening  breeze, 
Referee  Groothoff,  of  Holland,  at  7:12  P.M.,  blew  his  whistle, 
and  the  greatest  amateur  soccer  contest  of  the  world,  and  for 
Olympic  honors  was  on.  As  the  kick-off  took  place  a  mighty 
cheer  arose  from  the  vast  multitude,  and  it  was  clearly  evident 
that  the  Danes  had  the  sympathy  of  the  spectators,  as  their  play- 
ing in  the  preliminary  rounds  had  been  clever  and  spectacular, 
and  they  had  made  many  friends. 

Denmark  was  the  first  to  attack  and  soon  forced  two  fruit- 
less corners.  Gradually  England  asserted  its  superiority  and  only 
the  great  display  of  Nils  Middleboe  at  full-back  prevented  them 
from  scoring.  Keeping  up  the  pressure  by  fine  combination  play 
the  English  forwards  bombarded  their  opponents'  goal  and  at 
length  Walden  opened  the  scoring  with  a  fine  shot — the  ball 
being  accurately  centered  by  Sharpe,  who  was  playing  a  fine 
game  at  outside  left  for  England. 

From  the  center  kick  the  ball  was  again  taken  into  the  Den- 
mark territory,  but  the  defense  held  put  in  fine  style  and  a  dash 
away  by  the  Danes'  right  wing  relieved  the  pressure  and  the 
English  goal-keeper  had  to  concede  a  corner  in  order  to  save 
his  goal. 

Woodward  and  Berry  transferred  play  by  pretty  passing  and 
Hansen  in  trying  to  clear  put  the  ball  across  his  own  goal.  Wal- 
den was  well  up  and  pouncing  on  the  ball  banged  it  into  the 
net  giving  the  goal-keeper  no  chance  whatever. 

Retaliating,  Olsen  got  away  and  sent  in  a  swift  left  footed  shot 
which  beat  Brebner,  that  player  only  being  able  to  touch  the 
ball  with  his  fingers  as  it  passed  into  the  net ;  nettled  by  this  re- 
verse England  went  off  with  a  dash,  the  whole  of  their  for- 


SPALDING'S   ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  207 

wards  combining  splendidly.  A  corner  followed  and  almost  im- 
mediately after  Buchwald,  the  Danish  half-back  was  seen  roll- 
ing on  the  field  in  agony.  It  was  obvious  that  the  accident  was 
serious  and  he  left  the  ground  with  an  injured  arm  and  took 
no  further  part  in  the  game. 

Middleboe  then  came  up  into  the  half-back  line  and  for  a 
time  strengthened  the  Danish  attack,  for  the  English  goal  was 
soon  in  danger.  Burn  cleared,  however,  and  the  ball  went  up 
the  field  again.  Middleboe  kicked  it  to  his  goal-keeper  who  in 
picking  up  stumbled  but  he  just  managed  to  evade  Sharpens  rush. 
At  last  the  Danish  defense  was  outmanoeuvred.  Berry  centered 
at  top  speed  and  Hoare  sent  the  ball  in  beautifully.  From  then 
till  the  end  of  the  first  half  England  had  matters  all  their  own 
way.  Berry  was  right  at  the  top  of  his  form  and  went  clean 
through  on  his  own  dribbling,  passing  the  defense  and  beating 
the  goal-keeper  easily.  Berry  was  off  again  in  a  moment  but 
shot  over  the  bar,  twice  after  some  wonderful  combination  play. 
Half  time  arrived  and  England  led  by  a  score  of  4  goals  to  I. 

Denmark  resumed  with  the  composition  of  their  team  altered 
and  the  men  changed  positions  frequently  during  the  playing  of 
the  second  period. 

Denmark  attacked  and  Brebner  ran  out  and  sent  the  ball  up 
the  field  where  the  English  right  wing  distinguished  itself.  The 
Danish  goal-keeper  was  tested  and  was  equal  to  the  situation. 
Time  and  again  the  English  forwards  swept  down  on  him,  but 
every  shot  was  cleverly  cleared.  Twice  he  saved  from  Wood- 
ward on  stinging  angular  drives.  Then  first  Berry  sent  over,  and 
afterward  Sharpe.  Suddenly  a  different  complexion  came  over 
the  game.  The  Danes  pierced  the  defense  and  got  within  shoot- 
ing distance.  Olsen  kicked  hard  and  the  ball  bounded  off  an 
opponent  past  Brebner,  a.  surprising:  but  well-deserved  goal  as 
the  spectators  showed  by  their  enthusiastic  applause. 

Four  goals  to  two  and  Denmark,  with  their  blood  up,  began 
to  play  rather  more  vigorously  and  forced  the  Englishmen  into 
their  own  territory,  keeping  them  on  the  defensive  for  the  greater 
part  of  the  last  period.  With  only  eight  minutes  to  go,  the  Eng- 
lish forwards  made  a  strenuous  effort  to  add  to  their  score, 
when  Berry  passed  to  Woodward,  who  sent  in  a  great  shot,  but 
Hansen  was  equal  to  it.  Three  more  times  he  got  to  the  ball 
when  a  goal  seemed  certain,  but  his  great  clearing  killed  what 
chances  the  Englishmen  had  of  scoring,  and  the  rally  was  ended, 
when  a  drive  from  Hoare  hit  the  left  post  and  the  ball  bounded 
out  of  play.  From  this  time  on  until  the  whistle  sounded  for 
the  finish  of  the  contest  the  play  was  all  in  England's  territory, 
but  as  clever  as  the  Danes  were,  they  could  not  add  to  their 
score  and  the  game  finally  ended  in  a  victory  for  England  by  a 


THE    CKOWN     PRINCE     ADDRESSING    THE    DANISH     SOCCER    FOOT 
BALL   TEAM. 

Olympic  Games,  1912,  Stockholm,  Sweden. 


THE  CROWN  PRINCE  ADDRESSING  THE   HUNGARIAN  SOCCER  FOOT 

BALL  TEAM. 
Olympic  Games,  1912,  Stockholm,  Sweden. 


SPALDING'S   ATHLETIC  LIBRARY.  209 

score  of  4  goals  to  2.  Notwithstanding  Denmark's  handicap 
in  the  loss  of  Buchwald  in  the  first  half,  she  showed  no  weak 
spot;  they  were  just  outmanoeuvred,  while  the  playing  of  Mid- 
dleboe,  Olsen  and  S.  Hansen  would  do  credit  to  any  team  in 
the  world.  Walden's  playing  for  England  was  exceptionally 
brilliant,  while  the  balance  of  the  team  played  in  that  form 
which  has  made  English  soccerites  famous  the  world  throughout. 
The  following  players  constituted  the  two  elevens. 

ENGLAND. 

R.  G.   Brebner  (Northern  Nomads),  goal. 

T.  C.  Burn  (London  Caledonians),  right  back. 

A.  E.  Knight   (Portsmouth),  left  back. 

D.  McWhirter  (Bromley),  right  half-back. 

H.  C.  Littlewort  (Glossop),  center  half-back. 

J.  Dines   (Ilford),  left  half-back. 

A.  Berry   (Oxford  City),  outside  right. 

V.    J.    Woodward     (Chelsea),    inside    Fight     (captain) 

H.  A.   Walden   (Bradford  City),  center  forward. 

G.  Hoare  (Glossop),  inside  left. 

I.  V.   G.   Sharpe    (Derby   County),  outside   left. 

DENMARK. 

Sophus   Hansen,   goal. 
Niels  Middleboe,   right  back    (captain). 
Horald  Hansen,  left  back. 
T.   Buchwald,  right  half-back. 
Jorgensen,  center  half-back. 
P.   Berth,   left  half-back. 
Oscar  Nielsen,  outside  right. 
A.  Thugveson,  inside  right. 
A.  Olsen,  center  forward. 
Sophus  Nielsen,  inside  left. 
W.  Wolfhagen,  outside  left. 
Referee :  Mr.  Groothoff  of  Holland. 


SrALDlNG'S     ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  211 


HOW  THE  POINTS  WERE  SCORED 


SWEDEN. 

Athletics. — First  in  throwing  the  javelin,  best  hand  (Lem- 
ming) ;  second  in  the  400  meters  relay  race ;  third  in  running 
broad  jump  (Aberg)  ;  second  in  3,000  meters  team  race  (Ohlsson) 
2,  Wide  4,  Fock  7 — 13  points)  ;  third  in  discus,  right  and  left 
(Magnusson)  ;  first,  second  and  third  in  hop,  step  and  jump 
(Lindblom,  Aberg  and  Almlof )  ;  in  cross  country,  second  and 
third  in  the  individual  competition  (Hj.  Anderson  and  Eke) 
and  first  in  the  team  competition ;  second  and  third  in  Decathlon 
(Wieslander  and  Lomberg)  ;  first  in  tug-of-war  (the  Stockholm 
police). 

Shooting. — Third  in  the  army  rifle  team  competition ;  second 
and  third  in  the  individual  duel  shooting  (Palen  and  von  Hoist)  ; 
second  in  pistol  team  competition,  50  meters ;  first  and  second 
in  the  individual  single  shooting  at  running  deer  (A.  Swahn 
and  Lundeberg)  ;  first,  second  and  third  in  individual  double 
shooting  at  running  deer  (Lundeberg,  Benedicks  and  O.  G. 
Swahn);  first  in  team  duel  shooting;  second  in  miniature  rifle 
team  competition,  50  meters ;  first  in  team  shooting  at  running 
deer;  first  in  team  competition  with  any  rifle,  300  meters;  first  in 
miniature  rifle  team  competition,  25  meters ;  and  first,  second  and 
third  in  the  individual  miniature  rifle  competition,  25  meters 
(W.  Carlberg,  von  Hoist  and  Ericsson). 

Swimming. — First,  second  and  third  in  plain  diving  (Adlerz, 
Hj.  Johansson  and  J.  Jansson)  ;  second  in  the  400  meters,  breast 
stroke  (T.  Henning)  ;  first  and  second  in  ladies'  plain  diving 
(Misses  Greta'  Johansson  and  Lisa  Regnell)  ;  second  in  water 
polo;  first  and  third  in  fancy  diving  (Adlerz  and  Blomgren). 

Tennis. — Covered  court:  Second  in  gentlemen's  doubles  (Set- 
terwall  and  Kempe)  ;  third  in  mixed  doubles  (Mrs.  Fick  and 
Mr.  Setterwall).  Open  court:  Second  in  mixed  doubles  (Mrs. 
Fick  and  Mr.  Setterwall). 

Riding. — In  military,  first  in  the  individual  competition  (Lieut. 
Nordlander)  and  first  in  the  team  competition  (Nordlander, 
Adlercreutz  and  Casparsson)  ;  first,  second  and  third  in 
prize  riding  (Count  Bonde,  Major  Boltenstern  and  Baron  von 
Blixen-Finecke)  ;  first  in  the  prize  jumping  team  competition 
(Lewenhaupt,  Kilman  and  von  Rosen). 

Yachting. — First  in  the  10  meters  class  ("Kitty")  ;  second  in 
the  12  meters  class  ("Erna-Signe")  ;  second  in  the  8  meters  class 
("Sans  Atout")  ;  third  in  the  6  meters  class  ("Kerstin"). 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  213 

In  other  events. — First  in  gymnastics,  Swedish  system ;  first 
in  the  team  competition  in  the  cycle  race  "round  the  Malar" ; 
first,  second  and  third  in  modern  Pentathlon  (Lilliehook,  Asbrink 
and  de  Laval)  ;  in  wrestling-,  first  in  middleweight  A  (CL 
Johansson)  ;  second  in  middleweight  B  (Ahlgren)  ;  second 
and  third  in  lightweight  (Malmstrom  and  Mathieson)  ;  in  row- 
ing, second  in  the  in-rigged  fours. 

UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 

Athletics. — First,  second  and  third  in  100  meters  (Craig, 
Meyer,  Lippincott)  ;  first  and  third  in  Pentathlon  (Thorpe  ana 
Donahue)  ;  second  and  third  in  standing  broad  jump  (Platt  Adams 
and  Ben  Adams)  ;  second  in  10,000  meters  (Tewanima)  ;  first  and 
third  in  running  high  jump  (Richards  and  Horine)  ;  first,  sec- 
ond and  third  in  800  meters  (Meredith,  Sheppard  and  Daven- 
port) ;  first,  second  and  third  in  putting  the  weight,  best  hand 
(McDonald,  Ralph  Rose,  Whitney)  ;  second  and  third  in  1,500 
meters  (Kiviat  and  Taber)  ;  first  and  second  in  putting  the 
weight,  right  and  left  (Rose,  McDonald)  ;  first  and  second  in 
200  meters  (Craig  and  Lippincott)  ;  first,  second  and  third  in 
pole  vault  (Babcock,  Wright  and  Nelson)  ;  second  and  third 
in  discus  throwing,  best  hand  (Byrd  and  Duncan) ;  first,  second 
and  third  in  hurdles  (Kelly,  Wendell  and  Hawkins)  ;  first  in 
running  broad  jump  (Gutterson)  ;  first  and  second  in  standing 
high  jump  (Platt  Adams  and  Ben  Adams)  ;  first  and  third  in 
400  meters  (Reidpath  and  Lindberg)  ;  first  in  team  race,  3,000 
meters  (Berna  I,  Taber  3,  Bonhag  5 — 9  points)  ;  first  and  third 
in  throwing  the  hammer  (McGrath  and  Childs)  ;  third  in  Mara- 
thon (Strobino)  ;  first  in  1,600  meters  relay  race  (Sheppard, 
Lindberg,  Meredith  and  Reidpath)  ;  first  in  Decathlon  (Thorpe). 

Swimming. — First  and  third  in  100  meters,  free  style  (Kahana- 
moku  and  Huszagh)  ;  first  in  100  meters,  back  stroke  (Hebner)  ; 
second  in  team  competition  800  meters. 

Shooting. — First  in  the  army  rifle  team  competition;  first  in 
individual  duel-shooting  (Lane)  ;  first  in  clay  bird  team  competi- 
tion;  second  in  individual  army  rifle  shooting,  300  meters  (Os- 
burn)  ;  first  and  second  in  individual  pistol  ^shooting  (Lane  and 
Dolfen)  ;  second  and  third  in  individual  army  rifle  shooting,  600 
meters  (Osburn  and  Jackson)  ;  first  in  pistol  team  competition; 
first  in  individual  clay  bird  (Graham)  ;  third  in  miniature  rifle 
team  competition,  50  meters ;  second  in  running  deer  team  com- 
petition ;  first  in  miniature  rifle  individual  competition,  50  meters 
(Hird)  ;  third  in  miniature  rifle  team  competition,  25  meters. 

Other  events. — In  the  cycle  race,  "round  the  Malar,"  third  in 
individual  competition  (Schutte)  and  third  in  team  competition. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  215 

GREAT   BRITAIN. 

Athletics. — First  in  400  meters  relay  race;  second  in  tug-of- 
war  (the  City  of  London  police)  ;  third  in  5,ooo  meters  (Hut- 
son)  ;  first  in  1,500  meters  (Jackson)  ;  second  in  the  10,000  meters 
walk  (Webb)  ;  third  in  200  meters  (Applegarth)  ;  third  in  the 
3,000  meters  team  race;  third  in  the  cross  country  team  competi- 
tion ;  third  in  the  1,600  meters  relav  race. 

Rowing. — First  and  third  in  the  eights  (Leander  and  New 
College)  ;  first  in  the  sculls  (Kinnear)  :  second  in  the  out-rigged 
fours  (Thames  Rowing  Club). 

Swimming. — Second  in  1,500  meters,  free  style  (Hatfield)  ; 
third  in  the  ladies',  100  meters  (Miss  Fletcher)  ;  third  in  400 
meters,  breast  stroke  (Courtman)  ;  third  in  ladies',  plain  diving 
(Belle  White)  ;  first  in  water  polo;  second  in  400  meters,  free 
style  (Hatfield)  ;  first  in  the  ladies'  400  meters  team  race  and 
third  in  the  800  meters  team  race. 

Shooting. — Second  in  the  army  rifle  team  competition ;  second 
in  the  clay  bird  team  shooting ;  in  pistol  shooting,  50  meters,  third 
in  the  individual  competition  (Stewart),  and  third  in  the  team 
competition ;  third  in  the  duel  shooting  team  competition ;  in 
miniature  rifle  shooting,  50  meters,  first  in  the  team  competition 
and  second  and  third  in  the  individual  competition  (Milne  and 
Burt)  ;  second  in  miniature  rifle  team  competition,  25  meters. 

Tennis. — Covered  courts :  Second  in  gentlemen's  singles 
(Dixon)  ;  third  in  gentlemen's  doubles  (Dixon  and  Beamish)  ; 
first  and  third  in  ladies'  singles  (Mrs.  Hannam  and  Mrs.  Par- 
ton)  ;  first  and  second  in  mixed  doubles  (Mrs.  Hannam  and 
Dixon  and  Miss  Aitchinson  and  Roper  Barrett). 

Other  events. — In  the  cycle  race,  "round  the  Malar,"  second 
in  the  individual  competition  (Grubb)  and  second  in  the  team 
competition;  third  in  the  gymnastic  competition  II;  second  in 
epee  fencing  team  competition;  first  in  foot  ball. 

FINLAND. 

Athletics. — Second  in  throwing  the  javelin,  best  hand  (Saar- 
isto)  ;  first  and  third  in  10,000  meters  (H.  Kolehmainen  and 
Stenroos)  ;  first,  second  and  third  in  the  javelin,  right  and  left 
(Saaristo,  Siikaniemi  and  Peltonen)  ;  first  in  5,000  meters  (H. 
Kolehmainen)  ;  third  in  the  weight,  right  and  left  (Niklander)  ; 
first  in  discus,  best  hand  (Taioale)  ;  first  and  second  in  discus, 
right  and  left  (Taipale  and  Niklander)  ;  in  the  cross  country, 
first  in  the  individual  competition  (H.  Kolehmainen)  and  second 
in  the  team  competition. 

Shooting. — Third  in  single  shooting  at  running  deer  (Toivo- 
nen)  ;  third  in  team  shooting  at  running  deer. 


216  SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 

Wrestling. — First  and  second  in  heavyweight  (Saarela,  Ohlin)  ; 
third  in  the  middleweight  A  (Asikainen)  ;  second  in  middle- 
weight B  (Doling)  ;  first  in  lightweight  (Ware)  ;  first  and 
third  in  featherweight  (Koskelo  and  Lasanen). 

Other  events. — Second  in  gymnastics,  competition  III ;  in 
yachting,  second  in  the  10  meters  class  ("Nina")  ;  third  in  the 
12  meters  class  ("Heatherbell"),  and  third  in  the  8  meters 
class  ("Lucky  Girl"). 

GERMANY. 

Athletics. — Second  in  running  high  jump  (Liesche)  ;  second  in 
400  meters  (Braun). 

Riding. — Second  in  military  team  competition  (von  Rochow, 
von  Liitcken  and  von  Schaesberg)  ;  second  in  military  individ- 
ual competition  (von  Rochow)  ;  second  in  individual  prize 
jumping  (von  Krocher)  ;  third  in  prize  jumping,  team  competi- 
tion (Deloch,  Freyer  and  von  Hohenau). 

Swimming. — First,  second  and  third  in  spring-board  diving 
(Gunther,  Luber  and  Behrens)  ;  first,  second  and  third  in  200 
meters,  breast  stroke  (Bathe,  Lutzow  and  Malisch)  ;  first  in  400 
meters,  breast  stroke  (Bathe)  ;  second  and  third  in  100  meters, 
back  stroke  (Fahr  and  Kellner)  ;  second  in  the  ladies'  400 
meters  team  competition;  second  in  fancy  diving  (Ziirner). 

Shooting. — In  the  clay  bird  shooting,  third  in  the  team  competi- 
tion and  second  in  the  individual  competition  (Goeldel). 

Tennis. — Open  courts:  Second  in  ladies'  singles  (Fraulein 
Koering)  ;  first  in  the  mixed  doubles  (Koering  and  Schom- 
burgk)  ;  third  in  the  gentlemen's  singles  (Kreuzer). 

Other  events. — Second  in  featherweight  wrestling  (Ger- 
stacher)  ;  first  in  the  rowing  in  out-rigged  fours  (Ludwig- 
shafen). 

FRANCE. 

Athletics. — Second  in  5,000  meters  (Bouin)  ;  second  in  the 
i, 600  meters  relay  race. 

Shooting. — First  in  the  600  meters  army  rifle  competition 
(Colas),  and  first  in  the  300  meters,  individual  shooting,  any 
rifle  (Colas). 

Tennis. — Covered  courts:  First  in  the  gentlemen's  singles 
(Gobert)  ;  first  in  the  gentlemen's  d  ubles  (Gobert  and  Germpt). 
Open  courts :  First  in  the  ladies'  singles  (Mile.  Broquedis)  ; 
third  in  the  mixed  doubles  (Broquedis  and  Canet)  and  third  in 
the  gentlemen's  doubles  (Canet  and  Meny). 

Riding. — Third  ^in  military,  individual  competition  (Captain 
Cariou)  ;  first  in  individual  prize  jumping  (Cariou),  and  second 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  217 

in    prize    jumping,    team    competition    (Cariou,    d'Astafort    and 
Meyer). 

Other  events. — Second  in  individual  gymnastic  competition 
(Segura)  ;  in  yachting,  first  in  the  6  meters  class  ("Mac  Miche"). 

DENMARK. 

Second  and  third  in  the  individual  shooting  competition,  any 
rifle,  300  meters  (Madsen  and  Larsen)  ;  third  in  team  competi- 
tion, any  rifle,  300  meters;  in  tennis  (covered  courts),  second 
in  the  ladies'  singles  (Froken  Castenschiold)  ;  third  in  the  heavy- 
weight wrestling  (Jensen)  ;  third  in  gymnastics,  competition  III, 
second  in  Swedish  gymnastics;  second  in  individual  epee  fencing 
(Ossier)  ;  first  in  rowing,  in.  the  in-rigged  fours;  in  yachting, 
second  in  the  6  meters  class  ("Nurdug  II") ;  second  in  foot  ball. 

NORWAY. 

Second  in  Pentathlon  (Bie)  ;  third  in  individual  army  rifle 
competition,  300  meters  (Skogen),  second  in  team  competition, 
any  rifle;  in  tennis  (open  courts),  third  in  the  ladies'  singles  (M. 
Bjurstedt)  ;  in  gymnastics:  third  in  Swedish  gymnastics,  first 
in  team  competition  III;  in  yachting,  first  in  the  12  meters  class 
("Magda  IX")4  and  in  the  8  meters  class  ("Taifun"). 

HUNGARY. 

Third  in  javelin  throwing,  best  hand  (Kovacs)  ;  first  in 
individual  army  rifle  competition,  300  meters  (Prokopp);  third  in 
wrestling,  middleweight  B  (Bela  Varga)  ;  second  in  gymnastics, 
team  competition  II ;  first  in  the  sabre  team  competition ;  first, 
second  and  third  in  individual  sabre  fencing  (Fuchs,  Bekessy 
and  Meszaros). 

SOUTH  AFRICA. 

First  and  second  in  the  Marathon  (McArthur  and  Gitsham)  ; 
first  in  the  cycle  race,  "round  the  Malar"  (Lewis)  ;  in  tennis 
(open  courts),  first  and  second  in  the  gentlemen's  singles  (Win- 
slow  and  Kitson),  and  first  in  the  gentlemen's  doubles  (Kit- 
son  and  Winslow). 

First  in  gymnastics,  team  competition  II,  first  and  third  in  in- 
dividual gymnastics  (Braglia  and  Tunesi)  ;  first  and  second 
in  the  individual  foil  contest  (Nadi  and  Speciale)  ;  third  in  the 
10,000  meters  walk  (Altimani). 

AUSTRALIA. 
In  swimming:  third  in  1,500  meters,  free  style. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


THE  PRIZES 

The  prizes  in  the  Olympic  Games  consist  of  Olympic  medals  and  diplo- 
mas. Each  prize  medal  is  accompanied  by  a  diploma.  In  team  events  a 
diploma  was  awarded  to  the  winning  team.  In  some  events  challenge  cups 
were  presented  to  the  winners,  in  whose  possession  they  may  remain  until 
further  notice.  The  list  of  cups,  with  their  donors,  is  as  follows  (*  denotes 
prize  is  new)  : 

ATHLETICS. 

Pentathlon — H.  M.  the  King  of  Sweden* — 1912,  James  Thorpe,  U.S.A. 
Decathlon — H.  M.  the  Emperor  of  Russia* — 1912,  James  Thorpe,  U.S.A. 
Marathon  race — H.  R.  H.  the  Crown  Prince  of  Greece — 1908,  J.  J.  Hayes, 

U.S.A.;   1912,  K.  K.  McArthur,  South  Africa. 
Throwing   the    discus,    best    hand — Mme.    G.    de    Montgomery — 1908,    M.    J. 

Sheridan,    U.S.A.;    1912,  Armas   Rudolf  Taipale,    Finland. 

WRESTLING. 

Heavyweight — The    British    Company    of   Gold    and    Silversmiths — 1908,    R. 
Weisz,  Hungary;    1912,  Urjo  Erik  Mikael   Saarela,   Finland. 

FOOT  BALL. 
The  British  Foot  Ball  Association — 1908,  Great  Britain;   1912,  Great  Britain. 

FENCING. 
Team   competition,    Epee — The    British   Fencers — 1908,    France;    1912,   Bel' 

gium. 
Team   competition,   sabre — The   City   of   Budapest* — 1912,   Hungary. 

GYMNASTICS. 

Individual    competition — The   City   of   Prague — 1908,    G.   A.    Braglia,   Italy; 
1912,    G.   A.    Braglia,   Italy. 

HORSE  RIDING  COMPETITION. 
"Military" — H.    M.    the    Emperor   of   Germany* — 1912,    Lieut.    A.    Nordlan- 

der,  Sweden. 
Prize     riding — H.     M.     the     Emperor    of    Austria* — 1912,     Count    Bonde, 

Sweden. 
Prize     jumping,     individual     competition — Count     Geza     Andrassy* — 1912, 

Captain  Cariou,   France. 
Prize     jumping,     team     competition — H.     M.     the     King     of     Italy* — 1912, 

Sweden. 
To  that  nation  whose  representatives  achieve  the  best  aggregate  in  all  the 

horse  riding  competitions — The   Swedish   Cavalry* — 1912,   Sweden. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  219 

MODERN  PENTATHLON. 
Baron  Pierre  de  Coubertin* — 1912,  Gustaf  Malcolm  Lilliehook,   Sweden. 

ROWING. 

Eights — Count    Brunetta    d'Usseaux — 1908,    Leander    Club,    Great    Britain; 
1912,   Leander  Club,   Great  Britain. 

SWIMMING. 
1500    meters — Count    Brunetta    d'Usseaux — 1908,    The    Amateur    Swimming 

Association  of  Great  Britain;    1912,   George   R.   Hodgson,   Canada. 
Ladies'   high    diving — Countess   de   Casa   Miranda* — 1912,    Greta   Johansson, 
Sweden. 

SHOOTING. 

Individual    clay    bird    competition — Lord    Westbury — 1908,    W.    H.    Ewing, 
Canada;   1912,  James  R.   Graham,  U.S.A. 

YACHTING. 

Six   meters'    class — France — 1908,    F.    D.    McMeekin,    Great   Britain;    1912, 
Mac  Miche   (G.  Thube  and  G.  Fitau),  France. 


220  SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


POINTS  SCORED 

By  the  different  nations  in  the  purely  athletic  events,  on  the  prin- 
ciple of  three  for  a  first,  two  for  a  second  and  one  for  a  third. 

First.  Second.  Third.  Total. 

United  States 16          12          13  85 

Finland    6  4  3  29 

Sweden    4  5  5  27 

Great  Britain  2  2  5  15 

Canada    I  2  7 

South  Africa   I  I  5 

Germany    —  2  4 

France    —  2  4 

Greece    i  i  4 

Norway   —  i  2 

Italy    —  I  i 

Hungary    —  I  i 


POINTS     SCORED    AT    THE    CONCLUSION  OF  THE 
ENTIRE  OLYMPIC  PROGRAMME. 

On  the  principle  of  three  for  a  first,  two  for  a  second  and  one 

for  a  third. 

From  the   Dagens  Nyheter,   Stadion  Edition,  July  23,  1912. 

Country.                                                           Firsts.  Seconds.  Thirds.  Points. 

Sweden    ... 23          24  16  133 

America 25          17  20  129 

Great   Britain    10          15  16  76 

Finland    9            8  9  52 

Germany    5          13  6  47 

France     7            4  3  32 

Denmark    I            6  4  19 

Hungary 3            2  3  16 

Norway  3            2  3  16 

South  Africa  4           2  16 

Italy   ... 3            i  2  13 

Australia , . , 2           2  3  13 

Canada    f , 3            2  13 

Belgium 2            I  3  n 

Russia    —           2  2  6 

Austria —           2  2  6 

Greece    I  I  4 

Holland  —         —  3  3 


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SPALDING'S     ATHLETIC     LIBRARY. 


ROBERT  MEANS  THOMPSON 


Robert  Means  Thompson  was  born  in  Corsica,  Pa.,  March  2, 
1849.  He  is  the  son  of  Judge  John  J.  Y.  Thompson,  for  many 
years  Judge  of  the  Jefferson  County  (Pa.)  Court. 

Colonel  Thompson  graduated  from  the  Naval  Academy  in  1868, 
resigned  from  the  service  in  1871,  and  studied  law  at  the  Dane 
Law  School,  Harvard,  graduating  in  1874.  He  married  Sarah, 
daugher  of  Governor  William  C.  Gibbs  of  Rhode  Island,  and  his 
one  daughter  is  now  the  wife  of  S.  H.  P.  Pell  of  New  York. 

For  many  years  Colonel  Thompson  was  President  and  owner 
of  the  Orford  Copper  Company,  which  a  few  years  ago  was 
amalgamated  with  the  Canadian  Copper  Company  and  formed 
into  the  International  Nickel  Company,  of  which  corporation  he 
is  chairman. 

Colonel  Thompson  is  President  of  the  United  States  Naval 
Academy  Alumni  Association  and  a  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion 
of  New  York. 

He  was  elected  President  of  the  New  York  Athletic  Club  in 
1912  and  was  also  President  of  the  American  Committee  of  the 
Olympic  Games,  held  at  Stockholm,  Sweden,  in  1912.  It  was 
largely  owing  to  Colonel  Thompson's  efforts  that  the  American 
representation  was  so  large. 

Colonel  Thompson's  summer  residence  is  at  Southampton,  L.  I., 
and  in  winter  at  Washington,  D.  C.  He  has  always  been  inter- 
ested in  outdoor  sports  and  is  prominent  in  yachting  circles. 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  227 


NEW  YORK  RECEPTION 


As  soon  as  the  news  was  cabled  that  the  American  Olympic 
athletes  had  again  scored  a  victory  over  all  the  world  in  track 
and  field  athletics,  in  the  Fifth  Olympiad  at  Stockholm,  Sweden, 
athletic  enthusiasts  who  have  made  athletics  popular  in  America 
realized  that  the  team  should  receive  a  reception. 

The  leading  man  in  this  movement  was  Mr.  Frederick  W. 
Rubien,  the  vice-president  of  the  Metropolitan  Association,  a 
man  who  has  worked  hard  for  the  welfare  of  athletics  in  this 
country. 

Mr.  Rubien  in  his  capacity  as  vice-president  of  the  Metropoli- 
tan Association,  called  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 
at  the  Astor  House,  Broadway  and  Vesey  St.,  New  York  City, 
on  Monday  evening,  July  22nd,  for  the  purpose  of  discussing 
plans  for  a  fitting  reception  to  the  victorious  American  Olympic 
Team  upon  its  return  from  Stockholm,  Sweden. 

It  was  decided  at  this  meeting  that  a  monster  celebration 
should  be  arranged  by  the  citizens  of  New  York,  and  that  a  com- 
mittee be  appointed  to  call  on  His  Honor,  Mayor  William  J. 
Gaynor,  and  ask  for  his  co-operation.  The  following  committee 
was  appointed  and  called  on  Mayor  Gaynor  on  Friday,  July 
26th: 

F.  W.  Rubien  T.  L.  Matsukes 

P.  J.  Conway  Capt.  P.  J.  Walsh 

Dr.  John  M.  Breen  Com.  Alexander  Ferris 

Dr.  E.  W.  Stitt  John  J.  Walsh 

William  J.  Lee  Com.  Jeremiah  T.  Mahoney 

John  J.  Diegnan  Major  D.  J.  Murphy 

W.  L.  Jones  H.   S.  Quinn 

H.  Obertubbesing  Jacob  W.  Stumpf 

John  P.  Boyle  Robert  Adamson 

S.  Lindenfelser  Joseph  D.  Kavanagh 

William  A.  Johnston  J.  M.  Connolly 

Andrew  F.  Tully  Robert  C.  Kamraerer 

The  Mayor  received  the  above  named  members  of  the  com- 
mittee very  cordially,  and  was  heartily  in  favor  of  the  move- 
ment started  by  the  Metropolitan  Association,  and  agreed  to  do 
all  in  his  power  to  make  the  celebration  a  success,  and  also 
promised  to  appoint  a  Citizens'  Reception  Committee. 

A  cable  was  then  sent  to  the  American  Commissioner  abroad 
asking  for  the  naming  of  a  date  when  the  team  would  return  to 
America.  As  soon  as  word  was  received  that  all  members  of 


SPALDING'S     ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


229 


the  team  would  be  in  New  York  City  not  later  than  August  21  st, 
a  meeting  of  the  committee  appointed  on  July  22nd,  which  was 
to  be  known  as  the  Plan  and  Scope  Committee,  was  called  at  the 
New  York  Athletic  Club  on  Monday  evening,  July  2Qth,  and 
preparation  started  for  the  reception  to  the  victorious  team. 

In  order  to  suitably  commemorate  the  glorious  victory  of  the 
American  Olympic  team,  it  was  decided  that  a  parade  should  take 
place,  composed  of  United  States  troops,  State  militia  and  civic 
organizations,  and  that  a  banquet  also  be  tendered  to  the  team. 
Through  the  courtesy  of  Messrs.  Werba  and  Leuscher  of  the 
Globe  Theatre,  a  theatre  party  was  added  to  the  programme. 

In  accordance  with  his  promise  of  July  26th,  His  Honor  the 
Mayor,  on  August  7th,  appointed  a  committee  of  165  with  Dr. 
George  F.  Kunz,  chairman,  Hon.  Victor  J.  Bowling  and  Dn. 
John  H.  Finley,  vice-chairmen ;  Frederick  W.  Rubien,  secretary, 
and  Victor  F.  Ridder,  treasurer. 

In  accordance  with  a  resolution  adopted  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Plan  and  Scope  Committee  on  July  2Qth,  the  following  sub- 
committees were  appointed : 


MILITARY   COMMITTEE. 

Maj.   Gen.   John   F.    O'Ryan, 

Chairman. 

Music  COMMITTEE. 
W.   L.  Jones,  Chairman. 

AUTOMOBILE  COMMITTEE. 
Patrick  J.    Conway,   Chairman. 

PRINTING   COMMITTEE. 
Hugh   S.   Quinn,   Chairman. 

POLICE  COMM.ITTEE. 
John   J.    Walsh,    Chairman. 

Civic  COMMITTEE. 
Maj.    Daniel   J.    Murphy,    Chairman. 


DINNER  COMMITTEE. 
Jeremiah   T.    Mahoney,    Chairman. 

GUARD  OF  HONOR   COMMITTEE. 
Dr.    Edward    W.    Stitt,    Chairman. 

THEATRE  COMMITTEE. 
Dr.  John  M.   Breen,   Chairman. 

DECORATION  COMMITTEE. 
H.   Obertubbesing,   Chairman. 

BADGE  COMMITTEE. 
George   P.   Matthews,   Chairman. 

HOSPITALITY  COMMITTEE. 
Robert  C.   Kammerer,  Chairman. 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Plan  and  Scope  Committee  on  Wednesday, 
August  7th,  at  Room  611,  Pulitzer  Building,  New  York  City,  the 
headquarters  of  the  committee,  it  was  regularly  adopted  that 
the  invitation  of  Messrs.  Werba  and  Leuscher  of  the  Globe 
Theatre  for  the  team  to  attend  a  performance  of  the  Rose 
Maid  as  the  guests  of  the  management  be  accepted  for  the  even- 
ing of  Friday,  August  23rd,  and  that  on  Saturday,  August  24th, 
the  monster  parade  take  place  at  ten  o'clock  in  the  morning  and 
on  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  at  Terrace  Garden,  New  York 
City,  a  banquet  would  be  tendered  to  the  team. 


230  SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 

Through  the  efforts  of  Hon.  Henry  L.  Stimson,  Secretary  of 
War,  and  General  Tasker  H.  Bliss,  a  battalion  of  Coast  Ar- 
tillery was  ordered  out  from  Governor's  Island  and  took  part 
in  the  parade. 

As  it  was  impossible  to  secure  any  city  money  to  defray  the 
expenses  of  this  reception  the  money  had  to  be  collected  by 
public  subscription.  A  letter  was  sent  out  to  over  five  thousand 
prominent  men  in  New  York  City  and  its  vicinity,  asking  them 
to  contribute  to  the  fund  for  defraying  the  expenses  of  this 
celebration,  and  over  $2,000  was  received. 

The  celebration  started  on  Friday  evening,  August  23rd,  with 
a  theatre  party  at  the  Globe  Theatre  and  about  100  members 
of  the  team  were  present. 

On  Saturday  morning  at  nine  o'clock  the  members  of  the 
team  assembled  at  Fifty-ninth  Street  and  Park  Avenue,  and 
were  assigned  to  automobiles  for  the  parade  which  started  from 
Fortieth  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue,  at  10  A.  M. 

The  division  which  represented  America  at  the  Olympic  games 
were  grouped  in  automobiles  as  follows : 

First — Matthew  P.  Halpin,  New  York  A.C.,  manager;  Paul 
Pilgrim,  New  York  A.C.,  assistant  manager. 

Second — Platt  Adams  and  Ben  Adams,  New  York  A.C., 
jumpers. 

Third— Ralph  Craig,  Detroit  Y.M.C.A.,  sprinter;  David  S. 
Caldwell,  Massachusetts  Agricultural  College,  middle  distance 
runner. 

Fourth — John  Becht,  Newark,  bicycle  rider. 

Fifth — Tel  S.  Berna,  Cornell  University,  distance  runner; 
George  V.  Bonhag,  Irish-American  A.C.,  distance  runner.  . 

Sixth — Harry  S.  Babcock,  New  York  A.C.,  pole  vaulter;  Clar- 
ence C.  Childs,  New  York  A.C.,  hammer  thrower. 

Seventh — J.  W.  Burdick,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  high 
jumper;  Frank  Coyle,  Chicago  University,  pole  vaulter;  Louis 
Tewanima,  Carlisle  Indian  School,  distance  runner. 

Eighth — Gordon  Dukes,  New  York  A.C.,  pole  vaulter;  James 
J.  Donohue,  Los  Angeles  A.C.,  all  around  athlete. 

Ninth — Egon  Erickson,  Mott  Haven  A.C.,  high  jumper;  Joseph 
B.  Forshaw,  Missouri  A.C.,  marathon  runner. 

Tenth — Harry  J.  Grumpelt,  New  York  A.C.,  high  jumper; 
Simon  P.  Gillis,  New  York  A.C...  hammer  thrower. 

Eleventh — Harry  "Hellawell,  New  York  A.C.,  distance  runner ; 
Harry  Hebner,  Illinois  A.C.,  swimmer. 


SPALDING'S     ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  28l 

Twelfth — Dr.  Graeme  M.  Hammond,  New  York  A.C.,  fencer; 
George  H.  Breed,  Fencers'  Club,  fencer;  W.  L.  Bowman,  New 
York  A.C.,  fencer;  Lieut.  Rayner,  U.S.A.,  fencer. 

Thirteenth — Abel  R.  Kiviat,  Irish-American  A.C.,  middle  dis- 
tance runner;  William  J.  Kramer,  Long  Island  A.C.,  distance 
runner. 

Fourteenth — Duke  Kahanamoku,  Hawaii,  swimmer;  Wallace 
McCurdy,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  distance  runner. 

Fifteenth — Fred  Kaiser,  New  York  A.C.,  walker;  Joseph  Kop- 
sky,  Morningside  A.C.,  bicycle  rider. 

Sixteenth — Pat  McDonald,  Irish-American  A.C.,  weight 
thrower;  Matt  McGrath,  Irish-American  A.C.,  hammer  thrower. 

Seventeenth — Donald  F.  Lippincott,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
sprinter;  Nicholas  Nerich,  New  York  A.C.,  swimmer. 

Eighteenth — Mike  Ryan,  Irish-American  rv.C,  marathon  run- 
ner; J.  J.  Reynolds,  Irish-American  A.C.,  marathon  runner; 
James  H.  Reilly,  New  York  A.C.,  swimmer. 

Nineteenth — Ted  Meredith,  Mercersburg  Academy,  middle 
distance  runner;  Alvah  T.  Meyer,  Irish-American  A.C.,  sprinter. 

Twentieth— Charles  D.  Reidpath,  New  York  A.C.,  middle  dis- 
tance runner;  Wesley  M.  Oler,  Jr.,  New  York  A.C.,  high  jumper. 

Twenty-first — Arthur  McAleenan,  New  York  A.C.,  swimmer; 
Edward  Fitzgerald,  New  York  A.C.,  distance  runner. 

Twenty-second — James  Thorpe,  Carlisle  Indian  School,  all 
around  athlete. 

Twenty-third — Norman  S.  Taber,  Brown  University,  middle 
distance  runner;  Rupert  B.  Thomas,  Princeton  University, 
sprinter. 

Twenty-fourth — Edward  M.  Pritchard,  Irish-American  A.C., 
hurdler;  Jesse  Pike,  Century  Road  Club,  cyclist. 

Twenty-fifth — Gaston  Strobino,  South  Pater  son  A.C.,  marathon 
runner;  Sam  Schwartz,  Walkers'  Club,  pedestrian. 

Twenty-sixth — Harry  Smith,  New  York,  marathon  runner; 
Edward  Renz,  Mohawk  A.C,  walker. 

Twenty-seventh — Jerome  Steinert,  Hicksville,  L.  I.,  cyclist; 
Lieut.  Sprout,  U.S.A.,  marksman. 

Twenty-eighth — Melvin  W.  Sheppard,  Irish-American  A.C., 
middle  distance  runner;  Jack  Eller,  Irish-American  A.C.,  hurd- 
ler; Ben.  Sherman,  New  York  A.C.,  hammer  thrower. 

Twenty-ninth—James   T.  Wendell,   New  York  A.C.,  hurdler; 


232  SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 

Clement   P.  Wilson,  Coe  College,  sprinter ;  A.   P.   Lane,  marks- 
man. 

Thirtieth — Garnett  Wikoff,  Ohio  University,  distance  runner; 
Al.  Voellmeke,  Pastime  A.C.,  walker. 

The  parade  was  considered  equal  to  that  of  the  one  in  1908, 
and  was  reviewed  at  City  Hall  by  His  Honor,  Mayor  William 
J.  Gaynor,  Hon.  Magnus  Clarkson,  Swedish  Consul,  Commis- 
sioner to  the  Olympic  Games  James  E.  Sullivan,  Grand  Marshal 
of  Parade  Gen.  Geo.  R.  Dyer,  Hon.  Victor  J.  Dowling,  Dr. 
George  F.  Kunz,  Col.  Robert  M.  Thompson,  Gustavus  T.  Kirby, 
Evert  Jansen  Wendell,  Hugh  H.  Baxter,  General  George  W. 
Wingate,  Frederick  W.  Rubien,  Jacob  W.  Stumpf,  Jeremiah  T. 
Mahoney,  Patrick  J.  Conway,  Terence  Farley  and  A.  G.  Sivori. 

The  feature  of  this  reception,  which  was  accorded  as  one  of 
the  best,  was  the  guard  of  honor  of  about  12,000  boys  and  girls 
from   the   playgrounds   under    Supervisor   William   J.    Lee,    and 
public  schools,  under  direction  of  Dr.  Edward  W.  Stitt.     These 
children  were   massed   along  the   curb   from   Fortieth   Street  to 
City  Hall  and  were  drilled  in  the  official  Olympic  cheer : 
'Rah,  'Rah,  'Ray; 
U.  S.  A.  ; 
A-M-E-R-I-C-A,  ; 
,  Olympic,  Olympic,  Olympic. 

Another  important  feature  of  the  parade  was  a  delegation 
of  about  200  boys  from  the  different  gymnasiums  and  play- 
grounds of  the  Public  Recreation  Commission,  under  the 
leadership  of  Bascom  Johnson,  secretary.  These  boys  carried 
a  banner  which  read :  "The  future  Olympic  Champions  pay 
tribute  to  the  present  Olympic  Champions." 

On  account  of  the  friendly  feeling  which  existed  between  the 
representatives  of  the  United  States  and  Sweden  at  the  Olympic 
Games  the  committee  decided  that  the  Swedes  in  America  should 
have  a  prominent  part  in  the  reception  and  it  was  arranged  that 
a  guard  of  honor,  composed  of  members  of  the  United  Swedish 
Societies,  should  have  the  position  next  to  the  team  in  the  line  of 
march.  Through  t«he  efforts  of  Dr.  Hoving  this  guard  of  honor 
was  formed  and,  dressed  in  native  costumes,  formed  one  of  the 
best  features  of  the  parade. 

A  gathering  of  about  five  hundred  attended  the  dinner  at 
Terrace  Garden  on  the  evening  of  the  24th  of  August,  com- 
posed of  members  of  the  team,  Swedish  societies  and  old-time 
athletes. 

Mr.  Jeremiah  T.  Mahoney.  chairman  of  the  D'nner  Com- 
mittee, before  introducing  the  toastmaster,  Hon.  Victor  J.  Dow- 
ling,  and  the  other  speakers  read  the  following  communications : 


SPALDING'S     ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  233 

THE  WHITE  HOUSE. 

MR.  F.  W.  RUBIEN,  August  3,  1912. 

Chairman  Plan  and  Scope  Committee, 

611  Pulitzer  Building,  New  York  City. 

The  President  regrets  his  inability  to  accept  the  cordial  invi- 
tation extended  to  him  to  attend  the  welcoming  reception  to 
the  victorious  American  Olympic  Team  on  August  24th,  but  in 
this  way  desires  to  convey  to  all  those  who  are  to  participate 
in  it  his  good  wishes  for  a  happy  and  successful  occasion. 

CARMI  A.  THOMPSON, 
Secretary  to   the  President. 

MY  DEAR  MR.  RUBIEN:  Au§-  2I>  I912- 

I  thank  you  very  much  for  your  telegram,  but  it  is  with  great 
regret  that  I  must  send  word  that  it  is  a  physical  impossibility 
for  me  to  be  present  at  the  official  celebration  by  the  citizens 
of  New  York  City  to  the  returning  victorious  American  Olympic 
Team  on  Saturday  next.  May  I,  through  you,  tender  my  hearti- 
est wishes  to  the  victors?  I  only  wish  I  could  see  them  out 
here  at  Oyster  Bay  and  shake  hands  with  them,  but  I  suppose 
they  could  hardly  come.  Like  every  other  American,  I  take  the 
most  genuine  pride  in  their  feats. 

Very  sincerely  yours, 

Mr.  F.  W.  Rubien,  (Signed)     THEODORE  ROOSEVELT. 

Secretary  Citizens'   Reception  Committee, 
New  York  City. 

THE  WHITE  HOUSE. 
DEAR  SIR:  August  16,   1912. 

The  President  directs  me  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
letter  of  August  I5th,  and  to  thank  you  very  cordially  for  the 
compliment  implied  in  the  invitation  which  you  extend  to  him, 
and  which,  owing  to  the  press  of  official  business,  he  has  regret- 
fully to  decline. 

With  renewed  assurances  of  the  appreciation  of  your  courtesy, 

1  am'  Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     CARMI  THOMPSON 

Mr.  Jeremiah  T.  Mahoney,  Secretary  to  the  President. 

Room  611,  63   Park  Row, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 


284  SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 

August  2ist,   1912. 
MY  DEAR  SIR: 

1  beg  to  express  my  sincere  thanks  for  the  kind  invitation 
tendered  me  to  be  present  at  the  parade  and  banquet  in  honor 
of  the  American  Olympic  Team. 

To  my  deep  regret  I  am  not,  however,  in  a  position  to  accept 
this  invitation  as  much  as  I  would  like  to  accept  it,  due  to> 
previous  engagements  for  that  day. 

Assuring  you  that  I  am  highly  enthusiastic  over  the  splendid 
work  the  American  Team  did  in  Stockholm  this  summer,  and 
that  it  should  have  given  me  pleasure  to  have  been  able  to  be 
present  in  New  York  next  Saturday,  I  am, 

Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     W.  A.  EKENGREN, 

Minister  of  Sweden. 
Mr.  Frederick  W.  Rubien,    • 
Room  611,   Pulitzer    Building, 
New  York  City. 


August    i;th,    1912. 
MY  DEAR  MR.  MAHONEY  : 

I  am  very  much  obliged  to  you  for  the  interesting  invitation 
conveyed  by  your  letter  of  August  fifteenth,  but  regret  to  find 
that  it  is  literally  impossible  for  me  to  be  present  at  the  dinner 
to  be  tendered  the  American  athletes  on  their  return  to  this 
country.  It  would  give  me  great  pleasure  to  join  in  rendering 
them  this  honor,  but,  unhappily,  I  am  so  bound  by  engagement 
that  it  is  literally  impossible. 

Cordially  and  sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)     WOODROW  WILSON. 
Mr.  Jeremiah  T.  Mahoney, 
New  York  City. 

The  toastmaster  was  Hon.  Victor  J.  Dowling,  and  the  speakers 
of  the  evening,  Hon.  James  E.  Sullivan,  American  Commissioner 
to  the  Olympic  Games  at  Stockholm,  Sweden ;  Col.  Robert  M. 
Thompson,  president  American  Olympic  Committee ;  Gustavus 
T.  Kirby,  president  of  the  Amateur  Athletic  Union;  Evert  Jan- 
sen  Wendell,  member  of  the  International  Olympic  Committee 
and  member  of  the  American  Olympic  Committee ;  Dr.  George 
R  Kunz,  chairman  Citizens'  Reception  Committee,  and  Hon, 
Magnus  Clarkson,  Swedish  Consul, 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  £35 

THE  INTERNATIONAL  OLYMPIC 
COMMITTEE 


PRESIDENT. 

BARON  PIERRE  DE  COUBERTIN. 

MEMBERS. 

Australia— R.  Coombes.  Austria — Prince  Otto  von  Windisch-Gratz. 
Count  Rud.  von  Colloredo-Mannsfeld.  Bohemia — Dr.  Jiri  Guth.  Belgium — 
Count  Henry  de  Baillet-Latour.  Bulgaria — E.-N.  Tzokow.  Canada — Brig. 
General  Sir  Hanbury  Williams.  Chili — Professor  O.  N.  Garcia.  Denmark 
— Captain  Torben  Grut.  Egypt — Angejo  C.  Bolanachi.  England — Lord 
Desborough  of  Taplow;  Rev.  R.  S.  de  Courcy  Laffan;  Th.  A.  Cook. 
France — A.  Ballif;  Count  Alb.  de  Bertier  de  Sauvigny;  E.  Callot.  Ger- 
many— Count  A.  F.  Sierstorpff;  Count  C.  von  Wartensleben;  Baron  von 
Venningen.  Greece — Count  Alex.  Mercati.  Holland — Baron  F.  W.  de 
Tuyll  de  Serooskerken.  Hungary — Count  Geza  Andrassy;  Jules  de  Muzsa. 
Italy — Count  Eugene  Brunetta  d'Usseaux;  Attilio  Brunialti.  Japan — Dr. 
Jigoro  Kano.  Luxemburg — Maurice  Pescatore.  Mexico- — Miguel  de  Beis- 
tegui.  Monaco — Count  Albert  Gautier-Vignal.  Norway — Captain  Johan 
Sverre.  Peru — Carlos  F.  de  Candamo.  Portugal — Dr.  D.  A.  de  Lancastre. 
Roumania— Georges  A.  Plagfno.  Russia— Count  de  Ribeaupierre;  Prince 
L6on  Oroussoff.  Finland — Baron  R:  F.  von  Willebrand.  Spain — Marquis 
de  Villarnejor.  Sweden — Colonel  V.  G.  Balck;  Count  Clarence  von  Rosen. 
Switzerland — Baron  Godefroy  ,  de  Blonay.  Turkey — Selim  Sirri  Bey. 
United  States  of  America — Professor  W.  M.  Sloane;  Allison  V.  Armour; 
Evert  J.  Wendell. 

MATRON. 

H.  M:  THE  KING  OF-  SWEDEN. 

SWEDISH  OLYMPIC  COMMITTEE. 

Honorary  .President— H.  R.  Hv  THE  CROWN  PRINCE  of  Sweden.  Presi- 
dent— Colonel' V.  G.  Balck.  Vice-President — J.  S.  Edstrom.  '  Members— 
B.  F.  Burman,.  Captain  E. '  FrestadiuS,  F.  af  Sandebe-rg,' N.  Thisell.  Deputy 
Members— -Ds.  A.  Levin,  Lieutenant  G.  G:son  Uggla.  Adjoint  Members — 
Colonel  Baron  S.  D.  A.  Hermelin,  Captain  O.  Holtermann,  Chamberlain  to 
H.  M.  The  King;  S.  N.  Linner,  Under-Secretary  of  State;  F.  Lowenadler, 
Chamberlain;  W.  Murray,  Under-Secretary  of  State;-  Count  Clarence  von 
Rosen,  Harald  Sohlman.  Secretary — Kristian  Hellstrom. 

ADVERTISING  COMMITTEE. 

President— C.  L.  Kornerup.  Secretary — Kristian  Hellstrom.  Editor  of 
the  Brochure — Gustaf  Asbrink,  B. A.  Members— E.  Molin,  C.  Hellberg. 

.     .   HOUSING  COMMITTEE. 

President — Captain  Otto  Bergstrom.  Secretary — C.  Fries,  B.A.  Mem- 
bers— W.  Ekstrom,  Kristian  Hellstrom,  Colonel  Baron  S.  D.  A.  Hermelin, 
N.  Thisell,  O.  W.  Wahlquist. 

RECEPTION  COMMITTEE. 

President — Captain  E.  Frestadius.  Secretary- — Nils  Lundgren.  Members 
— B.  F.  Burman,  Gunnar  Frestadius,  Colonel  Baron  S.  D.  A.  Hermelin, 
Captain  C.  Silfverstolpe.  .  .  _  


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  237 


HOW  THE  TEAM  TRAINED  ON  THE 
FINLAND 

BY  MANAGER  M.  P.  HALPIN. 

Entries  for  the  track  and  field  events,  which  made  up  the 
major  and  most  important  portion  of  the  Olympic  programme, 
closed  in  Sweden  on  June  14,  1912,  and  the  entry  blanks,  properly 
filled  out,  were  required  to  be  in  Stockholm  on  that  date.  As 
the  team  was  not  selected  until  June  10,  it  necessitated  that  the 
entry  blanks  of  every  athlete  who  it  was  thought  had  a  possible 
chance  of  making  the  team  be  secured  and  forwarded  to 
Sweden,  subject  to  cancellation.  After  the  team  was  selected, 
on  June  10,  the  names  of  those  definitely  selected  were  imme- 
diately cabled  to  the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee  and  the  bal- 
ance cancelled. 

The  collecting  of  these  entry  blanks  with  the  signatures  of  the 
hundreds  of  athletes  throughout  the  United  States  was  obviously 
a  considerable  task  and  was  accomplished  only  with  great  diffi- 
culty. To  show  how  well  the  work  was  done,  after  the  try-outs 
in  the  different  sections  of  the  country,  it  was  found  there 
were  only  three  men  overlooked  in  the  whole  United  States,  and 
in  these  cases  it  was  the  fault  of  their  club  or  association.  How- 
ever, through  the  kindness  of  the  Swedish  Olympic  Committee, 
these  three  entries  were  accepted  by  cable. 

The  American  team  was  formally  organized  at  the  New  York 
Athletic  Club  on  Thursday  evening,  June  13.  Out  of  the  selec- 
tions— one  hundred  and  eight  men  on  the  track  and  field  team, 
nine  swimmers,  nine  bicycle  men  and  one  wrestler — there  were 
only  a  few  absentees  and  these,  men  had  not  yet  arrived  in  New 
York  or  else  presented  reasonable  excuses.  Addresses  were 
made  by  Colonel  Robert  M.  Thompson,  President  of  the  Amer- 
ican Olympic  Committee,  and  Mr.  Bartow  S.  Weeks,  a  member 
of  the  American  Committee  and  also  Chairman  of  the  Trans- 
portation Committee. 

The  team  sailed  for  Stockholm  on  the  S.  S.  Finland  from 
New  York  promptly  at  9  o'clock,  as  scheduled,  on  Friday  morn- 
ing, June  14,  and  officials  in  the  steamship  and  customs  service 
say  that  the  farewell  given  to  the  American  team  was  the 
greatest  ever  given  to  any  team  or  party  leaving  America. 
The  National  colors  predominated  and  it  was  a  sight  long  to 
be  remembered. 


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SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBKARY.  239 

As  a  more  detailed  account  of  the  voyage  is  given  elsewhere, 
a  short  resume  of  the  programme  only  is  appended. 

The  trip  from  New  York  to  Antwerp  was  an  unusually  good 
one,  the  sea  being  very  quiet,  except  one  day,  which  gave  the 
men  ample  opportunity  to  keep  in  good  condition.  There  was 
only  two  or  three  cases  of  sea  sickness  and  they  only  lasted 
for  a  couple  of  days.  The  officers  of  the  Finland  did  every- 
thing possible  to  aid  in  making  the  athletes  comfortable  and 
were  always  most  anxious  to  do  anything  that  would  enable 
the  athletes  to  practice  their  specialties.  They  built  uprights  for 
the  high  jumpers  and  had  other  apparatus  installed  to  help 
condition  the  men.  The  management  is  also  indebted  to  the 
athletic  clubs  of  New  York,  who  furnished  wrestling  mats, 
which  were  used  not  only  for  the  one  wrestler  on  the  team  but 
also  by  the  runners,  who  did  considerable  jogging  on  same. 

The  sprinters  worked  out  in  the  morning,  starting  at  10:30; 
the  jumpers  at  11:00;  the  quarter  and  half-milers  at  3:00;  the 
milers  and  distance  men  at  3 :3O,  and  the  marathon  men  and 
walkers  at  4 :6o  o'clock.  The  weight  men  worked  on  the  forward 
deck  both  morning  and  afternoon. 

On  the  arrival  of  the  steamer  at  Antwerp,  about  ten  o'clock 
on  the  morning  of  June  24,  the  writer  instantly  made  prepara- 
tions to  locate  suitable  grounds  on  which  the  men  could  train, 
and  through  the  courtesy  of  President  Paul  Havenith,  of  the 
Beershot  A.  C.,  was  very  successful.  While  the  arena  did 
not  contain  a  running  track,  it  answered  the  purpose  better. 
The  men  trained  on  the  large  polo  field,  which  was  an  elegant 
piece  of  turf,  as  level  as  a  billiard  table  and  about  350  by  TOO 
yards.  Training  on  this  turf  was  much  better  for  the  men  than 
a  hard  track,  as  it  kept  the  men's  legs  in  better  condition.  In 
addition  to  the  polo  field  there  was  also  ten  clay  tennis  courts,  a 
foot  ball  and  a  cricket  field  and  a  second  foot  ball  field,  where 
the  weight  men  threw  the  hammer  and  discus  and  put  the  shot. 
The  jumpers  and  pole  vaulters  worked  out  behind  the  grand 
stand  of  the  main  cricket  and  foot  ball  field,  where  they  were 
permitted  to  dig  pits,  etc.  The  Eeershot  A.  C.  officials  also  fur- 
nished the  team  with  hurdles  and  jumping  uprights,  and  every 
one  concerned  felt  that  the  team  was  very  fortunate  in  finding 
such  an  ideal  place.  The  men  worked  on  Monday  afternoon, 
twice  on  Tuesday  and  on  Wednesday  morning,  before  the  ship 
sailed  for  Stockholm.  The  Finland  sailed  from  Antwerp  for 
Stockholm  at  12:00  o'clock  on  Wednesday,  June  26,  and  no  fur- 
ther work  was  indulged  in  until  Sweden  was  reached  four  days 
later. 


240  SPALDING'S  ATHLETIC  LIBRARY. 


ORGANIZATION  OF  SPORTS  IN  SWEDEN 


Athletics  in  Sweden  are  organized  on  a  very  firm  basis,  it 
having  been  found  possible  to  unite  the  various  special  associa- 
tions representing  those  branches  of  sport  that  do  not  require 
exercise  without  expensive  arrangements  and  apparatus,  into  one 
common  confederation  called  the  "National  Association  of  the 
Swedish  Gymnastic  and  Athletic  Clubs."  By  this  means  it  has 
been  possible  to  introduce  uniform  rules,  promote  co-operation 
between  the  association  and,  by  means  of  one  common  direction 
of  the  whole,  support,  promote  and  direct  the  athletic  life  of  the 
country. 

The  National,  Association  is  the  .highest  authority  in  the  active 
Swedish  athletic  movement,  and  consists  of  representatives,  first, 
from  sections,  each  of  which  sends  two  members,  and,  secondly, 
from  the  district  associations,  which  send  one  delegate  for  every 
full  five  hundred  members  up  to  a  total  of,  at  most,  twelve  rep- 
resentatives. The  General  Meeting  of  the  National  Association 
decides  all  questions  as  to  rules  and  other  matters  of  great 
importance  or  which  deal  with  the  fundamental  principles  of 
the  Association. 

The  General  Meeting  of  the  Association  elects  a  special  Board 
or  committee  of  thirty  persons,  which  forms  the  final  court  of 
appeal  in  athletic  matters.  In  addition,  the  General  Meeting 
elects  a  Rules  Committee,  which  has  to  consider  and  report  on 
proposed  alterations  of  rules  and  other  regulations. 

The  Board  prepares  the  agenda  of  the  meeting,  ratifies  the 
instructions,  determinations,  and  rules  for  every  branch  of  sport, 
and  decides  questions  which  do  not  belong  to  the  domain  of  the 
General  Meeting.  The  Board  elects  from  among  its  own  mem- 
bers an  AdDoinjstrjjiYe...£pjTimittee,  which  has  to  deal  with  the 
current  business  and  to  manage  the  finances  of  the  National 
Association. 

The  athletic  clubs  are  affiliated  both  to  special  associations 
and  also  to  the  respective  district  associations.  Each  club  pays  a 
very  low  fee  to  the  association  to  which  it  is  affiliated.  In  order 
for  an  athletic  club  to  become  a  member  of  a  special  association 
it  is  necessary  for  the  club  to  show  that  it  really^practises^he 
form  of  athletics  it  professes  to  exercise.  No  fees7on"tne  other 
hand,  are  paid  to  the  district  associations,  but  the  fees  for  the 
several  clubs  are  paid  instead  in  their  entirety  to  the  National 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 

Association,  and  are  calculated  according  to  the  numerical 
strength  of  the  clubs. 

H.  R.  H.  the  Crown  Prince  of  Sweden  has  been  the  president 
of  the  National  Association  and  its  Board  ever  since  the  forma- 
tion of  this  body. 

There  are  thus  special  associations  for  athletics,  canoeing, 
cycling,  fencing,  foot  ball,  golf,  gymnastics,  lawn  tennis,  rowing, 
skate-sailing,  skating  and  swimming,  each  of  which  has  the  inde- 
pendent care  of  its  special  branch  of  sport,  and  represents  its 
branch  in  all  dealings  with  abroad,  but  co-operates  with  the 
Board  of  the  National  Association.  The  clubs  forming  a  special 
association  hold  a  meeting  every  year,  and  this  meeting  makes 
its  decisions  in  agreement  with  the  rules  and  regulations 
approved  by  the  National  Association.  It  also  appoints  a  com- 
mittee which  has  charge  of  the  affairs  of  the  Association,  strives 
to  promote  the  jrtfe.raftts  and  growth  of  $e  branch  nLjjQort  in 
question,  investigates  cases  of  disputed  amateurship,  arranges 
championship  matches,  and,  in  a  word,  has  the  technical  direction 
of  the  said  sport. 

The  district  associations,  twenty-one  in  number,  are,  for  the 
most  part,  divided  into  branches  whose  limits  agree  with  those 
of  the  Swedish  provinces.  To  each  district  association  are  affili- 
ated all  the  athletic  clubs  existing  within  its  boundaries.  It  is 
the  task  of  these  district  associations,  controlled  by  the  special 
associations,  to  be  the  directing  power  for  every  branch  of  sport 
in  their  respective  districts,  to  see  that  championship  meetings 
for  the  district,  etc.,  are  arranged,  and  also  to  decide  questions 
regarding  athletics  that  may  arise  within  the  respective  terri- 
tories. The  district  associations  work  in  agreement  with  uni- 
form regulations  which  have  been  approved  by  the  National 
Association.  The  administration  of  the  district  associations  is 
in  the  hands  of  a  committee  elected  at  a  general  meeting  of  the 
clubs  affiliated  to  the  district  association  or,  in  the  case  of  the 
larger  district  associations,  is  undertaken  by  special  committees 
for  the  various  branches  of  sport. 

As  far  as  the  economical  position  of  the  National  Association 
is  concerned,  it  should  be  said  that  the  Swedish  State  has  assisted 
the  Association  by  allowing  it  to  start  a  lottery  which  has  cre- 
ated a  capital  giving  an  annual  income  available  for  adminis- 
trative support,  amounting  to  about  $5.500.  In  addition  to  this, 
the  National  Association  has  an  income  derived  from  the  annual 
fees  of  the  clubs. 

In  order  to  encourage  the  exercise  of  athletics  in  general,  and, 
more  especially,  the  keeping  up  of  these  pursuits  after  attaining 
manhood,  the  National  Association  has  issued  an  "Athletic 
Badge"  which  can  be  awarded  to  every  sportsman  who  is  a 


242  SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 

Swedish  subject,  belongs  to  some  club  affiliated  to  the  National 
Association,  and  who  has  merited  the  distinction  in  accordance 
with  the  conditions  mentioned  below. 

The  badge  has  three  distinct  grades  and,  in  agreement  with 
these,  is  awarded  in  bronze,  silver  and  gold. 

The  bronze  badge  is  granted  to  every  athlete  who,  during  the 
course  of  one  and  the  same  calendar  year,  passes  one  test  in  each 
group  of  exercises.  The  sportsman  who,  during  each  and  every 
one  of  four  years  (whether  in  succession  or  not)  passes  one  test 
in  each  group,  is  entitled  to  the  silver  badge,  while  the  one  who 
satisfies  the  same  conditions  during  each  of  eight  years  (whether 
successive  or  not),  is  entitled  to  the  gold  badge.  That  athlete, 
however,  who,  during  the  course  of  the  year  when  he  reaches  his 
thirty-second  birthday,  or  at  a  later  date,  passes  one  test  in 
every  group,  shall  also  be  awarded  the  gold  badge,  irrespective 
of  whether  he  has  previously  obtained  the  other  badges  or  not. 

The  tests  shall  be  carried  out  at  places  and  times  determined 
by  the  committee  of  the  proper  club,  or  at  matches  of  which  due 
notice  has  been  given.  Every  test  shall  be  verified  by  two  judges. 

The  acquisition  of  a  badge  of  a  higher  degree  nullifies  the 
right  of  bearing  badges  of  a  lower  degree  previously  gained. 

The  tests  which  must  be  passed  in  order  to  gain  the  athletic 
badge  are  divided  into  the  following  five  groups : 

Group  I. — Swimming  200  meters  (swimming  test)  or  gym- 
nastics. 

Group  II. — High  jump,  minimum,  135  centimeters ;  or  long 
jump,  minimum,  475  centimeters. 

Group  III. — Running  100  meters,  maximum  time,  13  seconds ;  or 
running  400  meters,  maximum  time,  65  seconds ;  or  running  1,500 
meters,  maximum  time,  5  minutes  15  seconds. 

Group  IV. — Fencing  or  throwing  the  discus,  minimum,  40 
meters;  or  throwing  the  javelin,  minimum,  50  meters;  or  putting 
the  weight,  minimum,  16  meters. 

Group  V. — Running  10,000  meters,  maximum  time,  50  minutes ; 
or  swimming  1,000  meters,  maximum  time,  28  minutes;  or  skating 
10,000  meters,  maximum  time,  25  minutes ;  or  running  on  skis 
20,000  meters  cross  country,  maximum  time,  2  hours  15  minutes; 
or  cycling  (on  road)  20,000  meters,  maximum  time,  50  minutes ; 
or  taking  part  in  the  final  of  a  league  foot  ball  match  or  in  a 
match  for  the  Swedish  Foot  Ball  Championship. 


The  first  association  of  importance  for  the  promotion  of  ath- 
letics in  Sweden  is  the  "Central  Association  for  the  Promotion 
of  Athletics."  It  is  true  that  there  were  a  great  number  of  ath- 
letic clubs  at  an  earlier  date,  but  there  existed  no  central,  direct- 
ing body  cementing  these  together,  while,  in  addition,  these  clubs 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  243 

did  not  possess  the  economic  resources  necessary  for  the  arrange- 
ment of,  or  participation  in,  athletic  gatherings  of  importance,  or 
for  representing  Sweden  at  similar  meetings  abroad.  Neither 
did  the  clubs  possess  the  necessary  means  for  the  creation  of 
athletic  grounds.  In  order  to  promote  these  interests  and  in 
order  to  spread  a  knowledge  of,  and  awaken  the  public  interest 
in  athletics',  the  above  mentioned  Central  Association  was 
founded  in  the  year  1897.  As  a  consequence  of  the  work  of  the 
Central  Association  the  importance  of  athletics  as  an  educational 
factor  in  the  development  of  the  nation  became  more  and  more 
acknowledged,  and  practical  athletics  gradually  began  to  gain  a 
fast  footing  in  the  everyday  life  of  the  Swedish  people. 

The  two  great  athletic  organizations,  the  Central  Association 
and  the  National  Association,  have  agreed  to  so  choose  their 
spheres  of  activity  that  the  Central  Association  is  the  highest 
authority  as  regards  the  economical  direction  of  Swedish  ath- 
letics, while  the  National  Association  forms  the  highest  court  of 
appeal  in  questions  pertaining  to  the  organization  and  direction 
of  sport.  On  all  great  occasions  in  the  world  of  athletics,  how- 
ever, such  as  the  Olympic  Games,  etc.,  Sweden  is  represented  by 
both  organizations  in  common. 

The  homework  on  which  the  Central  Association  has  chiefly 
concentrated  its  efforts  has  been  the  encouragement,  support  and 
establishment  of  athletic  grounds  all  over  the  country.  Chiefly  by 
its  own  resources  the  Central  Association  has  thus  created,  and 
still  supports,  the  principal  athletic  grounds  in  Stockholm,  viz., 
the  Ostermalm  Athletic  Grounds,  which  boast  three  foot  ball 
fields,  running  tracks,  and  spaces  for  jumping  and  throwing,  etc., 
in  addition  to  a  first-class  lawn  tennis  hall  with  two  covered 
courts  and  two  outdoor  courts.  These  grounds  have  cost  about 
$55,000  and  were  of  great  service  during  the  Olympic  Games,  as 
they  lie  quite  close  to  the  newly  created  Stadium  and  were 
reserved  as  training  grounds  for  the  athletes  taking  part  in  the 
games. 

It  is  on  account  of  the  action  of  the  Central  Association, 
both  by  means  of  members  belonging  to  the  International  Olym- 
pic Committee  and  also  as  a  result  of  the  sanction  of  the  State 
and  the  co-operation  of  the  National  Association,  that  Sweden 
was  able  to  accept  the  task  of  arranging  the  recent  Olympic 
Games,  which  was  offered  to  Sweden  at  the  Congress  of  the 
International  Olympic  Committee  in  Berlin,  1909. 

The  most  important  work  for  the  promotion  of  Swedish  ath- 
letics that  has  been  done  by  the  Central  Association  is,  however, 
the  establishment  of  the  "Northern  Games,"  which,  with  the 
Olympic  Games  as  their  prototype,  were  arranged  by  the  Central 
Association  in  Stockholm  for  the  first  time  in  1901.  As  the  title 


244  SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 

indicates,  these  games  embrace  chiefly  those  sports  which  are 
practised  in  winter  in  the  northern  lands  of  Europe,  such  as  ski 
running  and  skating  in  all  their  various  forms,  ice  yachting, 
skate-sailing,  bandy,  toboganning  and  kicking-sledge,  riding, 
hunting,  steeple  chases  and  other  riding  competitions  in  deep 
snow,  the  drawing  of  ski  runners  by  horsemen  for  a  distance  of 
forty-two  miles,  rifle  shooting  by  ski  runners,  military  cross- 
country running  matches,  and  long  distance  despatch-carrying 
"fiery-cross"  running  on  skis  for  a  distance  of  120  miles ;  in  a 
word,  competitions  in  all  kinds  of  winter  athletics.  In  addition 
to  these,  fencing  and  gymnastics  always  form  part  of  the  pro- 
gramme of  the  Northern  Games,  the  gymnastics  being  taken  in 
connection  with  national  peasant  dances,  northern  music  and  pic- 
tures from  the  history  of  Sweden.  Since  the  building  of  the 
large  swimming  baths  very  interesting  swimming  matches  have 
also  formed  part  of  the  programme.  The  budget  of  the  Northern 
Games  amounts  to  about  $20,000. 

These  Northern  Games,  as  they  are  called,  the  aim  of  which 
is  to  show  the  present  position  of  sports  in  the  North  and  espe- 
cially in  Sweden,  are  repeated  regularly  every  fourth  year  in 
Stockholm,  always  during  the  second  week  of  February,  and  last 
for  nine  days.  It  is  true  they  are  intended  for  the  Northern 
countries  of  Europe  and,  in  the  first  place,  to  test  Sweden's  own 
sportsmen,  but  the  sportsmen  of  other  countries  are  also  invited 
to  take  part  in  these  matches,  while  all  who  have  an  interest  in 
the  games  are  invited  to  be  present. 

The  Northern  Games  were  first  held  in  1901,  repeated  in  1905 
and  in  1909,  and  will  thus  be  held  again  in  1913. 


SPALDINCTS    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY.  245 

NOW  FOR   BERLIN  IN    1916 

BY  J.  E.  SULLIVAN. 

A  capital  suggestion,  and  one  that  no  doubt  will  be  worked  out 
very  successfully,  has  been  made  by  Mr.  Bartow  S.  Weeks  of 
New  York,  a  member  of  the  American  Olympic  Committee  of 
1912.  Mr.  Weeks  suggests  that  a  permanent  American  Olympic 
Association  be  created  for  the  purpose  of  supporting  future 
American  Olympic  teams  and  that  an  annual  fee  of  say,  five 
dollars,  be  charged  for  each  member.  This  suggestion  was  made 
with  the  belief  that  there  exists  in  this  country  thousands  of 
good  sportsmen  who  would  gladly  enroll  in  such  an  organization 
for  the  furtherance  of  the  Olympic  Idea.  The  funds  that  will  be 
collected  in  this  manner  are  not  to  be  used  at  all  in  preparatory 
training  expenses,  but  will  be  devoted  exclusively  to  the  legiti- 
mate expenses  of  the  American  Olympic  team  after  it  has  been 
selected,  which  will  be  some  time  in  May,  1916. 

That  the  Olympic  Games  at  Berlin  will  surpass  all  previous 
events  of  the  kind  goes  without  saying.  With  the  patronage  of 
Emperor  William,  whose  enthusiasm  for  everything  that  tends  to 
the  betterment  of  the  German  race  is  well  known,  no  effort  will 
be  spared  to  show  the  world  the  superiority  of  the  German  ath- 
letes, and,  judging  from  the  remarkable  performances  of  the 
comparatively  few  athletes  who  have  represented  Germany  at 
previous  Olympic  Games,  there  must  be  untold  wealth  of  athletic 
material  in  the  German  empire,  which,  with  characteristic  Ger- 
man thoroughness  of  preparation,  will  be  in  evidence  at  Berlin 
in  1916. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  after  the  various  events  that  go  to 
make  up  the  Olympic  programme  have  been  promulgated  by  the 
German  Olympic  Committee  all  promoters  of  athletic  meets 
include  in  their  programmes  similar  events,  so  that  the  American 
athletes  will  have  plenty  of  practice. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  German  Olympic  Committee  will  ask 
for  and  give  consideration  to  the  suggestions  of  other  nations 
before  deciding  upon  the  programme,  that  sufficient  time  for 
preparation  may  be  had. 

All  in  all  the  Olympic  Games  of  1916  will  be  a  world  event  in 
the  true  sense  of  the  word,  and  may  we  all  be  there  to  again 
cheer  when  "Old  Glory"  is  hoisted  to  denote  an  American  victory. 


246  SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


OLYMPIC  FUND  CONTRIBUTIONS 


To  the  great  generosity  of  the  American  people  is  due  the 
success  of  the  American  representatives  at  the  Olympic  Games 
at  Stockholm  in  1912.  When  it  is  considered  that  the  contribu- 
tions were  devoted  to  the  expenses  of  the  team  exclusively  and 
that  the  entire  amount  was  collected  by  voluntary  contributions, 
without  a  subsidy  in  any  shape  or  form  from  the  Government 
or  from  any  State  or  municipality,  it  is  all  the  more  remark- 
able. Prior  to  the  departure  of  the  team  not  one  cent  was 
spent  for  an  athlete's  expenses,  for  a  manager  or  official.  The 
American  Olympic  Committee  paid  the  expenses  of  the  athletes 
uoon  their  arrival  in  New  York  to  take  the  steamer  for  Stock- 
holm on  June  I4th. 

The  members  of  the  Committee  and  the  officers  worked  for 
several  years  on  the  organization  of  a  team  to  represent  the 
United  States  at  the  Fifth  Olympiad.  They  gave  up  their  valu- 
able time  and  traveled  at  their  own  expense.  It  did  not  cost 
the  American  Committee  one  cent  for  organization. 

The  finances  of  the  American  Olympic  Committee  were  at- 
tended to  by  Mr.  Julian  W.  Curtiss  of  New  York,  as  Treasurer, 
who  served  in  the  same  capacity  for  the  American  Committee 
for  the  Fourth  Olympiad,  at  London  in  1908.  Mr.  Bartow  S. 
Weeks  of  New  York  was  Chairman  of  the  Transportation  Com- 
mittee and  under  his  direction  were  made  all  the  arrangements 
for  the  charter  of  the  Finland  and  the  accommodations  for  the 
athletes  in  Stockholm. 

Last,  but  not  least,  to  Col.  R.  M.  Thompson,  President  of  the 
American  Olympic  Committee,  are  due  the  thanks  of  the  nation. 
His  unbounded  faith  in  the  ability  of  the  American  athlete  to 
conquer  the  world  led  him  to  advance  and  contribute  a  large 
amount  to  the  fund. 

TREASURER  CURTISS'  REPORT. 

Received  from  sale  of  passenger  ac- 
commodations on  S.  S.  Finland..  $55,453.72 

Contributions  including  $13,500  from 
Colonel  Robert  M.  Thompson —  69,915.62 

$125,369.34 
Expenses 123,564.75 

Cash  on  hand,  Treasurer $1,804.59 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 

INDIVIDUAL  CONTRIBUTIONS 


247 


The  following  is  a  list  of  contributors  to  the  Olympic  Fund  of  1912. 


Boston    Try-outs $10,375 

Chicago   contribution,    through 

E.    C.    Brown 4,625 

Members   New    York   A.C 3,812.50 

Chicago     A.A 3,55o 

Metropolitan  Assn.,  A.A.U., 
$500;  Celtic  Park  Meet- 
ing, $1,800  2,300 

New  England  Committee, 
through  H.  Hornblower, 

Treas 2,225 

Intercollegiate    A. A.A. A 1,800 

Revolver    Association i ,500 

Olympic  Club,   San  Francisco. 
Col.  Robt.  M.  Thompson,  N.Y.   1,000 
Allison  V.   Armour,   N.   Y. ...    1,000 
Amateur     Athletic     Union     of 

the  United   States 1,000 

Illinois   A.C.,   Chicago 1,000 

Bicycle    team4    through    R.    F. 

Kelsey     i  ,000 

Bicycle  Team  Fund 700 

San   Francisco   Examiner 600 

Dartmouth  College 509 

A.   G.    Spalding  &  Bros 500 

J.  P.   Morgan,  New  York ....       500 
Andrew  Carnegie,   New  York. 
C.  K.  G.  Billings,  New  York. 
John  D.   Rockefeller,   Chicago. 

T.  C.  DuPont,  Maryland 

M.  Hartley  Dodge,  New  York 
Pittsburgh   A.C 


Newsboys'   meeting    .........  $     187.95 

Entry   fees   Eastern   try-outs..       178 
Cotton    Exchange,    through    J. 
Riordan    ..................       165 

University    of   Chicago  .......       150 

Amateur    Fencers'    League....       150 

George   L.   Hunter,    Boston...       100 
A.   Paul   Keith,   Boston,  Mass.       100 
S.  H.  P.  Pell  &  Co.,  N.  Y...       100 
Huckleberry       Indians,      New 

York   A.C.,    New   York  .....       100 

City  A.C.,   New  York  ........       100 

M.   F.  Plant,  New  York  ......       100 

',068.45  C.  W.  Harkness,  New  York.. 
Renskorf,  Lyon  &  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Gwathmey  &  Co.,  New  York. 
G.  H.  McFadden  &  Bro.,  N.Y 
C.  Ledyard  Blair,  New  York. 


500 
500 
500 
500 
500 
500 


:tsburgh 

George  T.  Gould 500 

H.    F.    McCormick 500 

Southern    Pacific    Association, 

A.A.U.,    Los    Angeles 500 

Cyrus  H.  McCormick,  Chicago  500 
Irish-American    A.C.,    through 

P.  J.  Cpnway 385 

Yale     University     A.A.,     New 

Haven,  Conn 300 

Amateur   Fencers 300 

W.  M.  Oler 300 

Frederic    B.    Pratt,    Brooklyn.  250 

George    D.    Pratt,   New  York.  250 

S.  R.  Guggenheim,  New  York  250 

Military   A.L.,   New   York....  250 

Boston  A.A.,  Boston,  Mass....  250 

Missouri   A.C,    St.    Louis 250 

Multnomah    A.A.    Club,    Port- 
land,   Ore 250 

Brown  University 250 

Lee,  Higginson  &  Co.,  N.  Y,.  200 

Hugh  H.   Baxter,   New  York.  200 

'  E.    Faber 200 

Univ.  of  Pennsylvania  A.A. . .  200 


100 

IOO 
IOO 
IOO 
IOO 
IOO 
IOO 
IOO 
IOO 
IOO 


J.  G.  Bourne,  New  York  ..... 

Robert  Tod,  New  York  ...... 

August  Belmont,   New  York.. 
Lewisohn   Bros.,    New   York.  . 
Anheuser-Busch  Brew.  Assn.  . 
R.  A.  Sassen,  N.Y.A.C  .......      100 

Princeton  A.A  ...............       100 

Baltimore    A.C  ...............       100 

H.   L.   Pratt  .................       100 

Detroit  Y.M.C.A  .............       100 

Lembeck  &  Betz  Brewing  Co..      100 
T.    M.   Creamer  .............. 

R.   W.   Kelly  ...............  . 

St.   Louis,  through  Bland  ..... 

Buffalo,  through  E.   Reinecke. 
St.  Agnes  A.C.,  New  York... 
Metropolitan  Life  A.A  ...... 

Wm.   Allen   Butler  ........... 

American  Metal  Co.,  N.  Y... 
Mohawk    A.C  ................ 

University   of   Michigan  ...... 

Harry    Content  .............. 

David   H.    Miller,    Cotton    Ex- 

change, New.  York.  .  T  ...... 

R.  B.  Thomas,  New  York  ____ 

Charles   Steele,  New  York  ____ 

Royce  &  Co.,  New  York  ..... 

Riordan  Schloss,  New  York.. 
Deal  Beach  Swimming  Club.  . 
A.  G.   Mills,  New  York  ...... 

George  Wright,  Boston,  Mass. 
Charles  H.   Carter,  Boston... 
Edward  E.   Babb,   Boston  ..... 

Middle  Atlantic  Assn.  A.A.U. 
Meadowbrook    Club,    Philadel- 

phia,   Pa  ................... 

W.  J.  Lemp  Brewing  Co.,  St. 

Louis    ....................        50 


100 
100 

96.50 

86 

75 

75 

75 

50 

50 

50 

50 

50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 

50 


248 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


J.  T.   Brush :..$ 

St.    Louis   Democrat 

Pacific  Northwest  Assn 

S.  C.   Davis  &  Co.,  St.  Louis. 

R.   B.  Thomas 

S.  W.  Childs'  Office 

Cash,  through  Pell  &  Co.,  N.  Y. 

Newsboys,  through  Jack  Sulli- 
van   

Pentathlon    Try-outs 

Hollywood  Inn  Club,  Yon- 
kers,  N.  Y 

E.  J.  Wendell 

New  York  Turn  Verein 

D.    G.    Herring. 


Duryea,  Tappin  &  Co 25 

Spencer    Waters,    Cotton    Ex- 
change, New  York 25 

Cash,  Cotton  Exchange,  N.  Y.  25 
Alexander   &   Co.,    Cotton    Ex- 
change, New  York 25 

Erasmus  Hall  H.S.,  N.  Y. .  . .  25 

University   of   Virginia 25 

Robert  Maxwell,   New  York.  .  25 

C.  H.  DeWitt  &  Co.,  N.  Y...  25 

R.   J.    Ferris,    New  York 25 

Grossman  Sielcken,  New  York  25 

J.   H.  Abeel,   New  York 25 

L.  L.  Clark,  New  York 25 

Mott  Haven  A.C.,  New  York.  25 

E.    H.    Reynolds,    New   York..  25 

Galway   Men's  Assn.,  N.   Y...  25 

Rothschild   &   Co 25 

Artisans  A. A.,  Philadelphia...  25 

Pastime  A.C.,  New  York 25 

Barnes  Bros.,  New  York 25 

C.  H.   Wilcox,  New  York 25 

G.  W.  Kuhlke,  New  York....  25 

A.   C.   James,   New  York 25 

Sporting  Goods  Dealers'  Assn.  25 

St.  George's  Club,  New  York.  25 

Wm.  Allen  Butler,  New  York  25 

Xavier  Club,  New  York 25 

Gen.   Geo.   W.  Wingate,  N.  Y.  25 

Edwin  W.  Bulkeley,  N.  Y....  25 

H.  L,  Pratt,*New  York 25 

Henry   Hentz,    New   York.  ...  25 

Francis  Leland,  New  York.  .  .  25 

O.   L.  Richards,  New  York...  25 

Chas.  H.  Steihway,  New  York  25 

National   A.C.,    Brooklyn 25 

Mercury  A.C.,   Yonkers,   N.Y.  25 

St.   Louis  A.A.A 25 

Benjamin  Gratz,   St.    Louis...  25 

St.   Louis   Post-Dispatch 25 

D.  R.  Francis  &  Co 25 

N.   Y.  P.  O.  Clerks'  Assri 25 

W.  A.  Stickney  Cigar  Co 25 

Charles  A.   Kittle 25 

J.  A.  Heydler 25 


B.  F.  Edwards,  St.  Louis $ 

J.  H.  Hallock 

Norvin    Lindheim 

St.  Louis  Republic,  St.  Louis. 

John   Buckle 

Dominican  Lyceum 

A.  L.   Shapleigh,  St.   Louis... 

Murray  Carleton,    St.   Louis.. 
38.94  St.   Bartholomew's  Par'h  House 
32.60  D.    M.    Brady 

Charles  J.   Harvey ". 

27        Appel  &  Co 

25        A.  G.  Edwards  &  Co.,  St.  Louis 
25        Caspar  Whitney,  New  York.. 

Cash 


Finnish-American  A.C.,  N.  Y. 
R.  C.  Kammerer,  New  York.. 
Whittaker  &  Co.,  St.  Louis. .  . 

D.  S.  Adler 

Gaelic  Club  of  Waterbury 

Norwegian  Turn   Society 

Dempsey     

N.  P.  Stauffer,  Lansdowne,  Pa. 

H.  A.   Smith,  New  York 

Simeon  Ford,  New  York 

Philadelphia    Swimming   Club. 

W.  A.  Martin,  New  York 

R.  W.  DeForest,  New  York.. 
McCaddin  Lyceum,  Brooklyn. 
Anchor  A.C.,  New  Jersey... 

0.  J.   Gude,   New  York 

1.  M.   Ullman 

Edward   deC.   Chisholm 

Burton    Busch 

F.  M.  Chete 

F.  O.  Roe 

D.  E.  Seybel 

George  H.  B.  Mitchell 

E.  LaMontagne    Sons 

R.  Tait  McKenzie,  Philadelphia 

Miller  &  Co.,  New  York 

Visitacion     Valley    A.  A.,    San 

Francisco     

J.  V.  Black,   New  York 

W.  G.   Conklin,  New  York... 

G.  C.  Boldt,  Jr.,  New  York 
W.   H.   Huest,   New  York..'.'. 
Nat'l  Turn   Verein,  Newark.. 

Forest    Hills    A.A.,    Mass 

W.    M.    V.    Hoffman .' 

Junior  A.C.,   Norristown,    Pa.. 

F.  L.  Eldredge,  New  York... 
Charles  Curie,  Jr.,  New   York 
Geo.   H.  Hentzler,  New  York. 
W.   C.   Muschenheim,  N.  Y... 

F.  E.  Eveland,  New  York 

R.   A.    Semon,    New    York 

St.  Vincent  Ferrer  A.C.,  N.  Y  . . 

Walter    Scott,   New   York 

R.  S.  Barnes,  New  York 


25 
25 
25 
25 
25 
5 

5 

0.50 
o 
o 


SPALDING'S    ATHLETIC    LIBRARY. 


Bronxdale  A.C.,  New   York...$ 
Little  Falls  (N.    J.)  A.A 

B.  P.   Sullivan,   New  Orleans. 

Isaac  H.   Orr 

Trinity   A.C 

E.   F.  Hutton 

G.    W.   Mackellar 

G.   C.  Clausen 

J.   C.  Hill 

Fleischmann  Co 

W.  H.  Adams 

R.  B.  Thomas,  Jr 

Charles  A.   Hatfield 

J.     Kennard     &     Sons    Carpet 

Co.,    St.   Louis 

Blanke-Wenneker  Candy  Co., 
St.  Louis 

Mermod,  Jaccard  &  King  Jew- 
elry Co.,  St.  Louis 

W.  W.  Cohen 

Greek-American   A.C 

C.  T.   Wills 

Academic  A.L.,  California 

Famous,  St.  Louis 

Stix-Baer-Fuller      Dry    .Goods 

Co.,  St.  Louis 

Muldeney    &    Martin 

Louis  Cella,    St.   Louis 

Scruggs,  Vandervoort  &  Bar- 
ney St.  Louis 

Rice,  Stix,  Dry  Goods  Co.,  St. 
Louis  

N.  A.  Doyle 

Bohemian  Gymnasium  Asso- 
ciation   

Smart  Set 

G.  J.  Foran,  New  York 

R.  B.  Wood,   New  York 

New   Jersey  A.C 

Leon   P.   Fenstman,   N.   Y 

Isaac   D.   Fletcher,   New   York 

C.  A.  Taussig,  New  York 

A.   V.  Baird,  New  York 

Thomas  Lavelle,  New  York... 

M.  C.  Bacon,  New  York 

F.  W.  Nowka,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

T.   Kingsley  Bull 

W.   H.    Cheesbrough 

Columbian   A.C.,    St.    Louis... 

Grace  Club,   New  York 

L.  E.  Stoddard 


G.    P.   McLean $ 

E.  C.   Jessup 

C.   P.   Senter 

Otto  Wagner 

J.   O.  Jimeris  &  Co 

Franklin    A.C 

Harlem  Evening  H.  &.,  N.  Y  . . 
St.  Joseph's  T.  A.  B.  Society. 
A.  &  R.   S.  Lehman,  N.  Y... 

T.  H.  Price,  New  York 

Catholic  School  A.L.,  Cal 

F.  J.  Brennan,  Bridgeport.... 
Charles  M.  Merwin 

E.  C.  Cranberry 

South  B'way  A.C.,  St.  Louis.. 
Nugent    &    Bros.    Dry    Goods 

Co.,  St.  Louis 

R.  A.  Kathan 

F.  S.    Butterworth 

Eli  Whitney 

St.  Paul  A.A 

J.  A.  Flynn 

J.   B.  Rosenthal,  Cincinnati.  .  . 

J.   A.   Lewis,  St.   Louis 

W.    B.  Cowen,    St.    Louis 

H.  A.   Caesar 

Keene   Fitzpatrick 

A.  G.  Wear,   St.   Louis 

Newman,   Biehle  &  Joyce,    St. 

Louis   

J.  J.  Kelly 

St.  Thomas  A.C 

Walkers'  Club  of  America,  N.  Y. 

William    Norton 

Craig    

Harry   Sharp,    St.    Louis 

P.  J.   McDermott,  New  York. 

Daniel   McGrogan,   Newark... 

J.  W.  Converse 

A.   R.   Lawrence 

Eastern   District  H.  S.,  N.Y.. 

C.  H.  Mallory,  New  York.... 

H.   A.  Meyer,  New  York 

J.  F.  Dreyer,  New  York 

A.    W.    Schmidt,   New  York.. 

H.  W.  Meyer,  New  York 

Master  Jack  Schorers,  N.  Y. . 

J.   A.   Rector,   St.   Louis 

From  Treasurer  Olympic 
Fund,  London,  1908,  to 
Treasurer  Olympic  Fund, 
Stockholm,  1912 


249 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 

5 
5 

5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
S 
5 
5 


5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
4 
2.50 

2 


400.83 


THE 
GRAND 
PRIXw 

PARIS,  1900 


At  the  Universal  Exposition,  Paris,  1 900, 
A.  G.  Spalding  &  Bros,  were  awarded 
the  Grand  Prize  for  the  finest  and  most 
complete  line  of  Athletic  Goods,  in  compe- 
tition with  the  leading  makers  of  the  world. 


At   the  Louisiana  Purchase   Exposition 

St.  Louis,  1904 


A.  G.  Spalding  & 
Bros,  received  a 
Special  Award 
(superior  to  the 
Grand  Prize),  con- 
sisting of  a  Gold 
Medal,  for  the  best 
exhibit  of  Athletic 
Supplies  exhibited 
at  the  World's  Fair. 


A.  G.  Spalding  & 
Bros,  were  also 
awarded  by  the 
Superior  Jury  a 
Grand  Prize  for 
their  exhibit  of  all 
kinds  of  Athletic 
Implements  and 
Athletic  Wearing 
Apparel. 


At  the  Pan-American  Exposition,   1901 

Spalding's  Athletic   Goods    were    exclus- 
ively  used    in    all    athletic  competitions. 


A.  G.  SPALDING  &  BROS. 

New  York     Chicago     San  Francisco     Montreal     London    Paris    Sydney 


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